ORL1(Opioid receptor-like 1)receptor and its endogenous ligand,nociceptin/orphanin FQ,belong to G protein-coupled receptor super family with multiple functions.ORL1 is not only endowed with anti-opioid properties(it suppresses opioid-mediated analgesia),but also involved in cognitive processes,emotion,cardioprotection and neuroendocrine secretion.The research on ORL1 and N/OFQ will certainly be helpful to develop new therapeutic drugs and to find drug targets of clinical application.

[Objective] To explore the etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis from the perspective of the theory of Fuxie, so as to more comprehensively understand the rheumatoid arthritis, broaden the thinking of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve the clinical efficacy. [Methods] The theory of Fuxie theory was summarized, from the aspects of interpretation, theoretical origin, modern medical knowledge and so on, combined with the regularity of the pathogenesis of the pathogen, the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were discussed. [Results] Fuxie theory is originally derived from Huangdi Neijing, it is considered that Fuxie is divided into exogenous and endogenous Fuxie foxier, etiology of rheumatoid arthritis with hidden pathogenic objective basis, its pathogenesis with hidden pathogenic mechanism, the treatment principle and treatment method by pathogen consistentcy. [Conclusion] Understanding of rheumatoid arthritis, according to the characteristics and development of Fuxie disease transmission rules, can better grasp the nature of the disease, diagnosis and treatment of Fuxie theory of rheumatoid arthritis has important clinical significance, rheumatoid arthritis from Fuxie theory provides new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.

Objective To compare the effects of three different plasma substitutes, 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 200/0.5), 4% Gelofusine and 5% Polygeline, on blood coagulation and arterial blood gases and electrolytes during acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHHD) . Methods Seventy ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ adult patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery with the intraoperative blood loss predicted to exceed 500 ml were entered in this study. Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and blood sampling before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3 ?g?kg-1, propofol 2 mg?kg-1 and atracurium 0.5 mg? kg-1 and maintained with enflurane (1-2 MAC) . The patients were mechanically ventilated ( VT= 10 ml? kg-1 , RR = 12 bpm) after tracheal intubation. Internal jugular vein was cannulated after induction of anesthesia for CVP monitoring. After induction of anesthesia the patients were randomized to receive 20 ml?kg-1 of either 6% HES (group H, n = 20), 4% Gelofusine (group G, n = 20), 5% Polygeline (group P, n = 20) or lactated Ringer's solution (group R, n = 10) within 20-40 min. Arterial blood samples were taken before AHHD, at the end of and 30 min after the infusion of substitute for determination of activated coagulation time (ACT), thromboelastography (TEG) , blood gas analysis and plasma electrolytes. Blood volume expansion rate was calculated [ blood volume expansion rate = (Hct before AHHD - Hct after AHHD) / Hct before AHHD] .Results The four groups were comparable with respect to sex, age and body weight. Lactated Ringer' s solution was significantly less efficient in expanding intravascular blood volume than the 3 plasma substitutes, but there was no significant difference in blood volume expansion rate among group H, G and P. CVP increased significantly after AHHD compared with the baseline value before AHHD in group H, G and P (P

Objective: To evaluate the eruption of mandible third molar in orthodontic patients with non-extraction or extraction of the lower premolars. Methods: We selected 3 group of the orthodontic patients. One group consisted of 23 subjects (12 males, 11 females, average age 13.5 years) with non-extraction. One group consisted of 23 subjects (12 males, 11 females, average age 13 years) with lower first premolar extraction. One group consisted of 21 subjects (11 males, 10 females, average age 14.07 years) with lower second premolar extraction. The panoramic radiography was taken. The lower third molar angulation and eruption space were measured before and after the orthodontic treatment. The comparison of treatment changes in 3 groups were performed by means of a paired-sample t test using SPSS 17.0 software package. Results: The RS, LS, Rratio and Lratio increased significantly after treatment in patients with lower first premolar extraction(P<0.01). The RM3 and LM3 increased(P<0.05) and RS, LS, Rratio and Lratio increased significantly(P<0.01) after treatment in patients with lower second premolar extraction(P<0.05). Conclusion: The mandibular third molars show improvement in eruption space and inclination in the orthodontic patients with lower premolar extraction.

