P. yoelii sporozoites(Sp) in Anopheles stephensi were first isolated with low-speed centrifugation and the Sp suspension was subsequantly purified with the density gradient centrifugation. The recovery rates of Sp by the latter method is about 50-75% of that by the former, but few debris could be found in the Sp suspension and the infectivity of the Sp was not weakened as compared with the Sp obtained by low-speed method. Sp would retain partial infectivity, when its suspension was maintained ia medium 199 at 4℃ for 48 hrs. When rats and mice were infected with these Sp, patho-logical changes of hepatocytes such as cloudy swelling or fatty degeneration, which had been evidenced to be induced by mosquito tissues, would be absent or present in th& slightest degree.

Objective To observe the effect of resveratrol on arterial remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rats.Methods Spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs, n=20) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs, n =10) were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, model group and resveratrol group.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the three groups was observed.Morphological observations were obtained by hematoxylin and eosin or victoria blue and picrosirius red.The content of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined to assess the endothelial function.Oxidative stress was assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) , and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).Results Compared with control group, SBP, PWV, wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio,vascular cross-sectional area (VCSA), luminal cross-sectional area (LCSA) and collagen-elastic ratio were increased, and the levels of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were decreased, while ET-1,MDA, H2O2 levels in rat aortic tissues were enhanced in model group at the end of 22 weeks.After the treatment of resveratrol, SBP had no significantly difference between model and resveratrol groups, while PWV, aortic wall thickness, wall-lumen ratio, VCSA, LCSA and collagen-elastic ratio were decreased in resveratrol group as compared with model group [(6681.1 ± 2154.9) cm/s vs.(4283.1±946.1) cm/s, (234.7±51.8) μm vs.(123.4±21.5)μm, (10.3±2.3) ％ vs.(5.8±1.4) ％, (6.4±0.4) mm2 vs.(4.8±0.6) mm2, (4.1±0.1) mm2 vs.(3.2±0.4) mm2, (1.1±0.3) vs.(0.4±0.2), P＜0.05 or 0.01].Compared with model group, the expressions of NO, SOD, CAT in rat aortic tissues were increased and levels of ET-1, MDA, H2 O2 in rat aortic tissues were decreased in resveratrol group after treatment of resveratrol (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusions Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect, and it could attenuate arterial remodeling by improving oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Current research of mechano growth factor (MGF) mainly focuses on the muscles and nerve damage and repair, and it has bean confirmed that MGF can promote muscle cell hypertrophy and nerve repair significantly. Regarding its role in fracture healing is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of MGF on radial fracture healing in rabbits. METHODS: By using random digital table method, 12 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: blank control group, low-dose MGF group and high-dose MGF group. The models with 5 mm bone defect were produced in the middle of the left radius in rabbits. At 3 days after the surgical operation, the defective areas were given 0.2 mL PBS or 0.2 mL MGF (0.36 and 0.72 g/L) injected into the ends of fracture areas, respectively, once per day for continuous 5 days. At 4, 6, 8 weeks after operation, X-ray photography was used to evaluate the healing of fracture, and the histological examinations were performed at the 8~(th) weak to observe the call morphology at the fracture lesion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1 day after operation, the activities of rabbits were reduced, with slightly reduced food intake, at 2 days they almost recovered to normal activities and diet. At 3 days, the surgical incision slightly swelled with a small amount of bleeding and without obvious signs of infection. All 12 rabbits entered the final analysis. X-rays showed that two fracture ends have basically combined in the high-dose MGF group at 4 weeks post-surgery, cortical bone was continuous and fracture lines were unclear. At 6 weaks the bone medullary cavity almost run through and fully run through at 8 weeks. The healing time in the high-dose MGF group was remarkably shorter than that in blank control group and low-dose MGF group, the healing was in high quality. At 8 weeks after operation, a large number of osteoid tissues were observed in the blank control group, a small amount of woven bone formed, at a transition period from the fibrous bone callus to the bony bone callus; a large number of woven bone formed inthe low-dose MGF group, at bony bone callus period; in the high-dose MGF group, a large number of woven bones converted into mature lamellar bone, at the callus rebuilding phase, which was consistent with imaging results. It is indicated that MGF can accelerate fracture healing significantly in a rabbit model and shows a dose-dependent manner in a certain range.

