Some results obtained by others showed the limitation of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) increase within the brain might be an important factor in endogenous pyrogen (EP) hyperthermic ceiling (HC) or endotoxin (ET) HC. The results obtained from our experiments indicated: (1) Lateral cerebro-ventricular administration of dibutyryl cAMP (Db-cAMP) induced dose-dependent fever in rabbits. But there was no further increase in body temperature when the fever reached a certain height, even if Db-cAMP doses were increased progressively, "a flat slope" appeared in the dose response curve. This is termed "cAMP HC" by the authors. (2) Level of fever cavsed by non-HC dose Db-cAMP with non-HC dose EP was markedly higher than that of non-HC dose EP or non-HC dose Db-cAMP, and was similar to the sum of action caused by non-HC dose Db-cAMP and non-HC dose EP. (3) Similar were the levels of HC caused by EP, Db-cAMP and Db-cAMP with the charge of HC dose EP. But the level of HC caused by ET or Db-cAMP HC with the charge of HC dose ET was higher than that of cAMP.The authors deduce that the cAMP may be an important central mediator in pyrogen-induced fever; the cAMP HC developed may be a result of saturation of cAMP action site within the brain or the limitation of production of other mediators induced by cAMP; the formation of EP HC or ET HC may be influenced not only by the limitation of cAMP increase, but also by the saturation of cAMP action site, within the brain; ET fever and ET HC differed greatly from those of EP; besides cAMP, other factors may be involved in the formation of ET HC.

Fever model was made by intravenously injected leucocytic pyrogen(LP,EP). Chai Ge Jie Ji Tang CGJJT fluid was perfused into rabbits stomach by mouth. 65 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) control group; (2) LP group; (3) CGJJT fluid group; (4) LP+ CGJJT fluid group. Effects of CGJJT fluid on LP fever and cAMP concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)were observed. The results obtained from our experiments showed that: (1) The rectal temperature of normal rabbits markedly affected by CGJJT fluid. (2) Febrile response of LP was significantly inhibited by CGJJT fluid (P

0.05). (2) Febrileresponse of LP was significantly inhibited by No.Ⅰ, No.Ⅱ, respectively. Concentrationof cAMP in CSF of LP group, 1 hour after injection of LP, was 140.94?51.74 pmol/ml, while that of the No.Ⅰ+ EP group was (83.48?8.11 pmol/ml) obviously lowerthan that of LP group (P

AIM and METHOD: Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene was transfected into human phagocytic cell U937 and the effects of gene transfer on cytokines and cAMP production were observed. RESULTS: A functional eNOS was stably expressed in transfected U937 cells, but NO release was undetectable in intact transfectants. However, eNOS gene expression upregulated tumor necrosis factor - a release and downregulated interleukin - 10 and cAMP production in either presence or absence of NOS inhibitor N? - monomethyl - L - arginine. CONCLUSION: The function of tranfected eNOS gene product showed cellular speciality. The effector molecule that changed the produced pattern of cytokines and cAMP in phagocytic cells seems not likely the nitric oxide.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of neuropeptides content in a rat model of spleen-deficiency syndrome. METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, untreated group and treatment group. There were ten rats in each group. Spleen-deficiency syndrome was induced by intragastrically administration of rhubarb concentrate in rats of the untreated and treatment group. The rats in the treatment group were intragastrically administered with Sijunzi decoction, a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine for strengthening spleen and supporting qi. Normal saline was intragastrically administered to the rats in the normal and untreated groups. The somatostatin (SS) and cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) content in hypothalamus and colons was detected by the method of radioimmunoassay and the D-xylose content in urine was also detected. RESULTS: The CCK-8 content in hypothalamus of the untreated group was higher than that of the normal group (P<0.05). SS and CCK-8 content in colons of the untreated group was higher than that of the normal group (P<0.05). The CCK-8 content in colons of the untreated group was lower than that of the treatment group (P<0.05). The excretion rate of D-xylose in the untreated group was lower than that of the normal group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The disorder of neuroendocrine regulation in rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome may be chiefly responsible for "spleen-deficency and dysfunction of spleen" in traditional Chinese medicine.

