Objective A liver metastasis model of human primary malignant lymphoma of small intestine was reproduced in nude mice in an attempt to provide an ideal animal model for elucidating the mechanism of liver metastasis of primary small intestinal lymphoma.Methods A piece of surgically obtained liver metastatic tissue of small intestinal lymphoma was implanted into the mucous membrane of small intestine in nude mice to reproduce the model.After metastasis of this tumor to the liver occurred,a portion of the metastais was transplanted into the mucous membrane of small intestine of another nude mouse.This process was repeated 4 times in order to obtain a cell line with the characteristics of high malignant lymphoma metastasis to liver.The survival rate of the experimental animals,regional invasion rate and metastasis rate were observed,and the morphological characteristics(light microscopy,electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry),karyotype analysis and DNA content of the neoplastic cells were also determined.Results A liver metastasis model of human primary malignant lymphoma of small intestine in nude mice(termed HSIL-0402)was successfully reconstructed,by repeated implantation of liver metastatic tumor in vivo.Histopathology showed HSIL-0402 tumor was a high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.Immunohistology showed the cells were CD19,CD20,CD45 and CD79a positive,but negative for CD3 and CD7.The modal number of chromosome was between 56-69.DNA index(DI)was 1.61?0.37,which showed heteroploid.So far,HSIL-0402 had been maintained for 27 passages in nude mice,exhibiting 100% of transplantability,liver metastatic rate,and resuscitation rate after liquid nitrogen cryopreservation.Lymph node metastasis and celiac seeding occurred in 67.4% and 61.7% of a total of 156 observed animals.The HSIL-0402 model displayed various manifestations reminiscent of highly metastatic invasive behavior in nude mice,including invasive growth,hematogenous metastasis,lymph node metastasis and celiac seeding.Conclusion The present study successfully re-established a spontaneous liver metastasis model of human primary malignant lymphoma of small intestine in nude mice,HSIL-0402,which provides an ideal animal model for the researches on biological mechanism of liver metastasis and anti-metastasis therapy of human primary small intestinal lymphoma.

Objective To replicate an ideal animal model for exploring pathogenesis and experimental treatment of malignant lymphoma of small intestine. Methods Fresh lymphoma tissues derived from primary lesion and liver metastasis of malignant lymphoma of human small intestine obtained during operation were respectively transplanted into mucosa of small intestine and subcutaneous space in the interscapular region in nude mice. Tumorigenicity, invasion and metastasis of transplanted tumors were observed. Morphology (light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry), karyotype analysis, DNA quantitative assay (FCM) were also studied. Results From five patients of malignant lymphoma of small intestine, tumor tissue from 3 patients was successfully transplanted. According to the new classification of the World Health Organization, a strain of high metastatic model of orthotopically transplanted malignant lymphoma in nude mice (HSIL-0101) and another of subcutaneously transplanted highly metastatic model were reproduced from the same human neoplasm (non-Hodgkin B cell type); orthotopically Pathological study showed that the tumor was high-grade large B-cell lymphoma. Histochemitry showed that it was CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD45 positive, and CD3 and CD7 negative. The number of chromosome is ranged from 55 to 59; DI (DNA Index) was 1.47～1.61 (ie, heteroploid). HSIL-0101 and HSIL-0102 had been passaged for 32 and 38 generations in nude mice separately. 357 nude mice were transplanted. Rate of growth of neoplasm transplantation and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation were both 100%. In HSIL-0101, metastasis rate of liver and lymph node was 100%. In HSIL-0102, metastasis rate of liver was 63.5% and metastasis rate of lymph node was 62.7%. Transplanted tumors invasively grew in small intestine and subcutaneous region of nude mice. Blood metastasis was found (liver and spleen metastases). There were also lymph metastasis and seeding metastasis in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusions The study first successfully established spontaneous high metastasis models of malignant lymphoma of human small intestine in nude mice by orthotopic and subcutaneous transplantation. HSIL-0101 and HSIL-0102 could be used to carry out the research on pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and experimental therapy of malignant lymphoma of small intestine.

