Aim To investigate the effect of SM-1 on seven main cytochrome P450(CYP450)in human liver microsomes.Methods Substrate or SM-1 was incubated with human liver microsomes for 30 min in vitro,and divided into control group and experimental group.The effects of SM-1 on the main phase I metabolic enzymes in human liver microsomes was detected by HPLC.Phenacetin,bupropion,paclitaxel,tolbutamide,omeprazole,dextromethorphan,testosterone were investigated as probe drugs.Results Inhibition rate of SM-1 on the classical substrate of human liver microsomal CYP was 0.05％,3.37％,0.08％,2.07％,4.20％,-0.15％and 10.84％,respectively.Conclusions SM-1 may have inhibitory effect on CYP3A4.Attention should be paid to the interaction of clinical drug induced by CYP enzyme inhibition.

Objective To compare the influences of different dilution titers on the ANA detection by the indirect immunofluores‐cence assay(IIF) in children for investigating the necessity of reducing serum initial dilution titer .Methods Serum ANA was detec‐ted by using the indirect immunofluorescence assay at a serial of dilution titer in 110 healthy controls and the results were compared with the results of specific ANAs by the linear immunoassay (LIA);meanwhile the ANA‐LIA results in clinical children patients with ANA‐IIF negative were also analyzed .Results With the dilution titers gradual decrease from 1∶80 ,1∶40 and 1∶20 in the samples of the health group ,the positive detection rates of ANA‐IIF were risen ,which were 7 .3% ,9 .1% and 10 .9% respectively , but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) ,the weak‐positive rates were 7 .3% ,15 .5% and 31 .8% respective‐ly ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .01) .Among 110 healthy children under going the physical examination ,the specific ANA was detected out in 8 samples ,the positive rate was 7 .3% .Among 8 positive cases at the dilution titer of 1∶80 by the IIF method ,specific ANA was in 2 cases;in 4 added cases of fluorescence ANA positive samples at the dilution titers of 1∶40 and 1∶20 ,specific ANA was in 1 case .If with any positive of ANA‐IIF(1∶80) or ANA‐LIA as the ANA positive ,the ANA positive rate was risen from 7 .3% to 12 .7% .In the clinical samples among 29 cases of ANA‐IIF(1∶80) negative autoimmune liver disease related autoantibody detection ,the specific ANA‐LIA positive was detected in 5 cases (17 .2% ) .Conclusion Reducing the initial ti‐ter of children serum is unable to obviously increase the ANA‐IIF positive detection rate ,on the contrary increases the non‐specific weak positive .Therefore ,clinical laboratory does not change the dilution titer of children routine ANA sample .The detection by combining with the specific ANA‐LIA spectrum is conducive to find ANA .

Objective To investigate the change of Th22 cells in the peripheral blood of the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods The proportion of Th22 cells in the peripheral blood of PBC patients and healthy controls were evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytokine IL-22 of each group was measured by ELISA and ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL and CRP were measured by Automatic biochemical analyzer. The proportion of Th22 cells correlation with IL-22 , ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL and CRP were analyzed. Results The proportion of Th22 cells was higher in PBC patients than healthy controls (P < 0.05), Moreover the frequency of Th22 was increased in PBC patients with liver cirrhosis than in PBC patients with liver non-cirrhosis (P < 0.05). The level of IL-22, ALT, AST, GGT, TBIL and CRP were increased in PBC patients (P < 0.05). Moreover Th22 frequency of peripheral blood was positively associated with IL-22, ALT, AST, GGT and CRP (P < 0.05). Conclusion Th22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of and it is a potential therapy target for PBC.

Objective:To investigate the effects of bezafibrate (BF) on the activation,proliferation and differentiation of CD4+T cells from primary biliary cirrhosis ( PBC) patients and to elucidate the mechanisms for the immunosuppressive effects of BF and to further provide experience basis for BF target therapy PBC.Methods:PBMCs were isolated from PBC patients then CD 4+T cells were selected by MACS, and stimulated with anti-CD3, anti-CD28, in the presence of different concentration of BF.The cytokines were measured by ELISA,and the activation,proliferation and differentiation of CD4+T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results:(1) BF could inhibit the activation of CD 4+T cells in PBC patients.(2) BF could inhibit the proliferation of CD 4+T cells in PBC patients in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).(3)BF could down-regulation IFN-γand IL-17 production of CD4+T cells in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: BF could inhibit immune responses of PBC patients by suppressing CD 4+T cells activation;proliferation and cytokine production.

In traditional biomedical research, a series of mechanism and measures had been taken for identity protection of data subjects, such as data disclosure in aggregated methods, information restricted in public only after identified variables removal and etc. The purpose of such process was aimed to properly keep confidentiality of health information for the target subjects in research. As the protection of subject privacy was viewed as one of the most essential principle of medical ethics in human research, the effects to fulfill and accomplish such process can help to maintain the trust and support among participants and social public. Currently, such traditional modes of privacy safeguard are widely-applied in genetics and genomics study. However, the universal applicability also causes a number of controversies, and the effectiveness remains to be proven. Nowadays, the risk assessments of data subjects’ privacy call for taking the whole“data context” into consideration, not just self-restricted in isolation and confined to quality control of data disclosure. With the soaring increasing of data resources in research involved human subjects, the issues of releasing genetic data have caused more and more public attention, especially for the sensitive domains of privacy protection. Based on the core problem and principles, this article attempted to discuss the controversial bioethical issues such as data context, data-intruder concept, privacy of data subject, identity control of releasing data, potential risk of individual identification, privacy protection of data subject, and etc. We hope these considerations can provide references to the bioethical understanding of biobanks research and decision-making of ethic review.