To date, pancreatitis lacks of specific pharmacological therapy. Recently, it has been found that cytosolic Ca2+ overload causes pancreatitis. This article summarized the earliest events of Ca2+ transport in pancreatic acinar cell during pancreatitis and the influence of bile, alcohol, and hyperlipidaemia.Abnormal Ca2+ signal can be inhibited by caffeine. Based on these results, potential therapeutic targets are suggested.

This paper elucidates the relationship among different types and subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels and antihypertensive drugs.①L-type calcium channels lack of functional expression in renal efferent arterioles,but it has been found recently that T-type calcium channels have had roles in the regulation of renal efferent arteriolar tone.Third generation dihydropyridine,L-type calcium channel antagonists including manidipine,nilvadipine,benzindamine and efonidipine,can dilate both afferent and efferent renal arterioles,then improve glomerular hypertension and provide renoprotection,because the inhibition of both L and T type calcium channels.② In hypertensive rats,an increased expression of L-type calcium channel ?1c subunits has been shown.and this increased expression of calcium channel ?1c subunit associated with the increase of Ca2+ influx and elevated arterial tone can be observed.These findings provide a rational basis for designing antihypertension therapy by normalizing Ca2+ channel ?1c subunit expression.

Calcium supplement is needed for Chinese people.Calcium antagonists are also used in China.Authors suggest that calcium owns dual direction effects like a double-edged sword.Based on the knowledge of calcium metabolism,the adverse drugs reactions of excessive calcium supplement and the harmful effects of cellular calcium overload are introduced.Scientific and efficient application of calcium agents and calcium antagonists is expected.

Rats were kept in isobaric hypoxic chamber (O_2=10%)for ? , ? and 4 weeks(6h/day, 6days/week). The lung adrenoceptors were measured by radioligand bindingtechnique. Results showed that the ? adrenoceptor increased at 1st week of hypoxia and de-creased significantly at 2nd and 4th weeks of hypoxia. The change of ?_2 adrenoceptor wasconsistant with that of total ? adrenoceptor but the decrease was more significant. By con-trast, the ?_2 adrenoceptor increased significantly all the time. No change of Kd valuewas found in this study. The data indicated that the changes of adrenoceptors induced byhypoxia caused the domination of pulmonary vasoconstriction which may play a role inthe developement of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Rats were kept in hypoxic chamber. Results showed that hypoxia led topulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy, hypercapnia exasperated thishypertrophy but was not to hypertension. At the same time, lung ?_1-adrenoceptor all in-creased in hypoxia with or without hypercapnia groaps, ?-adrenoceptor increased after 1weekof hypoxia, and decreased after 1week and 2weeks of hypoxia with hypercapnia. These resultssuggested that the different type of adrenoceptors showed a different change after hypoxia.Results implied that the imbalance of adrenoceptor in lung might led to domination ofvaso-constriction caused by increased ?-adrenocepor, which might play the role in hypoxicpulmonary hypertension. The followed up increase of ?-adrenoceptor after 2weeks of hypoxiawith hypercapnia might be a compensative effect to eliminate exasperation of ventricular,hypertrophy.

Objective To explore the clinical effects of low-frequency (50Hz) pulse electrotherapy (LFPE) in the treatment of prostatic pelvic floor muscular spasm syndrome (PPMS), and the influence of this procedure on the temperature of rabbit urethral mucosa. Methods (1) A series of 60 cases of PPMS had undergone LFPE; (2) Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: 3 experimental groups were treated for 15 min, 30min and 50 min, respectively, while the other 3 groups served as control groups. Results All cases had been followed for (1～16) months, with a mean of 6 months. Of the 60 cases, 12 were cured, 38 improved, and 10 failed,effective rate being 83.3%(50/60). In animal experiment, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups on temperatures of rabbit urethral local mucosa (t=1.3306, P=0.1049). Conclusions The study demonstrates that 50Hz pulse electrotherapy may be effectively applied to PPMS.