Objective To provide an experimental tool for explo ri ng pathogenesis and experimental treatment strategies for primary lymphoma of th e liver. Methods Histologically intact lymphoma tissues from pa tients with primary lymphoma of the liver were transplanted into hepatic parench yma of nude mice. Tumorgenecity, invasion, metastasis, morphological characteris tics(light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry), serologica l test(AFP, HBsAg and LDH), karyotype analysis and DNA content of orthotopically transplanted tumors were studied. Results Orthotopically trans planted model of human primary malignant lymphoma of the liver in nude mice(desi gnated as HLBL-0102) was successfully reproduced. Histopathology of transplante d tumors showed primary lymphoma of the liver(non-Hodgkin's, B cell). The cells were positive for CD19,CD20,CD45RO and CD79a, but negative for CD3 and CD7. Ser ological tests showed that the serum was AFP negative and HBsAg positive, and t he concentration of LDH was 1267.5U/L. The number of chromosome was between 55 and 59. DNA index(DI) was 1.57~1.61(i.e. heteroploid). So far, the strain HLB L-0102 has grown for 3 years and been passaged for 37 generations in nude mice. Altogether 283 nude mice were used for transplantation. The growth rate and res uscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of transplanted tumors were both 100%. The transplanted tumors autonomoasly and invasively grew in the live r of nude mice, damaging adjacent liver tissues, bile ducts, and veins in the po rtal area. There was no involvement of other tissues and organs or distal lymph nodes. Orthotopically transplanted tumors were consistent in histopathological a nd ultrastructural features, DNA content and chromosomal karyotype with the orig inal human tumor. Conclusions The study is the first attempt to successfully reproduce orthotopically transplantation model of human primary ma lignant lymphoma of the liver in nude mice. HLBL-0102 completely replicates th e natural clinical process of primary lymphoma of the liver, and provides an ide al animal model for further research on the biology and experimental therapeutic strategies of primary lymphoma of the liver.

Objective To reproduce high metastasis models of human primary colorectal lymphoma in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation, and to investigate their biologic features. Methods Histologically fresh lymphoma tissues from primary and liver metastatic lesions of human primary colorectal lymphoma obtained during operations were transplanted into colorectal mucosa of nude mice. Tumorgenecity, invasion, metastasis, morphology (light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry), karyotype analysis and DNA content of the orthotopically transplanted tumors were studied. Results According to the new WHO classification of malignant lymphoma, a strain of liver metastasis model of human primary colonic lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's, B cell) in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation (HCBL-0301), and a strain of high metastasis model of human primary rectal lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's, B cell) in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation (HRBL-0302) were successfully screened from four cases of human primary colorectal lymphoma. Histopathology of transplanted tumors showed high grade non-Hodgkin's large B cell lymphoma. The cells were positive for CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD45, but negative for CD3 and CD7. The number of chromosome was between 55 and 69. DNA index (DI) was 1.59~1.71 (i.e. heteroploid). So far, HCBL-0301 and HRBL-0302 had been passaged for 31 and 27 generations in nude mice, respectively, and transplantation was successful in 326 nude mice. Since the third generation, both the growth rate of transplantation and rate of resuscitation after being thawed from liquid nitrogen cryopreservation were 100%. In HCBL-0301, metastasis to the right lobe of liver was most common and metastatic rate was 100%; additionally, rates metastasis to of lymph node and peritoneal seeding were 67.4%. In HRBL-0302, metastasis to the left and right lobes of liver was most common with metastasis rate of 63.7%, and rates of metastasis to lymph node and peritoneal seeding were 56.4%. Transplanted human primary colorectal lymphoma could autonomously and invasively grow in the colorectum of nude mice, with occurrence of hematogenic, lymph node and implantation metastases. Conclusions The study successfully replicated high metastasis models of human primary colorectal lymphoma in nude mice by orthotopic transplantation. HCBL-0301 and HRBL-0302 models can be used in the research on pathogenesis, mechanism of invasion and metastasis and experimental therapy of human primary colorectal lymphoma.

Objective To provide an ideal animal model for exploring the pathogenesis and experimental treatment of malignant melanoma in the small intestine.Methods Fresh tissue of lung metastatic lesions from patients with malignant melanoma of the smallintestine were transplanted into mucosa of the small intestine in nude mice.After 4 times of screening.the tissue of the lung metastatic lesions from the nude mice were transplanted into the small intestine of additionat nude mice.Tumorgenecity and metastasis of transplanted tumors were observed,and were analyzed by morphology,karyotype and flow cytometry.Results A lung metastatic model of human primary malignant melanoma of the small intestine in nude mice was successfully constructed and named HSIM-0601.Massive melanin granules and melanin complex were seen in cytoplasm of tumor cells.Immunohistochemical straining of S-100 and HMB-45 were positive.The number of chromosome was between 57 and 59.DNA index was 1.49.HSIM-0601 was passed for 26 generations.A total of 173 nude mice were used for tumor transplantation.The growth rate of the transplanted tumors and resuscitation rate of liquid nitrogen cryopreservation were both 100%.In HSIM-0601.lung metastasis rate was 100%(173/173)and lymph node metastasis rate was 61.3%(106/173).Conclusions The HSIM-0601 successfully mimics the natural clinicopathologic course of patients with primary small intestinal melanoma,and provides an ideal animal model for research on pathogenesis,metastasis and experimentM therapy of malignant lymphoma in the small intestine.

