Objective To evaluate the results of operative treatment of comp ou nd acetabular fractures through single ilioinguinal approach. Methods 46 cases o f compound acetabular fractures were treated through single ilioinguinal approac h from June 1994 to October 2003 in our department. Their functional recovery an d complications were followed up. Results On the average, 40 cases were followed up for 40.4 months. All the fractures healed and no infection was found. Clinic al results were excellent and good in 33 patients, and only one patient showed s light ectopic ossification after the operation. Conclusions Acetabular fractures associated with anterior and posterior hemi-transverse fractures, most both co lumn fractures and some T shape fractures can be treated through the single ilio inguinal approach which can result in good reduction, satisfactory functional re covery, less invasive incision, and low rate of postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the MRI features of children's joint tuberculosis of the appendicular skeleton, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of MR imaging. Methods Sixteen consecutive patients confirmed clinically and pathologically were examined with SE-T1WI, FSE-T2WI, FSE-PDWI and PD-SPIR in Philips Achieva 3.0T superconduct MR scanner. Axial, sagital and coronal images were obtained. Articular structure was all analyzed based on the affected parts and features of MRI. Results Hip joint and knee joint were most likely to suffer (each 25.00%). Metaphysis was affected in 13 patients with long signal intensity on T1WI and long signal intensity on T2WI. The changes of articular cartilage presented as abnormality of signal intensity in 6 patients with focal high signal intensity on T2WI. Thirteen patients presented as joint effusion. Synovial thickening in 4 patients showed moderate homogeneous signal on T1WI and slightly lower signal on T2WI. Articular soft tissue was involved in 16 patients, including the formation of cold abscess in 2 and cellulitis in 1 patient, showing long signal intensity on T1WI and long signal intensity on T2WI. Conclusion MRI has the advantage of being able to detect early abnormalities of bone marrow, cartilage damage and to evaluate joint effusion, synovial thickening and soft tissue lesions.

Objective To analyze the ecological environmental differences of hibernation hole and temporary hole of Himalayan marmot based on global positioning system (GPS),remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) in Yushu City,Qinghai Province.Methods Hibernation holes and temporary holes were located based on GPS.Ecological environment factors related with Himalayan marmot,such as land surface temperature (LST),digital elevation model (DEM),normalized different vegetation index (NDVI),were extracted based on RS and GIS.The ecological environment differences between hibernation hole and temporary hole were explored based on epidemiological statistical method.Results Monthly LST (degree Kelvin,K) of hibernation hole was slightly higher than that of temporary hole in the same period.Yearly day LST of hibernation hole was 1.1 K higher than that of temporary hole in the same period.Yearly night LST of hibernation hole was 0.3 K higher than that of temporary hole in the same period.Monthly NDVI of temporary hole was slightly higher than that of hibernation hole in the same period.Yearly NDVI of temporary hole was 0.001 higher than that of hibernation hole in the same period.DEM of temporary hole was about 40 m higher than that of hibernation hole.The top two ratios of soil type factors were both alpine meadow soil and dark felty soil for hibernation hole and temporary hole,which were 62.1％ and 29.3％,64.4％ and 25.6％.The top two ratios of land cover factors were both rainfed cropland and mosaic cropland for hibernation hole and temporary hole,which were 43.3％ and 25.8％,40.0％ and 26.2％.Conclusions Soil type factors and land cover factors for hibernation hole and temporary hole are similar.Lower DEM and higher LST are chose for hibernation hole,and better NDVI is chose for temporary hole,which is good for food intake.

Objective Diffusion/perfusion-weighted MRI (DWI、PWI) was performed to evaluate growth and vascularity of implanted C6 rat gliomas. Methods 36 female Wistar rats were implanted of C6 glioma cells intracerebrally. Between 1 and 4 weeks after implantation, eight to ten different rats were imaged with T_1WI, T_2Weighted imaging, DWI, PWI, and postcontrast T_1WI at each weekly time point. After MRI, each rat brain was examined histologically using HE and immunohistochemical staining for CD34. Results On DWIs, statistical differences of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for both the solid tumor component and peritumoral region were present comparing 3-4 weeks with 1-2 weeks after implantation (P

