Objective To examine the effect of positive and negative evaluative conditioning (EC) on neutral faces.Methods The experiment consisted of three phases:baseline phase,conditioning phase,and re-evaluative phase,in which 41 college students participated,watching sequences of neutral faces (CS) pairing to either a positive stimulus (USpos) or a negative stimulus (USneg).Their emotional experiences (valence and arousal) and physiological reactivity (eyeblink startle reflex and skin conductance) were recor ded.Results (1) In the re-evaluative phase,CSpos was rated significantly more positive than CSneg and CSneut,while CSneg was rated significantly more negative than CSneut (CSpos (5.05± 1.24),CSneg (3.73± 1.48),CSneut (4.46± 1.04),P＜0.05).(2)In the re-evaluative phase,the mean startle eyeblink response magnitude(T score) to CSpos was significantly smaller than the responses elicited by CSneg and CSneut (CSpos (45.04±5.56),CSneg (51.44±9.30),CSneut (54.52± 10.60),P＜0.01).Conclusion The findings suggest that neutral faces can acquire valences and approach motivation through EC.

Objective To compare the immunoregulatory effects of Radix Millettia Speciosa (RM Speciosa) and Radix Millettia Championi (RM Championi)on immunosuppressed mice.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group,CTX model group,LMS positive group,RM Speciosa groups and RM Championi groups (20,10 and 5 g/kg).The mice were treated respectively with drug or NS once a day for consecutive 20 days.Mice in the other groups were injected intraperitoneally with CTX at days 8,10 and 12 to establish immunosuppressed mice model except the normal group.The changes of body weight,immune organ weight,white blood cell (WBC)number,carbon particle clearance capability of macrophages and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH)of mice in all groups were determined and compared.Results Compared with that in CTX group,the WBC number was significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.05)and the degree of DTH (P<0.01) was enhanced at different doses in RM Speciosa groups and RM Championi groups.The activity of macrophages and the index of thymus and spleen were also improved in the treatment groups (P<0 .0 5 or P<0 .0 1 ).The index of thymus and the degree of DTH in RM Speciosa groups (20 and 10 g/kg)were slightly higher than those in the corresponding RM Championi groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05).For other indicators,RM Speciosa groups did not significantly differ from RM Championi groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Both RM Speciosa and RM Championi can improve the immune function of CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice,and RM Speciosa is slightly superior to RM Championi in improving specific cellular immunity.

Objective To study the differences in body composition and blood lipids between the pre-and post-menopausal women of Maonan ethnicity , and to explore the correlations between body fat content , fat distribution and blood lipids.Methods Totally 200 Maonan pre-and post-menopausal women were randomly selected from Huanjiang county in Guangxi.Body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and blood lipids were tested from blood samples .Results Compared with the pre-menopausal women , the visceral fat level (/area ) , waist-hip ratio (WHR), left (/right) lower limbs fat, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein( LDL-C) in post-menopausal women were significantly higher ( P <0.01 ) , and the detection rate of hypercholesterolemia , mixed hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal group was also significantly higher ( P<0.01 ) .All the blood lipids were closely related to WHR and visceral fat content (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition, TG, high-density lipoprotein ( HDL-C) and LDL-C except TC were significantly correlated to %BF, BMI and subcutaneous fat content ( P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The accumulation of visceral and abdominal fat in Maonan postmenopausal women is significantly correlated to dyslipidemia .The results may provide references for making preventive program for the Maonan women .

OBJECTIVETo study the metabolism of mangiferin by human intestinal bacteria in vitro.

METHODHuman intestinal bacteria and mangiferin were incubated under anaerobic conditions in vitro. The metabolite was separated and purified by D101 macroporous resin column and preparation high performance liquid chromatography, and its structure was identified by MS and NMR.

RESULTAfter 12 h incubation with human intestinal bacteria, the content of mangiferin metabolite reached the maximum, and it was determined as 1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthen by MS and NMR.

CONCLUSIONMangiferin can be metabolized in vitro by human intestinal bacteria into its aglycone (1, 3, 6, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthen).

Bacteria ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Xanthones ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Guangxi from 2011 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence data of mumps in Guangxi from 2011 to 2019. Results From 2011 to 2019, a total of 146,132 cases of mumps were reported in Guangxi, with an average annual incidence rate of 34.23 /100 000. There were 88,919 male cases (60.85%) and 57,213 female cases (39.15%). The incidence rate decreased from 62.26/100 000 in 2011 to 16.46/100 000 in 2015, and increased from 18.60/100 000 in 2016 to 46.90/100 000 in 2019. There were seasonal variations in the incidence, with the incidence peaks occurring from April to July and from October to the following January. 85.39% of cases were under 15 years of age, and 76.82% of cases were among kindergarteners or school children. A total of 228 mumps outbreaks were reported during 2011-2019，including 5,347 cases, accounting for 3.66% of the total cases. The incidence rates of mumps in Nanning (56.09/100 000), Hechi (48.26/100 000), Liuzhou (46.77/100 000), Baise (46.34/100 000) and Fangchenggang (40.68/100,000) were relatively higher than other places. Conclusion The mumps incidence is on an upward trend in Guangxi since 2015-2019, occurring mainly in older children or students. It is suggested to adhere to the second dose of mumps containing vaccine for kindergarten and school children and strengthen the surveillance and outbreak control of mumps in schools.