Two cell strains from human pancreatic cancer taken surgically were transplanted to the pancreas of pureline BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice and 9 generations of PTNMP-1 and 6 generations of PTNMP-2 were obtained. Biological properties were studied. It yielded a transplant success rate of 95% - 100% and large amount of CEA. Analysis of the karyotype confermed that they retained the karyotype of human cancer cells. Some lymphatic and blood stream metastasis and invasion could be found in the nude mice orthotopically transplanted with tumour, showing that the transplanted tumour had characteristics identical with the donor tumour.

Objective To construct a recombinant lentiviral expression vector for RNA interference (RNAi) of human Snail gene and to study its effects on the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F. Methods The effective sequence of short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting Snail gene was designed and cloned into the linear pLVTHM vector after enzyme digestion. After confirmation by DNA sequencing, 5-8F cells were infected with the viral supernatants. The cells with stable Snail gene knock-down were separated by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FASC). The expression of Snail mRNA was detected by real time RT-PCR. MTT and cell invasion assay were used to detect the proliferation and invasion of 5-8F cells after plVTHM-siSnail transfection. Results The lentivirus vector plVTHM-siSnail was constructed successfully. The separated 5-8F-plVTHM-siSnail exhibited significant knock-down of Snail mRNA expression. Slower proliferation and decreased cells to permeate through the Matrigel were found after plVTHM-siSnail transfection (P

OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative voice recovery time of vocal polyps treated with different power levels of CO2 laser and conventional laryngeal microsurgery on vocal polyps. METHOD: Two hundred patients with vocal polyps were randomly divided into four groups, which were respectively treated with conventional laryngeal microsurgery and different power levels of CO2 laser (2 W, 4 W and 6 W) under laryngoscope. The postoperative voice recovery time were analyzed. RESULT: All vocal polyps were resected at one time without any serious complications like dyspnea or bleeding. The postoperative voice recovery time were 7.2 days for the group of patients received conventional laryngeal microsurgery and 7.6 days for the group of patients treated with 2 W CO2 laser, which were hoch significantly different from that in the group of patients treated with 6 W CO2 laser (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The postoperative recovery time of patients treated with conventional laryngeal microsurgery and small power of CO2 laser is shorter than those operated with the other larger power of CO2 laser.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laryngoscopy ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Polyps ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Recovery of Function ; Vocal Cords ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish three orthotopically transplanted model of human primary malignant spleen lymphoma in the nude mice.

METHODSOrthotopic transplantation of histologically intact human primary malignant splenic lymphoma tissue obtained from patients was introduced into the splenic parenchyma of nude mice. Tumorigenicity, invasion, metastasis and morphological characteristics of the transplanted tumor were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSThe first kind, a strain of human primary malignant spleen lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's, cleaved B cell, BFNHL-HMN-1) screened from 11 patients which had been passaged in vivo for 41 generations, a second kind, a liver metastasis model of human primary malignant spleen lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's, cleaved B cell, LM-BFNHL-HMN-2) which had been passaged for 47 generations and a third kind of human primary malignant spleen lymphoma (non-Hodgkin's, T-immunoblastic cell, TINHL-HMN-3) having passaged for 37 generations were all successfully transplanted in 611 nude mice. Models of BFNHL-HMN-1 and TINHL-HMN-3 tumor gave nodular growth and lymph node metastasis in the spleen hilum but without any metastasis in the abdominal lymph nodes or organs. In the LM-BFNHL-HMN-2 model, not only did the tumor cells grow in the spleen, but in spleen hilum, lymph nodes and liver also. The orthotopically transplanted tumor cells were similar to the original human tumor in light histopathology, ultrastructure features, DNA content and chromosomal karyotype.

CONCLUSIONThese three models are able to serve as useful tools for the study of biologic characteristics and experimental treatment of human primary malignant lymphoma.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Splenic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

The PBL and CBL model pays more attention to the cultivation of students' ability than the traditional education model, which is in line with the current demand for clinical pharmacy training. This study has summarized the practice of PBL combined with CBL in clinical pharmacy training for com-munity clinical pharmacists in the Pharmacy Department of the Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The results show that PBL combined with CBL teaching is superior to traditional teaching in stimulating students' interest in learning, clarifying their learning objectives, en-hancing their ability to analyze and solve problems, autonomous learning, information seeking skills, team cooperation awareness, clinical thinking and so on. This teaching has a good response in community clini-cal pharmacist training, and it is worth promoting.