To probe influence of stress on the mental behaviours of soldiers. ①The mental behaviours during performing a task of emergency were investigated in 1033 soldieries. Of them, 200 performed the task of cracking smuggling activities, 338 the tasks of fighting a flood and sending relief to a disaster area, 187 the task of safeguarding the public order, and 98 task of pursuing and capturing escaped criminals, 210 the task of being on duty of internal conference of heads of state, and 200 as controls. ②The adult male rats were divited in to 4 groups and different stress impairment models were established. Spatial distinction ability was measured with jump platform test, avoidance action ability was determined with avoid lightless test. The results showed that the most servere stress was found in those who persued and captured the escaped criminals. Insomnia, amnesia,ballucination and loss of confidence were found in the remainders. It is suggestted that stress can lead to decrease in memory and response of human beings and rats.

Objective To provide the dose information from the epidemiological cohort established in 1980 in Jiangsu province using normalized workload method,and to estimate cumulative skin dose to medical diagnostic X-ray workers based on personal dosimeter were worn as members of the epidemiologicat cohort.Methods Data for fixed cohort members of X-ray exposure history from 1950 to June 2011 were collected.According to correction factors such as examination types and protection conditions,exposure doses from 1950s to June of 2011 were estimated through a Visual Basic language program.Results Average annual doses vary significantly between during different time periods:10.1 (6.1-12.3) mGy/year during 1950-1965,3.5 (2.1-5.4) mGy/year for 1966-1984 and 1.3 (0.9-1.9) mGy/year during 1985-2011,respectively.Conclusions Average annual doses received by 3 961 medical diagnostic X-ray workers during different time periods in this investigation are nearly consistent with the results reported previously and show a roughly similar trend.

A yeast strain Rhodotorula sp.NJ-298,which was isolated from antarctic sea-ice,could produce carotenoids pigment,and the total production was 1986?g?g~(-1).UV-visible spectrum and LC/MS analysis indicated astaxanthin was the major component of the carotenoids,and HPLC analysis showed its content accounted for 81.9 % of total carotenoids productoin.Maximum astaxanthin production 6506 ?g?L~(-1) was obtained when the yeast was grown at steady-state phase.Optimum temperature for the strain grow was at 8℃,and sodium acetate and peptone were the best carbon and nitrogen sources for the astaxanthin production.Moreover,the pigment had strong activity of scavenging free radicals,and the IC_(50) was 0.40 ?g?mL~(-1) by DPPH assay.

Objective To explore whether low-dose occupational ionizing radiation exposure can affect the prevalence of lens opacity.Methods Annual occupational health checkup data of 1 007 radiation workers was taken from a provincial medical institution for the purpose of statistical analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate occupational exposure odds ratios (OR) of lens opacity,adjusted for age,gender and length of service.Eye lens opacity was grouped into cortical,nuclear and posterior subcapsular opacity according to the position of the opacity occurrence site.Opacity occurred in any one of the both eye lens was recorded as turbidity.Results Only 730 cases coupled with complete information could be used in the statistical analysis.The rate of lens opacity for all the radiation workers was 10.27％.The rates of lens opacity by exposure group were estimated to be 9.07％ for radiation diagnosis and therapy group,11.11％ for intervention group,18.18％ for nuclear medicine group,and 9.33％ for industrial application group,respectively.Compared with those in the radiation diagnosis and therapy group,the workers engaged in intervention medicine,or nuclear medicine,were more likely to suffer from the lens opacity in posterior subcapsular position.The OR and its 95％ confidence intervals were 3.00 (1.23-7.33),4.12 (1.68-10.11) for the workers in intervention medicine or nuclear medicine group.Conclusions Medical radiation workers,who were exposed to long-term low-dose of ionizing radiation,especially those who engaged in intervention or nuclear medicine,were at significantly higher risk to develop lens opacity.