Objective To find out the risk factors of postoperative low cardiac output syndrome(LCOS) of patients undergoing cardiac valvular surgery in ICU in order to provide basic for prevention and control measures.Methods Ninety-six valve replacement patients with valvular heart disease were enrolled as our subjects and they were hospitalized in ICU of the First People's hospital of Yichang from Jan.2008 to May.2013.The patients postoperative LCOS (Dopamine ＞ 10 μg/(kg · min)) were served as observation group (n =41),and the other were control groups(n =55).All data of the patients were recorded.Non-conditions Logistic regressions analysis were adopted to analyze the independent risk factors which resulted in LCOS undergoing cardiac valvular surgery.Results Of 96 patients undergoing cardiac vavular surgery,41cases (42.7％) had postoperative LCOS.Single factor analysis showed that hepatomegaly (P =0.007),course of diseases ≥ 15 years (P =0.042),cardiopulmonary bypass ≥ 120 min (x2 =3.937,P =0.047),pre-operative cardiac function ≥ Ⅲ degree (P =0.003) were the independent risk factors of postoperative LCOS undergoing cardiac valvular surgery.The Logistic multi factor regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors of postoperative LCOS undergoing cardiac valvular surgery included course of diseases ≥ 15 years (OR =2.825,95％ CI =(1.015-7.861)),Pre-operative cardiac function ≥ Ⅲ degree (OR =7.306,95％ CI =(2.050-26.035),P=0.002).Conclusion Course of diseases ≥15 years and Pre-operative cardiac function≥ Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree are the independent risk factors of LCOS undergoing cardiac valvular surgery.