A total of 175 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were composed of 69 with normoalbuminuria,60 with microalbuminuria,and 46 with macroalbuminuria.The control group consisted of 64 healthy individuals.Serum YKL-40 levels were determined with ELISA method and related metabolic data were collected.Serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in T2DM group than in control group(P＜0.01).Significant correlations of YKL-40 were found with the ratio of microalbuminuria to uric creatinine(r=0.677,P＜0.01),HbA1C (r =0.562,P＜0.01),systolic blood pressure (r =0.372,P =0.001),HOMA-IR (r =0.460,P =0.001),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=0.304,P=0.012),age(r=0.260,P=0.015),blood uric acid (r=0.329,P=0.018),and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r=-0.247,P=0.032).YKL-40 may play a role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To survey the prevalence of the pulmonary function test in Liaoning province and investigate the cognition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）patients to the test.Methods One hundred and twenty nine comprehensive hospitals of Grade Three and Grade Two have been included to survey the prevalence of the pulmonary function test by telephone.A cross-sectional study was carried out among 206 COPD outpatients to investigate their cognition to the pulmonary function test.Results The total prevalence of the hospitals with the equipment and ability to do pulmonary function tests was only 51.2%.The prevalence of the hospitals of Grade Three（79.4%）was higher than that of the hospitals of Grade Two（24.2%）.In 206 COPD patients,100 cases（48.5%）had been provided with pulmonary function test,53 cases（25.73%）had been diagnosed as COPD in the past.The patients diagnosed as COPD accounted for 33.8% of all chronic bronchitis patients surveyed.The span during the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and the definitive diagnosis of COPD was 11.79±10.96 years.Conclusion The prevalence of pulmonary function test in Liaoning province is relatively low,especially in the comprehensive hospitals of Grade Two.Few chronic bronchitis patients received pulmonary function test.Thus the time span from the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis to definitive diagnosis of COPD is long as well.

Objective To investigate changes of serum silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) and inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetes patients with different stages of diabetic nephropathy.To explore the relationship between serum Sirt1 level and inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetic patients with different urinary albumin excretion rates.Methods A total of 436 cases with type 2 diabetes were divided into three groups:normoalbuminuric [D1,n =168],microalbuminuric [D2;n =152],and macroalbuminuric [D3,n =116].Serum Sirt1,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α),early growth response protein 1 (EGR1),insulin-like growth factors-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ),and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The levels of serum Sirt1 in type 2 diabetes patients were significantly lower than that in control group,and with the increase of urinary protein excretion rate,the levels of serum Sirt1 in group D1,D2 and D3 were decreased gradually (P ＜ 0.01).Compared to control,serum inflammatory cytokines (HIF-1α,EGR1,IGF-Ⅰ,and MCP-1) levels were significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patients and gradually increased in the patients of D1,D2 and D3 groups (P ＜0.01).Furthermore,Serum Sirt1 was negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines.Age,duration,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),low density lipoprotein (LDL),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),serum creatinine (Scr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),uric acid (UA),HIF-1α,EGR1,IGF-Ⅰ,and MCP-1 were positively correlated with Ln Koc of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio [Ln(ACR)] (P ＜ 0.05);and Sirt1 were negatively correlated with Ln(ACR)(P ＜ 0.01).HIF-1α,MCP-1,IGF-Ⅰ,duration,BUN,Sirt1,UA,LDL,and EGR1 were independent factors that significantly influenced Ln (ACR) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Serum Sirt1 might be a new target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.Enhancing serum Sirt1 levels might have a role in delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To assess the application of the phage amplified biologically assay (PhaB) in the detection of the mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in sputum.Methods To determine the TB patients in the 53 suspected patients we detected 53 sputum samples by PhaB method,BACTEC MGIT960 rapid culture method,and conventional methods (direct auramine smear microscopy and concentrated auramine smear microscopy) individually.Results TB positive samples detected by PhaB,BACTEC MGIT960 rapid culture,direct auramine smear microscopy and concentrated auramine smear microscopy were 24,22,11 and 17 respectively.Thus the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 86.4%,83.9%,79.2% and 89.7%,when the PhaB is combined with concentrated auramine smear microscopy,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were increased up to 90.9%,83.9%,80.8% and 92.9%.Conclusion PhaB method is a simple and rapid method to detect the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in sputum with a relatively higher sensitivity and specificity than the conventional methods.When combined with concentrated auramine smear microscopy,PhaB method is even more sensitive.Thus the PhaB method is accessible and applicable in the clinical use of the TB detection.

