Objective To detect the influence of the perfusion quantity and distribution of bone cement by percutaneous ky-phoplasty(PKP) on the early treatment result of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures(OVCF) .Methods From May 2011 to May 2013 ,62 cases of osteoporotic fractures of thoracic or lumber vertebra were treated by PKP .CT scans were performed postoperatively to analysis the distribution of the bone cement in the vertebra .According to the bone cement distribution on the transverse plane CT film ,the results were classified into four degrees :excellence ,good ,fair and poor .The cases were followed-up regularly .Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS) ,oswestry dysfunction index(ODI) ,height of the operated ver-tebra ,cobb angle ,the incidences of complications during and after the surgery were compared between groups of different degrees of bone cement distribution and different amount of bone cement injection .Results Among the 62 cases ,the follow-up time ranged from 3 to 36 months[average(10 .5 ± 5 .3)months] .In all of the cases ,there was statistically significant difference between the pre-operative and postoperative VAS scoring(P< 0 .05) .3 months after suergery ,there were no statistically significant influence on the results of VAS scoring ,the ODI scoring ,the height lost of the operated vertebra and the improvement of the Cobb angle(P> 0 .05) . In cases of bone cement injection more than 5 mL ,adjacent vertebra fractures happened in 3 cases 6 months postoperatively and 6 cases 12 months postoperatively .In cases of bone cement injection less than 4 mL ,there were only 2 cases of adjacent vertebra frac-tures happened 12 months posoperatively .The degree of vertebra height lost between the bone cement excellent group and poor group was statistically significant in 6 months and 12 months postoperatively .In cases when the distribution of bone cement was ex-cellent ,the improvement of pain and function was significantly different(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion OVCF is treated by PKP .Through conventional operation ,the ultra-early(within 3 months)efficacy is excellent ,in cases of different amount of bone cement injection and different degree of bone cement distribution .However ,with appropriate amount of bone cement ,the more eventfully and sym-metrically the distribution of the bone cement is ,the better of the early clinical results ,probably .