OBJECTIVE:To evaluate effect of calcium dobesilate on renal oxidative stress in type2diabetic rats.METHODS:30rats were divided into3groups of normal rats,diabetic rats,diabetic rats treated with calcium dobesi?late.Content of malonaldehyde(MDA)and activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)in the renal tissue were compared among the groups.In addition,blood glucose,serum creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured;the renal tissue were observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy.RESU_ LTS:Compared with untreated group,the level of BUN,Cr,renal MDA in calcium dobesilate treated group were significantly decreased,but the activity of renal SOD,GSH-PX were increased notably.In addition,the renal pathologic changes in calcium dobesilate treated group was also improved.CONCLUSION:Oxidative stress takes key point in the development of diabetic nephropathy,and antioxidation may be the possible mechanism of the neohroprotective action of calcium dobesilate.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide,leflunomide sequentially combined with prednisone in the treatment of membranous nephropathy in stage Ⅱ. METHODS:72 patients with membranous nephropathy in stageⅡwere randomly divided into group A(24 cases),B(24 cases)and C(24 cases). All patients were given angiotensin convert-ing enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) Benazepril hydrochloride tablet,warfarin,dipyridamole,calcium and other conventional treatment. Based on it,group A was orally given 50 mg Compound cyclophosphamide tablet,twice a day,for continuous 3 months+1.0 mg/(kg·d)Prednisone tablet,it was reduced 5 mg every 2 weeks after 2 months,then it reduced 2.5 mg every 2 weeks when 30 mg/day,and then it maintained 4-6 months when 10 mg/day,it lasted for 12 months. Group B was given 50 mg Leflunomide tablet,it changed as 20 mg/day after 2 d,and for continuous 6 months+Prednisone tablet(the same dosage and usage as group A). Group C was given Compound cyclophosphamide tablet(the same dosage and usage as group A)was orally given in 1-3 months,and Leflu-nomide tablet(the same dosage and usage as group B)in 4-9 months Prednisone tablet(the same dosage and usage as group A). Clinical efficacy,24 h urinary protein,albumin,total cholesterol,serum creatinine,alanine aminotransferase before and after 3, 6,9 and 12 months and incidence of adverse reactions in all groups were observed. RESULTS:Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the 24 h urinary protein,albumin,total cholesterol,serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase among all groups(P>0.05). After treatment,24 h urinary protein,total cholesterol,serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase in all groups were significantly lower than before,and they gradually decreased by treatment time,24 h urinary protein in group C was lower than group A and B,albumin was significantly higher than before and gradually increased by treatment time,and group C was higher than group A and B,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01);but there was no significant dif-ference between group A and B(P>0.05). The total effective rate in group C was significantly higher than group A and B,the dif-ference was statistically significant (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group A and B (P>0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among 3 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,the efficacy of cyclophosphamide,leflunomide sequentially combined with glucocorticoid is superior to cyclophosphamide or leflunomide alone in the treatment of membranous nephropathy in stageⅡ,with similar safety.