28 patients with blunt abdominal trauma were evaluated by ultrasonography. The diagnosis were confirmed at operation in 20 patients and clinical follow-up in 8. There was one false negative. In 27 patients, the demonstrated abnormalities were intraperitoneal fluid, hepatic, splenic or renal hcmatoma, perisplenic fluid, intrarenal fluid (urinoma) and pleural effusion. It is concluded that ultrasonography is valuable in the diagnosis and follow-up of blunt abdominal traumas.

BACKGROUND:The majority of published article on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) used healthy animals. In fact, patients commonly have severe heart diseases before CPR, leading to ventricular fibrillation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate outcome of myocardial function and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in myocardial infarction rats treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the University of Southern California and Second Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from April to August 2007.MATERIALS: A total of 18 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into model control and cell transplantation groups with 9 animals in each group. In addition, 1 SD rat aged 1 month was used to prepare bone marrow MSCs.METHODS: Myocardial ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Animals respectively received 5×106 MSCs (0.1 mL) marked with PKH26 in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or PBS alone 4 weeks after LAD ligation. Ventricular fibrillation and CPR were performed 4 weeks after MSCs or PBS injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Heart function was evaluated by ultrasound cardiography 2, 4 weeks after transplantation; hemodynamics was measured before and 4 hours following CPR. Myocardial tissues were harvested 72 hours after CPR for pathological exanimation.RESULTS: Compared with model control group, ejection fraction of transplantation group was significantly increased 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation (P<0.01), and cardiac index, dp/dt40, and -dp/dt were significantly improved before and within 4 hours after CPR (P<0.01, P<0.05). Moreover, the rats survived longer in transplantation group (72 hours) after CPR compared with control group (P<0.05). Pathological section results showed a large number of PKH26-1abeled MSCs in the rnyocardium.CONCLUSION: Myocardial function, hemodynamics and survival time after CPR were significantly improved in animals treated with MSCs transplantation.

36 cases of primary liver cancer and 17 cases of benign spaceoccupying lesions were studied with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and ultrasonic pulsed Doppler. Among the 36 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma, abnormal color blood flow around tumor nodules was observed in 34 cases (94.4%), and blood flow within the tumors was seen in 30(83.3%). When the blood flow was demonstrated, it showed a pulsating wave pattern in all cases. The blood flow within the tumors also showed a pulsating wave pattern in all but one. These characteristics were found in most of the primary hepatic carcinomas but not in benign space-occupying lesions. So color Doppler flow imaging is useful in the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors.

The human brain contains billions of highly differentiated and interconnected cells that form intricate neural networks and collectively control the physical activities and high-level cognitive functions, such as memory, decision-making, and social behavior. Big data is required to decipher the complexity of cell types, as well as connectivity and functions of the brain. The newly developed single-cell sequencing technology, which provides a comprehensive landscape of brain cell type diversity by profiling the transcriptome, genome, and/or epigenome of individual cells, has contributed substantially to revealing the complexity and dynamics of the brain and providing new insights into brain development and brain-related disorders. In this review, we first introduce the progresses in both experimental and computational methods of single-cell sequencing technology. Applications of single-cell sequencing-based technologies in brain research, including cell type classification, brain development, and brain disease mechanisms, are then elucidated by representative studies. Lastly, we provided our perspectives into the challenges and future developments in the field of single-cell sequencing. In summary, this mini review aims to provide an overview of how big data generated from single-cell sequencing have empowered the advancements in neuroscience and shed light on the complex problems in understanding brain functions and diseases.

Objective To measure the levels of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies responding to various subtypes of HIV-1 strains in people with HIV-1 infection in Chongqing and to analyze their character-istics.Methods Two hundred and thirty-six plasma samples were collected from patients with chronic HIV-1 infection in Chongqing city.The single-round-infection assay in TZM-bl cells were performed to screen the plasma samples with cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against various subtypes of HIV-1 strains by using HIV-1 pseudovirus strains and to measure the 50%inhibitory dose ( ID50 ) .Results Eight-een out of 236 (7.63%) plasma samples were able to neutralize various B subtypes and/or C subtypes of HIV-1 pseudovirus strains, among which 15 plasma samples showed the great ability to neutralize pseudovir-us strains of different subtypes.Conclusion The cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against various sub-types of HIV-1 strains existed in plasma samples collected from people with chronic HIV-1 infection in Chongqing city.