Objective To investigate the outcome of trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation treated with bone anchor and AO/ASIF hollow screw.Methods Eight patients with trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation were treated by Depuy Mitek bone anchor and AO/ASIF hollow screw.The postoperative follow-up period was 6～24 months(average 11.1±5.3 months).All patients were assessed by the Cooney's grading system.Results The outcomes of 8 patients were execellent in 5 cases,good in 2 cases,general in 1 case.6 cases got pain relief with an increase of range of motor and grip strength at certain drgree.Postoperative roentgenogram displayed congruity among wrist bones,with no fracture disunion,no loose internal fixation and no traumatic arthritis.Conclusion The bone anchor and hollow screw have advantages as simple-manipulated and reliable for treating trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation.

Objective To investigate the effects of the point-injection combined with neuromuscular facilitation rehabilitation techniques on post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome. Methods A treatment group, 36 cases, was treated with the point-injection combined with neural facilitation of rehabilitation techniques. And a control group, 30 cases, was treated with massage therapy. Observed the clinical manifestations and used Fugl-Meyer to assess the joint activities, pain degree and motion function of upper limbs before and after therapy. Results Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed better improvement of joint activity scope and degree, and alleviation of pain (P<0.05). Conclusion Point injection and neuromuscular rehabilitation treatment has a better effect ain treating sequelare of brain stroke and it is worth applying.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L) is a bushy perennial herb with blue, lavender, or occasionally white flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America, where it has become naturalized. Common chicory is also known as blue sailors, succory, and coffeeweed. Chicory contains saccharides, organic acid, alkaloid, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, coumarins, and so on. It has a function of lowering the blood glucose and lipid, decreasing uric acid, and hepatoprotection. Therefore, it is evacuant and appetitive with better cardiovascular effect. Furthermore, it can be sorbefacient calcium, enhancing immunity via antiallergic, antibacterial and antivirus. So, with research and development on the peculiar physiology function of chicory, it must have a bright prospect on discovering salubrious beverage, functional food and remedy with chicory at present and near future.
Animals ; Chicory ; chemistry ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Research

Objective:To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy subtypes by analyzing the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from anti-MDA5 antibody-positive and anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive myositis patients.Methods:Gene expression profiling screening and analysis of PBMCs from 12 anti-MDA5 positive, 16 anti-Jo-1 positive myositis patients and 43 healthy controls were performed using Illumina HT-12 v4 expression profiling microarrays. Applying the unpaired t test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, the genes with the absolute value of fold change (FC) in gene expression signal ≥2 and adjusted P<0.05 were selected as differentially expressed genes. Differential gene sets were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, with P<0.05 as the threshold for being significantly enriched. Validation of differentially expressed genes by real time-PCR. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of continuous variables. If the distribution was normal and the variance was homogeneous, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used.If the distribution was not normal, Kruskal-Wallis test was used, and P<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant difference. Results:Analysis of gene expression profiles of PBMCs from patients with positive anti-MDA5 and anti-Jo-1 antibody revealed significant differences in gene expression of PBMCs from patients with the two myositis subtypes. The number of differentially expressed genes that specifically up-regulated in anti-MDA5 antibody positive patients was 407, and the GO functional enrichment analysis was mainly enriched in biological processes such as innate immune response ( P<0.001), response to virus ( P<0.001) and type Ⅰ interferon signaling pathway ( P<0.001), and the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was mainly enriched in the viral infection-associated pathway ( P<0.001), RIG-Ⅰ like receptor signaling pathway ( P<0.001) and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway ( P=0.002), etc. The 259 differential genes specifically down-regulated in the anti-MDA5 antibody positive group were mainly enriched in biological processes such as immune response ( P=0.006), TGF-β receptor signaling pathway ( P=0.010) and natural killer cell mediated immunity ( P=0.015) in GO functional enrichment analysis. There were 162 differentially expressed genes up-regulated specifically in anti-Jo-1 antibody positive patients, and GO functional enrichment analysis was mainly enriched in biological processes such as nucleosome assembly ( P<0.001), negative regulation of cell growth ( P=0.001), negative regulation of apoptotic process P=0.004), and innate immune response in mucosa ( P=0.012), and the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly enriched in metabolic-related signaling pathways ( P<0.001) and immune-related pathways ( P<0.001), etc. Real-time PCR confirmed that IFIH1 ( P=0.037), ISG15 ( P=0.003), and DDX58 ( P=0.032) in the RIG-Ⅰ-like receptor pathway as well as chemokines MCP-1 ( P=0.003), MCP-2 ( P<0.001), and transcription factor BATF2 ( P=0.002), and inflammatory signaling pathway-associated MYD88 ( P<0.001) were highly expressed in PBMCs from anti-MDA5 antibody-positive myositis patients. Conclusion:The gene expression profile of PBMCs in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive patients suggests that the pathogenesis of patients with anti-MDA 5 antibody positive is closely related to biological processes such as innate immune response, viral infection, and interferon response.

