[Objective] To explore the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of the theory of Fuxie, so as to more comprehensively understand the rheumatoid arthritis, broaden the thinking of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the clinical efficacy. [Methods] The theory of Fuxie theory was summarized, from the aspects of interpretation, theoretical origin, modern medical knowledge and so on, combined with the regularity of the pathogenesis of the pathogen, the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were discussed. [Results] Fuxie theory is originally derived from Huangdi Neijing, it is considered that Fuxie is divided into exogenous and endogenous Fuxie foxier, etiology of rheumatoid arthritis with hidden pathogenic objective basis, its pathogenesis with hidden pathogenic mechanism, the treatment principle and treatment method by pathogen consistentcy. [Conclusion] Understanding of rheumatoid arthritis, according to the characteristics and development of Fuxie disease transmission rules, can better grasp the nature of the disease, diagnosis and treatment of Fuxie theory of rheumatoid arthritis has important clinical significance, rheumatoid arthritis from Fuxie theory provides new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.

UNLABELLEDABSTRA CT OBJECTIVE To compare the complications and clinical outcome of titanium elastic nail (TEN) versus plate-screw fixation (PF) for the treatment of upper segment fractures of femoral shaft in children.

METHODSFrom May 2006 and August 2012,32 consecutive children with upper segment fractures of femoral shaft were studied prospectively. They were randomly divided into TEN group and PF group. Ninteen patients were treated with titanic elastic nail (TEN) fixation including 11 males and 8 females with an average age of (6.9?2.2) years old ranging from 3 to 11,11 cases of them were type A, 6 cases were type B,2 cases were type C according to AO classification. The other 13 patients were treated with plate-screw fixation (PF) including 9 males and 4 females with an average age of (7.5±2.1) years old ranging from 5 to 12 years, and 3 cases of them were type A,6 cases were type B,2 cases were type C. Operative time, blood loss,incision length,the time of hospitalization,fracture healing time, postoperative complications and function recovery between two groups were compared and evaluated.

RESULTSThe average follow-up period of the patients was 25.3 months (ranging from 15 to 48 months) in TEN group, and 36.2 months (ranging from 13 to 36 months) in the PF group. The operation time, time of hospitalization, the time of implants removed after the initial surgery, fracture healing time in TEN group were respectively (56.7±11.2) min, (6.6±3.9) d, (8.1±2.3) months, (12.6+3.8) weeks; and in PF group were respectively (51.5±8.3) min, (7.8±4.8) d, (7.8±1.6) months, (11.8±2.8) weeks, there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). However, the length of incisions was (4.3±1.7) cm and the intraoperative blood loss was (12.7+3.2) ml in TEN group,which were significantly less than that in PF group respectively (89.2±21.1) ml and (11.6?2.3) cm (P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in postoperative in complication between two groups, but the patients in TEN group had a higher incidence of soft tissue irritation and misalignment. Outcome scores according to Sanders had no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). In TEN group,the result was excellent in 13 cases, good in 3,fair in 2, and poor in 1, while in PF group excellent in 10, good in 2, fair in 1.

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant difference in therapeutic effects between TEN and PF for children with upper segment fractures of femoral shaft. The internal fixation should be selected according to the associated fracture type, weight, the expected value of the parents, scars, and so on.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Hip ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND:There are many preliminary studies on the survival, metaptosis, and correlation characteristics of human amniotic epithelial cel s after transplanted into the animals, but there are no reports on the quantitative analysis of the transplantation effect. OBJECTIVE:To make quantitative analysis on serum biochemical function of liver and the expression of human albumin in mice received passaged human amniotic epithelial cel s transplantation in spleen. METHODS:Forty nude mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each group):hepatectomy+cel transplantation 2 weeks group, hepatectomy+cel transplantation 4 weeks group, hepatectomy+normal saline group (treated with partial hepatectomy) and hepatectomy+cel transplantation group (transplanted with 0.2 mL passaged human amniotic epithelial cel s with 5×106 under spleen, and the blood were col ected at 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation). The mice in the hepatectomy+normal saline group were treated with splenic injection of 0.2 mL normal saline;the cel transplantation group did not receive hepatectomy, and transplanted with 0.2 mL passaged human amniotic epithelial cel s with 5×106 under spleen. The histological and morphological changes of the liver and spleen in each group as wel as the expressions of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and human serum albumin in each group were detected, and the quantitative analysis of human serum albumin expression was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no obvious morphological change after human amniotic epithelial cel s transplanted into the acute liver injury mice for 4 weeks, but specific cel s could be detected by histological method. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and human serum albumin were improved obviously, and the human albumin could be detected in serum, the level of human albumin at 4 weeks after transplantation was significantly increased than 2 weeks after transplantation. Human amniotic epithelial cel s can survive for more than 4 weeks after transplanted into the liver injury mice, and can stil express partial characteristics and functions of hepatocyte-like cel s, improve the liver function, thus treating acute liver injury.