Bioavailability of selenium in Se enriched mushroom, Pleurstus ostreatus, was assayed with Se depleted rats. The selenium status in rats including blood, liver Se levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was evaluated. Young male SD rats were first fed with basal Se deficient diet for 4 weeks, followed by either continued depletion or repletion for another 3 weeks with 0.51, 0.75, 1.91, 3.18?g Se as sodium selenite, and 0.45, 0.72, 1.59, 3.41?g Se as Se enriched mushrooms per gram of diet for each group of rats respectively. Both Se levels in blood and in liver and erythrocyte GSH-Px activity were enhanced significantly with the increasing dietary Se contents. The relative bioavailability of selenium (taken selenite as 100%) in the Se enriched mushroom (P.ostreatus) was 66.66% based on the criteria of blood Se level, or 125.0% of liver Se level, or 123.42% of erythrocyte GSH-Px activity respectively. These results demonstrated that Se enriched mushroom (P.ostreatus) was an excellent dietary Se source.

Objective To observe the effect of combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on the treatment of post-operation endometriosis.Methods 60 cases with post-operation endometriosis were randomly divided into two groups.Patients in control group(n=30)were treated only by routine therapy (gestrinone twice a week).Patients in treatment group(n=30)were treated by combination of traditional Chinese medicinc(a decoction promoting blood flow)and western medicine.The effects were observed before and after treat- merit in both groups for 3 months.Results The accumulative total recurrence rate in treatment group(13.33 %) was lower than that in control group(30.00%,P

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of paricalcitol ( P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the under-lying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy ( DN) .METHODS:DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal in-jection of streptozotocin after fasting.The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: the DN rats in paricalcitol-inter-vened group ( group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4μg/kg (3 times a week);the DN rats in DN group ( group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol.Normal control group ( group C) was also set up.The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks.The biochemical indexes were measured.The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4,β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS:(1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D ( P<0.05 ) .( 2 ) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in-creased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05).(3) The ex-pression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05).Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05).(4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 andβ-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.

Objective To approach the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on protection of vascular endothelial cells in rats with sepsis and its mechanism.Methods Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a normal saline pretreatment group (control group) and a UTI pretreatment group (UTI group), each groupn = 26. The rats in two groups were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal injection for the establishment of rat septic models. In UTI group, 18 hours before LPS injection, intraperitoneal injection of UTI 100 kU/kg dissolved in 5 mL normal saline was given, while in the control group, 3 hours before LPS injection, intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline was given to the rats for pretreatment. Respectively, at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 72 hours after model establishment, tail venous blood and myocardial tissue were taken. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the correlation between TNF-α and ICAM-1 was analyzed; the expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cell was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results After model establishment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM and VCAM in two groups were gradually increased, reaching the peaks at 24, 12, 12, 72, 72 hours, respectively. Compared with control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM of UTI group were significantly lower at various time points [24 hours TNF-α (ng/L): 119.8±28.9 vs. 190.2±30.4, 12 hours IL-6 (ng/L): 327.8±26.9 vs. 948.7±63.8, 72 hours VCAM (ng/L): 36.3±3.2 vs. 68.8±2.4, 72 hours ICAM-1 (ng/L): 115.6±11.6 vs. 129.4±8.2,P < 0.05 orP < 0.01], IL-10 was significantly increased [12 hours (ng/L): 80.7±1.9 vs. 42.3±4.9,P < 0.01]. TNF-αwas positively correlated to ICAM significantly (UTI group:r = 0.907,P = 0.050; control group:r = 0.961, P = 0.010). Immunohistochemistry showed that after modeling for 0.5 hour, basically no positive expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cells was found in the two groups; in the control group, at 12 hours the positive expression of ICAM-1 was increased, and in UTI group, a little expression of ICAM-1 was seen; at 72 hours, the expression of ICAM-1 was significantly increased in both groups.Conclusion UTI can protect the function of endothelial cells in rats with sepsis by regulating the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammatory cytokine, adhesion molecules, and improving the microvascular permeability.

Objective To explore the effect of inferior hypothermy treatment on serum TNF and IL-6 in patients with severe cerebral trauma.Methods 46 patients were randomly divided into two groups:inferior hypothermy group(24 C88e8)and normal group(22 cases).There are the same basic treatments within the two groups,in the inferior hypothermy group we also sive them hypothermy treatment rectal temperature:32～34℃ which need to last for nearly 4～5 days,at the same time we give patients the lyric cocktail.the TNF,IL-6 and GCS grades on the lst and 14th day were tested.Results TNF and IL-6 as compared with normal group are higher than the inferior hypothermy group,the differences between the two groups are of statistical significance(P＜0.01).The difference of GCS grades between the two groups are of stafictical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The inferior hypothermy tbempy which inhibits TNF and IL-6 releasing after severe cerebral trauma and the following damages plays a very important role in the cerebral trauma therapy.