Objective:To summarize the genotype and clinical phenotype of children with WWOX gene related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE).Methods:Case series studies. The clinical data of 12 children with WWOX gene related DEE who were admitted to the Neurological Department of Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital from June 2019 to December 2023 were analyzed. The children′s characteristics of gene variation, clinical phenotype, auxiliary examination results, treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among 12 children with WWOX gene related DEE, there were 7 boys and 5 girls, the age of seizure onset ranged from 10 days to 6 months (median 1.8 months). Multiple seizure types were observed, including focal seizures in 10 cases, epileptic spasms in 9 cases, tonic seizures in 4 cases, myoclonic seizures in 1 case. Among 12 cases, 9 cases had multiple seizure types. All 12 cases showed microcephaly and global developmental delay. Video electroencephalography showed slowed background activity in 6 cases, hyperarrhythmia in 6 cases, multifocal discharges in 6 cases, and focal discharges in 1 case. Epileptic spasms were detected in 8 cases, tonic seizures in 4 cases and myoclonic seizures in 1 case. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral frontotemporal subarachnoid space widening in 5 cases, deep sulci in 3 cases, bilateral ventricular enlargement in 2 cases, callosal hypoplasia in 5 cases, and delayed white matter myelination in 3 cases. The phenotypes of 12 cases were consistent with the diagnosis of DEE, and 8 of them were diagnosed with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome. All the WWOX gene variants in 12 cases were complex heterozygous variants, including 20 variants, 11 variants and 1 large intragenic WWOX gene deletion (p.Ala149Thr, p.Arg156Ser, p.R167Tfs*8, p.Leu186Val, c.605+5G>A, p.Trp218*, p.His263Arg, p.Leu275fs*19*1, p.N285Kfs*10, p.Ser304Tyr, p.Met326Arg, loss1 exon2-8) had not been reported previously. The age of last follow-up ranged from 11 months to 5 years and 3 months. During the follow-up, 1 case died at the age of 1 year and 10 months, 2 cases were seizure-free, and 9 cases still had seizures after multiple anti-seizure medications.Conclusions:The seizure onset age of children with WWOX gene related DEE is usually less than 6 months, and some of them in neonate. The common seizure types include focal seizures and epileptic spasms. Children usually have microcephaly and global developmental delay. WWOX gene related DEE usually has drug refractory epilepsy.

Objective:To summarize the clinical features of epilepsy and (or) developmental delay associated with KCNB1 gene variants in children.Methods:A case series study was conducted on 24 children with KCNB1 gene variants associated with epilepsy and (or) developmental delay who were treated at the Children′s Medical Center of Peking University First Hospital and the Department of Neurology of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from July 2015 to June 2024. The manifestations of seizures, electroencephalogram (EEG) and genetic test results of those children were analyzed.Results:All the KCNB1 gene variants were de novo, involving 20 different variation, including 15 missense variations, 3 frameshift variations and 2 nonsense variations. There were 7 novel variations. Among the 24 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy children, there were 14 boys and 10 girls. The last follow-up age ranged from 9 months to 13 years and 9 months. Seizures were present in 21 children (88%), with onset ranging from 1 month to 7 years, and 76% (16/21) began before 2 years of age. The seizure types included focal seizures in 15 children (71%), epileptic spasms, myoclonic seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 6 children respectively, atypical absence seizures in 4 children, and myoclonic atonic seizures in 1 child. Seventeen children (81%) had a cluster of seizures and 5 had a history of focal status epilepticus with impaired consciousness. All 24 children had varying degrees of developmental delay, with 3 presenting solely developmental delay. EEG abnormalities were present in all the 21 children with seizures, including focal or multifocal discharges in 20 children, generalized discharges in 10 children, hypsarrhythmia in 2 children, and electrical status epilepticus during sleep in 3 children. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were found in 5 of the 24 children. Among the 21 children with seizures, 57% (12/21) achieved seizure control.Conclusions:KCNB1 gene variants are predominantly de novo missense variation. Most affected children present with epilepsy, though some may exhibit only developmental delay. Epilepsy often begins before 2 years of age, with focal seizures being the most common type. About 80% of patients experience clustered seizures. Although most patients achieve seizure control, they still exhibit varying degrees of developmental delay, consistent with developmental epileptic encephalopathy.