AIM:To analyze the alterations of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ), connexin 43 (Cx43), angiotenisinⅡreceptor type 1 (AT1) and signaling molecules in the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in different regions of the left ventricular heart tissue for exploring whether Ang Ⅱregulates Cx43 expression via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in myocardial infarction ( MI) rats.METHODS:MI was induced in 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats by the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation.The rats were then randomized into 2 groups.In the losartan group, 20 mg· kg-1· d-1 of losartan were ad-ministered for 2 weeks.Heart functions were assessed after surgery and 2 weeks later again following the above treatments . All the rats were sacrificed and relevant molecules , including Ang Ⅱ, AT1, and Cx43 were determined thereafter in diffe-rent areas of the left ventricle .TGF-β1 and its downstream signaling molecules , including Smad 2, Smad 3 and Smad 7, were also detected .RESULTS:In losartan group , both left ventricular internal dimension diastole ( LVIDd) and left ven-tricular internal dimension systole (LVIDs) were smaller, with diminished interventricular septal thickness (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall depth ( LVPWd ) and distinct improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF ) ( P<0.05 ) .Losartan therapy exhibited a reduction of Ang Ⅱin the infarct zone and the border zone in the cardiac tissues .AT1 was obviously attenuated in the infarct zone with an enhanced expression of Cx 43, which was also elevated in the border zone and none infarct zone .TGF-β1, Smad 2 and Smad 3 were decreased in different zones of the left ventricle , while Smad 7, in contrary to the above factors , presented a converse alteration .CONCLUSION:The activation of Ang Ⅱpro-vokes downregulation of Cx 43 through TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in MI rats .

Objective To explore the efficiency and prognosis of hematological malignancies treated by haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods 70 patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were analyzed retrospectively.According to tumor burden before transplantation,the patients were divided into three groups,the low tumor burden group,the mediate tumor burden group and the high tumor burden group.And then the effection of the tumor burden to survival was analyzed,and the engraftment,GVHD,infection,conditioning related toxicity,relapse and survival rate were also observed.Results The follow-up was terminated on January 1,2014.Follow-ups were performed for a median of 34.05 (7.4-83.6) months after transplantation.All patients achieved engraftments.The cumulative incidence of GVHD of grades 2-4 was 47.14 ％ (33/70) and that of grades 3-4 was 21.4 ％ (15/70).The chronic extensive GVHD was 20.0 ％ (14/70).The overall survival was 68.6 ％.Transplant-related mortality was 12.8 ％ and the relapse was 18.6 ％.The overall survivals in low tumor burden group,mediate tumor burden group,high tumor burden group were 91.67 ％,72.7 ％,33.3 ％ respectively.By SPSS 20.0,tumor burden was the high risk factor affecting the survival (low tumor group vs high tumor group,mediate tumor group vs high tumor group,low tumor group vs high tumor group,P =0.000,P =0.038,P =0.016).Conclusions Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in hematological malignancies is safe and effective.And for hematological malignancies with poor prognosis disease,it should be accepted the HSCT as soon as possible after remission in order to reduce the recurrence rate of malignancy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with supplemental umbilical cord blood (UCB) infusion in treatment of malignant hematological diseases.Method Clinical data of 66 patients with hematological malignancies treated with HSCT in our hospital between January 2010 and May 2013,were retrospectively analyzed.Among them 25 cases received infusion of human UCB before HSCT (experimental group) and other 41 cases had no UCB injection before HSCT (control group).Results There were no differences in age,gender,donor type,disease categories,disease status before transplant between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was a significant difference in conditioning regimes between two groups (P ＜ 0.05),but no clinical implication.The infused mononuclear cell (MNC) count in experimental group was higher than that in control group (9.94 ± 2.88 × 108/kg vs.7.80 ±0.82 × 108/kg,P =0.00),while there were no difference in infused CD34 + cell count (5.46 ±3.54 × 106/kg vs.3.54 ± 1.60 × 106/kg,P =0.16).Neutrophil recovery time in experimental group was shorter than that in control group (13.7 ±2.9 d vs.16.6 ±2.9 d,P =0.023).The incidences of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD,P =0.036),bacterial infection (P =0.001) and fungal infection (P =0.001)and hemorrhagic cystitis (P =0.00)in experimental group were lower than those in control group.There were no significant differences in platelet recovery time(P =0.43),the incidence of grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ aGVHD (P =0.27),implanted syndrome (P =0.24),sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (P =0.57)and viraemia (P =0.31)between two groups.Conclusion HSCT with supplemental infusion of human UCB may alleviate the degree of aGVHD,but the long-term outcome remains to be studied.