After testing the resistance of Streptomycin to the strain NS-41-80 which is the Meilingmycin producer- Streptomyces nanchangensis , a lot of streptomycin-resistant ( str ) mutants were screened after the spores regenerated on the lethal media when they were treated with 4 different dosage of super-mutagent EMS. We have abtained the high-yield strain 80-5. 11-221 from these str mutants which only produces Meilingmycin and no Nanchangmycin in the rotation-flask experiments. The productivity of 80-5. 11-221 is 1521?g/mL 77. 9% higher than CK's 855?g/mL. After the shake flask fermentation experiment of 80-5. 11-221 for six generations, the productivity of F 2 and F 3 is stable and the productivity of F 4?F 5?F 6 decreases hastily with the increment of generations. It was showed that the chemical-resistance mutation of the strains had closely relation with yield mutation and the EMS dosage of the yield mutation was higher than the resistance-chemical mutation's through the statistical analysis between the dosage of mutation and the chemical-resistance mutational frequency?the variate capacity of the mutants' yield. A model of the resistance-chemical mutational labelling rational selection of the strain producing Meilingmycin was established.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI) on the electro-activity of small intestines in rats, and evaluate the interrelations between the FAI regulating effect and choecystokinin (CCK) and somatostatin (SS).

METHODSMigrating myoelectric complex (MMC) cyclic period, the ratio of the active time to the cyclic period, and the number of the fast wave within the active time per minute were observed between FAI and the normal saline group by external alimentary canal electrodes; the CCK contents in dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), ventromedia hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) and SS in VMH, LHA, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) by using immuno-chemistry technique and micro-image pattern quantitative analysis and scanning system.

RESULTSThe MMC cyclic period shortened, the ratio of the active time to the cyclic period increased and the number of the fast wave within the active time per minute increased in the FAI group, which showed significant difference from the normal saline group; CCK positive neurons were reduced in the areas of DMH, VMH and LHA, SS positive neurons were increased in the areas of VMH, LHA and PVN in the FAI gioup,which showed significant difference compared with the normal saline and the blank control group.

CONCLUSIONFAI can stimulate the electro-reactivity of small intestines. The stimulative effect of FAI might be related to CCK and SS in hypothamus.

Animals ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; Rats ; Somatostatin ; metabolism

Defibrillation is the most effective method of treating ventricular fibrillation(VF), this paper introduces wearable automatic external defibrillators based on embedded system which includes EGG measurements, bioelectrical impedance measurement, discharge defibrillation module, which can automatic identify VF signal, biphasic exponential waveform defibrillation discharge. After verified by animal tests, the device can realize EGG acquisition and automatic identification. After identifying the ventricular fibrillation signal, it can automatic defibrillate to abort ventricular fibrillation and to realize the cardiac electrical cardioversion.
Animals ; Defibrillators ; Electric Countershock ; Electric Impedance ; Equipment Design ; Heart ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; therapy

BACKGROUND: How to promote the regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, especially after large defects, is a difficulty to be solved.OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of Wallerian degeneration and the development of nerve conduits.METHODS: PubMed database was searched for the literatures addressing the modular mechanism of Wallerian degeneration and nerve repair using the English keywords peripheral nerve regeneration, Wallerian degeneration, nerve guidance conduits. A total of 74 eligible literatures were included based on the exclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rat SARM1 and fruit fly dSARM have been found to be highly implicated in Wallerian degeneration, indicating that the changes of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide may be related to the activated SARM1. Whether delaying Wallerian degeneration is good or bad is still in dispute. The future study should focus on the early inhibition of Wallerian degeneration and promotion of neuroregeneration following peripheral nerve injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010,150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A,and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE)and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0(α= 0.05). Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade (P < 0.05). The clinical practice skills of the two groups had no significant difference(P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training(P > 0.05). Comparing with the 2010 grade,the theoretical level of the 2009 was better,but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses,the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscope-assisted surgical technique in treating knee fractures and knee peripheral fractures.Methods From September 2000 to December 2005,there were 46 cases with knee or knee peripheral fractures,in whom artbroseope-assisted surgical technique was performed in 36 cases including 24 males and 12 females,with mean age of 30.5 years (18-52 years).Of 36 cases,26 cases with patella fractures were treated by internal fixation of tension band using cancellous bone screws,four with distal end femoral fractures by retrograde interlocking using intramedullary nail and six with fractures of tibial plateau and tibial condyle crista by internal fixation u- sing cancellous bone screws.Results The mean hospitalization was eight days.A follow up for 3-36 months(average 14 months)in 36 cases showed fracture healing.Of 36 cases,32 cases regained full knee range of motion,four left with terminal flexion,with mean loss of 15?,and had thigh circumference (10 cm above knee)1.1 cm(range 0.6-2.0 cm)shorter than health side and two had slight pain in the knee joint.Lysholm knee joint function score was 86.5+7.6 for patellar fractures,tibial plateau frac- tures and condylar crista fractures.Conclusion As for knee or knee peripheral fractures,arthroscope- assisted surgical technique can provide fine monitoring,decrease trauma and complications,fixate inter- nally and help early ground exercise.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) could induce extensive and rapid future liver remnant hypertrophy. However, the morbidity for ALPPS is very high. This paper reports a modified ALPPS (associating microwave ablation and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy, AMAPS), which was successfully applied in the treatment of huge hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis, and the procedure of operation was greatly simplified. Hence, AMAPS is feasible and safe in selected patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Fibrosis* ; Hepatectomy* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Ligation* ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Microwaves* ; Portal Vein*