目的观察MOTOmed智能运动训练系统对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响，并进行相关费用的分析和评价。方法将60 例脑卒中患者分为对照和治疗组各30 例，均采用常规康复治疗，治疗组在此基础上增加MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练，并对每组患者在入组时、治疗2 个月和4 个月末分别采用简式Fugl-Meyer 评定法(FMA)、Barthel 指数(BI)对患者的上肢运动功能和ADL进行评定，并进行成本-效果分析。结果治疗后，治疗组FMA和BI 评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者住院总成本之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)，治疗组各项指标每改善1 分(或5 分)所产生的相关成本费用明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组比较，上肢运动功能评分每增加1 分，少花费56.3 元；ADL评分每提高5 分，少花费278.5 元。结论脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能康复治疗中，应用MOTOmed智能运动训练系统是一种既经济又有效的康复治疗方案。

Objective To observe the effect of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on lower limbs motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods 60 stroke patients with hemiplegia were divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Both groups accepted exercise therapy, and the treatment group accpted EMG biofeedback in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Barthel Index (BI) before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results There was no significant difference between 2 groups in the scores of FMA, BBS and BI before treatments (P>0.05). All the scores significantly improved after treatments in both groups (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electromyographic biofeedback can further improve lower limbs motor function, balance and activities of daily living of stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Objective To report our preliminary clinical experience of using the Stoppa approach in treatment of pelvic and acetabular fractures. Methods From March 2008 to November 2008, 10 cases of pelvic and acetabular fracture were treated through the Stoppa approach - low abdomen midline or suprapuhic transverse incision and infra-peetineal plating. Of them, 5 pelvic cases were all Tile type C. The Stoppa ap-proach was used to manage each fracture of peripheral pubic ramus. The other 5 cases of acetabular fracture included 2 transverse, 1 posterior column, 1 T type and 1 both column ones. The Stoppa approach was used exclusively in 2 cases, and together with Kocher-Langenbeck or ilioinguinal approach in the other 3 cases. Results The average incision length of the Stoppa approach was 10 cm, the mean operation time and blood loss were 1.5 hours and 560ml respectively. The reduction of the pelvic and acetabular fractures were all excellent. There were no operative complications. Of them, 7 cases were followed up for 4 to 8 months, showing satisfactory functional results. Conclusion The Stoppa approach can replace the ilioinguinal approach in management of fractures of peripheral pubic ramus, and can be used together with other ap-proaches for acetahular fractures, but it has advantages of simple dissection and a low complication rate.

Objective To investigate the age-related pattern of normal skull bone marrow with 3. 0 T MR T1WI. Methods Cranial MR T1WI images which were defined to be normal were retrospectively reviewed in 360 cases. Patients with known diffuse bone marrow disease, focal lesions, history of radiation treatment or steroid therapy were excluded, while patients whose cranial MRI and follow-up visits were all normal were included in this study. All the subjects were divided into 7 groups according to the age: < 1, 1--2,3--5, 6--14, 15--29, 30--49, >50 years group. Mid- and para- sagittal T1WI images were used to be analyzed and the type of cranial bone marrow was classified according to the thickness of diploe and the pattern of the signal characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between the age and the type. Results The normal skull bone marrow could be divided into four types as follows: (1) Type- Ⅰ : 115 cases, 47 of which appeared type- Ⅰ a and the mean thickness was ( 1.24±0. 31 ) mm; 68 of which appeared type- Ⅰ b and the mean thickness was ( 1.76 ± 0. 37 ) mm. Type- Ⅱ : 57 cases and the mean thickness was (2.78 ±0.69) mm. Type-Ⅲ: 148 cases, 18 of which appeared type-Ⅲ a and the mean thickness was (2. 33±0. 65) mm; 88 of which appeared type-Ⅲ b and the mean thickness was (4. 01 ± 0. 86) mm; 42 of which appeared type-Ⅲ c and the mean thickness was (4. 31±0. 73) mm. Type-Ⅳ: 40 cases, 25 of which appeared type-Ⅳ a and the mean thickness was (5. 17 ± 1.02) mm; 15 of which appeared type-Ⅳ b and the mean thickness was (5.85±1.45) mm. (2) <1 year group: 40 cases, 20 of which appeared type- Ⅰ a, 20 type- Ⅰ b and the mean thickness of this group was ( 1.47 ± 0. 42 ) mm. 1-- 2 years group: 40 cases, 16 of which appeared type- Ⅰ a, 18 type- Ⅰ b, 6 type- Ⅱ and the mean thickness of this group was ( 1.68±0. 52) mm. 3--5 years group: 40 cases, 8 of which appeared type- Ⅰ a, 18 type-Ⅰb, 14 type-Ⅱ and the mean thickness of this group was (1.84±0.73) mm. 6--14 years group: 60 cases, 3 of which appeared type- Ⅰ a, 12 type- Ⅰ b, 27 type-Ⅱ , 12 type-Ⅲb, 6 type-Ⅲc, and the mean thickness of this group was (2.92±1. 00) mm. 15--29 years group: 60 cases, 7 of which appeared type-Ⅱ , 5 type-ma, 27 type-Ⅲb, 15 type-Ⅲc, 6 type-Ⅳa and the mean thickness of this group was (3.95 ± 0.97) mm. 30---49 years group: 60 cases, 3 of which appeared type-Ⅱ , 7 type-Ⅲa, 29 type-Ⅲb, 15 type-Ⅲc, 3 type-Ⅳa and 3 type-Ⅳb and the mean thickness of this group was (4. 30 ± 1.35) mm. ≥50 years group: 60 cases, 6 of which appeared type-Ⅲ a, 20 type-Ⅲb, 6 type-Ⅲc, 16 type-Ⅳa and 12 type-Ⅳb and the mean thickness of this group was (4.51 ± 1.40) mm. (3) There is a linear relationship between ages and types that is revealed by chi-square test (x2 = 266. 36, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion There is characteristic in the distribution of normal skull bone marrow with age growing. And skull bone marrow transforms gradually from type- Ⅰ to Ⅳ with aging.