AIM:To validate the association between long noncoding (lncRNA)-H19 and microRNA-199a-5p (miR-199a-5p) through the dual-luciferase reporter gene system by construction of a luciferase reporter vector containing the gene of lncRNA-H19.METHODS:The potential complementary binding sites of lncRNA-H19 and miR-199a-5p were predicted by RegRNA 2.0.The H19 gene or its mutant ( Mut) fragment was cloned into luciferase reporter vector psi-CHECK-2.Restriction enzyme analysis and sequence analysis were used to identify whether the recombinant plasmids of the H19 and H19-Mut were successfully constructed .miR-199a-5p mimics, miR-199a-5p inhibitor, miR-199a-5p mimics neg-ative control or miR-199a-5p inhibitor negative control was co-transfected into the 293T cells with the luciferase reporters containing H19 or H19-Mut.Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the luciferase activity in different groups in order to verify the relationship between lncRNA-H19 and miR-199a-5p.RESULTS:The results of double enzyme diges-tion and DNA sequencing showed that the sequence of luciferase reporter vector was correct .The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that the H 19 reporter gene luciferase activity significantly decreased in miR-199a-5p mimics group by 49%(P<0.01), and the H19 reporter gene luciferase activity was obviously upregulated in miR-199a-5p inhibitor group compared with miR-199a-5p mimics group ( P<0.01).However, miR-199a-5p mimics, miR-199a-5p inhibitor, miR-199a-5p mimics negative control and miR-199a-5p inhibitor negative control showed no effect at H 19-Mut reporter gene.CONCLUSION:lncRNA-H19 binds to miR-199a-5p to exert an inhibitory effect at transcriptional level .

BACKGROUND:Piglitazone, aperoxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ) agonist, has been demonstrated topromote survivalandcardiac differentiation ofexogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem celsto improvecardiacfunction.In this study, we attempted to investigate whether pioglitazone couldinduce cardiac differentiation of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem celsandimprove cardiacfunction, andmeanwhile, probed into the relevant mechanisms.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic efficacy ofpioglitazone combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation, pioglitazone alone and phosphate buffer solution(PBS)and to investigatetherelevant mechanisms.
METHODS:ThirtySprague-Dawley ratswith myocardial infarctioninducedby ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery were randomized intocombined group (combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and pioglitazone), pioglitazone group andPBSgroup. Two weeks later, PKH26-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels inPBSorPBSalone wereinjected into the local infarct zone in the combinedgroup andthe other twogroups, respectively. Pioglitazone (3 mg/kg/d) was given by the oral gavage in the combinedand pioglitazone groups forcontinuous2weeks after cels transplantation. At 2weeks after treatment, cardiac functions were evaluated. In addition, expressions of PPAR-γ, connexin 43 and relative factors in transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD signaling pathway were examined in different areas of the left ventricle from each harvested heart.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no differences in the baseline parameters of cardiac function between the two groups.Twoweeksafter treatment, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantlyimprovedin the combined groupcompared with the other two groups; the expression of PPAR-γ was significantly increased in different zones of the left ventriclein the combined andpioglitazone groups.In the combined group, there was a significantlyhigher expression of connexin 43, and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1, SMAD2 and SMAD3 were obviously attenuated in the infarctand marginal zones.However, no differences were found in the abovedeterminants between the pioglitazone andPBSgroups. To conclude, pioglitazone cannot induce the differentiation andproliferation of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, but pioglitazone combined with exogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels can improve cardiac function post myocardial infarction.In this process,PPAR-γmight promote the connexin 43 expression inexogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem celsviathe blockade oftransforming growth factor-β1/SMAD signaling pathway.