Objective To find out the relationship between the serum resistin levels and obesity, insulin sensitivity, blood-glucose as well as blood lipid in the elderly with diabetes. Methods Senile patients (51) suffering from type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic controls(42) were selected. Their serum resistin levels after an overnight fasting were measured by competitive ELISA. Other data including fasting blood-glucose, insulin, blood lipid, insulin sensitivity index, waistline, hipline and WHR were measured. Results (1)In non-diabetic controls, fasting resistin level was significantly higher in obese subjects than that in those persons with normal weight (P

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate effects of magnesium sulfate(MgSO4) on pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease(CPHD). Methods: Eight patients with CPHD undergone right-heart catheterization. The parameters of hemodynamics and arterial blood gases in patients were measured before and after MgSO4 intravenous infusion(2% MgSO4,40 mg/min). Results: Mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR),mean systemic artery pressure(mSAP), and total systemic vascular resistance(TSVR) significantly decreased(P＜0.05) at 30 minutes after MgSO4 infusion. The decreased percentage of mPAP and PVR at 60 minute after MgSO4 infusion was 13.37% and 18.70% respectively(P＜0.05), but mSAP and TPVR decreased only by 8.15% and 7.43% respectively. The decreased degree of mPAP and PVR at 60 minutes after MgSO4 infusion significantly correlated with mPAP(r=0.712, P＜0.05)and PVR(r=0.802, P＜0.01) before MgSO4 infusion. No unfavorable effect of MgSO4 on other parameters of hemodynamics and arterial blood gases was found. Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate can attenuate pulmonary hypertension in patients with CPHD but may cause transient systemic hypotension.

Objective: Our aim was to study the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and mechanism of QF-8 (the extract of baihua qianhu, a Chinese traditional medicine) in lowering pulmonary hypertension. Methods: The indexes of hemodynamics and the levels of plasma ET-1 in systemic vein, pulmonary artery, and systemic artery in 11 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were measured with right-heart catheterization and radioimmunoassay. Results: The ET-1 level in patients was significantly higher in systemic vein than that in 15 controls (P<0.01), pulmonary artery (P<0.05), and systemic artery (P<0.01). The levels of plasma ET-1 in patients had significant negative correlation with PaO2 and positive correlation with pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI). After taking QF-8, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and PVRI significantly decreased, meanwhile, the levels of plasma ET-1 in systemic vein, pulmonary artery, and systemic artery also decreased by 25%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. Conclusion: Abnormality in synthesis or secretion of ET-1 may play a role in the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The effect of QF-8 on pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD may be related with its inhibition on the synthesis or secretion of ET-1.

The different levels and clinical significance of high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP) , tumor necrosis factor-a ( TNF-α) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) , and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (uMCP-1) in 84 type 2 diabetic patients with different urine albumin excretion (UAE) were observed. The results indicated that the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α,urinary MCP-1 ,and ESR in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in control group,and the first three indexes increased with the levels of UAE. The results suggest that diabetic nephropathy seems to be correlated with inflammatory reactions.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of different dietary pattern and soybean oligosac-charides supplementation on the amount and proportion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Method: Twelve healthy students aged 20 to 25 years old were selected in the medical college. The study included 3 periods. In every period the students accepted different dietary patterns in 1st week [1. low animal food diet (LAFD),2. balanced food diet (BD), 3. high animal food diet (HAFD)]. Soybean oligosaccharides (5g/d) were added to different diets in 2nd week. The diet in 1st week was recovered in 3rd week. The study lasted for 9 w. Feces were collected once a week and SCFA was measured by capillary gas chromatography. Results: The total SCFA in feces were increased after taking LAFD, more prominent in acetic acid and butyric acid (P

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 pPIC9-LL-37, and transform the plasmid pPIC9-LL-37 into P.pastoris GS115 to obtain the recombinant P.pastoris strains.Methods The full-length of antimicsobial peptide LL-37 gene was artificially synthesized by overlap extension method and was fused to pPIC9 and then the fused plasmid was transformed into E.coli DH5?.After analysis by PCR and sequencing,the plasmid pPIC9-LL-37 was transformed into P.pastoris.The colonies exhibiting the phenotype of His+Mut+ or His+Mut-were screened by means of MM and MD plates and the insertion was confirmed by PCR.Results The results of PCR and sequencing confirmed that the LL-37 gene was correctly inserted into pPIC9. The colonies of 10 His+Mut+ and 9 His+Mut-were obtained by means of MM and MD plates screening and were confirmed by PCR.Conclsion The recombinant P.pastoris strains containing LL-37 were successfully obtained.