This study investigates whether kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1 receptor may interact to form a heterodimer. In immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, differentially epitope-tagged receptors, colocalization and heterodimerization of kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1 receptor were used and examined in primary culturing rat neurons, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) or human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. The results show that fluorescence of both kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1 receptor were overlapping in primary culturing hippocampal and cortical neurons. Similarly in co-expressing CHO or HEK293 cells, HA-KOR and Myc-ORL1 were almost exclusively confined to the membranes, revealing extensive colocalization. When Flag-KOR and Myc-ORL1 were co-expressing in CHO cells, heterodimerization was identified to have the ability to co-immunoprecipitate ORL1-receptors with kappa-opioid receptor and vice versa. In the current study, further evidence was provided for the direct interaction of two subtypes of opioid receptors, kappa-opioid receptor and ORL1-receptor, to form the heterodimerization. The finding represents the novel pharmacological mechanism for modulation of opioid receptor function as well as diversity of G protein-coupled receptors.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the mid-term clinical effect of nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) intervertebral fusion cage in treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods A total of 87 patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures were managed by thoracolumbar body resection combined with n-HA/PA66 intervertebral fusion cage from December 2007 to September 2008.The clinical effect, safety and radiographic outcomes were evaluated.Results No nerve damage was deteriorated in all the patients.The neural function was improved for 1-2 grade except for four patients at Frankel grade A.The patients were followed up for mean 21.3 months (17-24 months).The kyphosis was (14.4 ± 12.6)° preoperatively, (3.7 ± 8.7) ° immediately after surgery and (4.0 ± 8.3)° at final follow-up.The distance between the upper and lower vertebral bodies was (96.9 ± 17.2) mm preoperatively, (109.5 ± 17.1) mm immediately after surgery and (108.3 ± 16.4) mm at final follow-up.No cage replacement, internal fixation breakage or neurologic impairment were observed during follow-up period.There were 58 patients with grade E fusion, 22 with grade D fusion and 7 with grade C fusion.ConclusionsAnterior decompression combined with n-HA/PA66 intervertebral fusion cage is an effective method for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture.The kyphosis is rectified and the intervertebral distance is corrected, with a high rate of fusion.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of Chinese version of Asia-Pacific functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) questionnaire. Methods The standardized scale translation program was used to translate the Asia-Pacific functional gastrointestinal disorders questionnaire into Chinese version.From April to May 2011,the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) out-patients of the Department of Gastroenterology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University were asked to complete the Chinese version of the questionnaire,then the feasibility,reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated.ResultsA total of 58 FGIDs patients finished the questionnaire,of which 37 patients with good compliance finished the 2-week interval questionnaire.The retest reliability of the first part of the questionnaire was good (including basic information,disease duration and alarm symptoms),all the test-retest coefficients were more than 0.70.The percentage of poor,medium and good retest reliability items of the second part of the questionnaire (including the symptoms of gastrointestinal system) was 27.8％,61.1％ and 11.1％respectively.After the data was transformed into binary data according to Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria,the percentage of poor,medium and good retest reliability items was 5.5％,41.7％ and 52.8％respectively.The percentage of poor,medium and good retest reliability items of the third part of the questionnaire (including previous medical treatment,medication and the impact of the disease on life,etc) was 36.0％,40.0％ and 24.0％ respectively.The validity of the questionnaire was moderate according to the Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria.Conclusion The Chinese version of Asia-Pacific functional gastrointestinal disorders is feasible and can be used to screen the adult FGIDs under the Chinese cultural background.

The Medical Healthcare Service Center,located at the Youxian District,Mianyang City of Sichuan Province,successfully rescued the people affected by the Wenchuan earthquake and the Tangjiashan barrier lake with great help from the senior hospitals.We suggest that the community healthcare service center could play an important role in emergency response system.

Objective To introduce the preliminary experience of using rigid neuroendoscope in repair of spinal meningocele or myelomeningocele. Methods 3 infantile patients aging between 13 months and 22 months underwent the resection and repair of spinal meningocele or myelomeningocele in May, 2013. The operations were performed under the direct visualization of the rigid neuroendoscope in the aid of the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. All the surgical manipulations were accomplished outside the sheath of the endoscope. Results The surgical procedures were smooth. All the patients recovered satisfactorily. There was no postoperative complication. At the one-year follow-up, they were developing normally. Conclusions The rigid neuroendoscope is useful to the resection and repair of spinal meningocele and myelomeningocele. It could simplify the surgical procedures.

The design and the teaching of immulogical experiment should be helpful to training the students'ability both in clinical practising and scientific thinking.The key links may include nailing down the target,optimizing the contents,improving the teaching method,valuing the design item,and standardizing the report so as to enhance the students' comprehensive skills and scientific thinking by means of "operating" and "braining".