Objective To explore changes of gray matter volume in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) in Chinese Han population using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,and investigate its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods Twenty patients with OCD and 20 age,sex and handedness matched healthy controls were scanned using 3D-T1 images on a 3.0 T MR system. The high resolution T1WI was preprocessed according to the optimized VBM protocol in Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5). Two-sample t test was performed to characterize the differences of the gray matter volume (GMV) between the OCD patients and healthy controls, and the correlations between the GMV and symptom severity and cumulative illness duration were examined using Pearson correlation in SPSS 16. 0, respectively.Results Compared to controls, OCD patients demonstrated increased GMV in left thalamus, right thalamus and left cerebellum after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. No areas of significantly decreased GMV was observed in OCD patients in relative to healthy controls. The mean eigenvalue ranged from 0. 5782 to 0. 889 representing the left thalamus volume of OCD patients was 0. 6813 ± 0. 0718, and that ranged from 0. 5546 to 0. 9062 was 0. 6869 ± 0. 0808 tor right thalamus. The mean eigenvalues were positively correlated in bilateral thalamus (r = 0. 94, P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusion Using optimized VBM, the current research indicates that the pathophysiology of OCD is associated with GMV abnormalities not only in corticostriato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, but also in the cerebellum.

Objective To discuss the clinical outcomes of trochanteric digastric osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation for treatment of Pipkin Ⅳ fractures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the 12 patients with Pipkin Ⅳ fracture who had been treated by trochanteric digastric osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation from February 2012 to June 2016. They were 10 males and 2 females, with an average age of 44. 1 years ( from 24 to 63 years ) . According to the Pipkin classification for femoral head fractures, 9 fractures were type Ⅰand 3 type Ⅱ; according to Letournel-Judet classification for acetabular fractures, 10 were posterior wall fractures ( 9 belonging to the posterior superior subgroup ) and 2 transverse plus posterior wall fractures ( one involving the posterior wall belonging to the posterior superior subgroup ) . The operation time, blood loss, complications and functional results were recorded. Results The operation time averaged 165 min ( from 150 to 195 min ); the blood loss averaged 850 mL ( from 500 to 1, 200 mL ) . A spring plate was used additionally for posterior wall fracture in 7 cases. All the 12 cases obtained an average follow-up of 19 months ( from 6 to 52 months ) . Motion function was fully recovered from 6 weeks to 4 months after operation in 2 cases of preoperative incomplete sciatic nerve injury and in one case of iatrogenic incomplete sciatic nerve injury. Anatomical reduction was achieved in all femoral head fractures. According to the Matta criteria for acetabular fractures, anatomical reduction was achieved in 9 cases, good reduction in 2 and poor reduction in one. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 4 cases ( gradeⅠin one, gradeⅡin 2 and gradeⅢin one by the Brooker grading system ) . The trochanteric osteotomy was repeated in one case. No femoral head avascular necrosis was found. According to the modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scoring at the final follow-ups, the functional results of the affected hip were excellent in 4 cases, good in 7 and poor in one. Conclusion Trochanteric digastric osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation is a safe and effective treatment for Pipkin Ⅳ fractures.