Objective To investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of hamster primary cortical neurons by using the whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in a Mg2+-free cell model of epilepsy.Methods The cerebral cortex were isolated for primary neuron culture from neonatal Syrian hamsters 1-2 days after birth.After 12 days,primary neurons were exposed to normal external(Mg2+group)or Mg2+-free external(Mg2+-free group)respectively for 3 hours,followed by a 24-hour incubation in normal culture medium.Excitatory postsynaptic currents(EPSC)and excitatory postsynaptic potentials(EPSP)were recorded in voltage clamp mode and current clamp mode using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings,respectively.Results Compared to Mg2+group,the frequency of EPSC[(124.38±75.15)Hz vs.(33.93±22.32)Hz,P<0.001](P<0.001)and EPSP[(37.05±38.37)Hz vs.(5.63±9.52)Hz,P<0.01]in primary cortical neurons from the Mg2+-free group increased significantly.Meanwhile,there were no statistically significant differences in the amplitude,area under the curve and half-width of EPSC and EPSP between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The present study demonstrates an increase in excitability of primary hamsters cortical neurons after Mg2+depletion,suggesting that these neurons can be utilized to use to create cell models of epilepsy.

Objective To study the clinicopathological features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma to pro-vide a basis for the differential diagnosis of whether it originates from endometrioid cyst.Methods A total of 30 patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma receiving treatment in Jinjiang Municipal Hospital from January 2009 to December 2022 were collected as the research subjects.The patients not originating from endometrioid cysts were included in the control group(n=15)and the patients originating from endometrioid cysts were in-cluded in the observation group(n=15).Macroexamination,microscopic examination,hematoxylin-eosin stai-ning and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics.The gener-al data and pathological examination results of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results Among the two groups,there were 22 cases(73.33％)of clear cells,3 cases(10.00％)of shoe-tack like cells,2 cases(6.67％)with about half of each cell type,and 3 cases(10.00％)of hyaline bodies or eosinophils.There were 27 cases(90.00％)of aspartic acid peptidase A(Napsin-A)positive and 29 cases(96.67％)of hepatocyte nu-clear factor-1β(HNF-1β)positive.Staging,ascites,lymph node metastasis,abdominal/pelvic metastasis,CA125,complicating endometrioid cyst,coffee-colored fluid in the sac,uneven thickness of the cyst wall,men-strual disorders and infertility all were the influencing factors of ovarian clear cell carcinoma originating from endometrioid cyst(P＜0.05).Conclusion The relevant pathological features could provide an important ref-erence base for the clinical differential diagnosis of whether ovarian clear cell carcinoma originates from endo-metrioid cysts,and it is of great significance to improve the detection rate of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical diseases, mainly in men and elderly people, and its occurrence and development are related to many risk factors. At present, inguinal hernia can only be cured with surgery, which requires the selection of surgical methods based on patients′ conditions, medical resources and surgeons′ skills. With the aging of the popula-tion, it is expected that the number of inguinal hernia patients will continue to increase. The authors review the epidemiology, risk factors and characteristics of surgical treatment mode of inguinal hernia based on the epidemiological studies of inguinal hernia in recent years.

Objective:To develop and evaluate the efficacy and safety of a three-dimensional (3D) digestive endoscope for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) through animal experiments.Methods:Two Dutch pigs were utilized from the Zhengzhou University Animal Experiment Center for the study. ESD procedures were performed by two senior endoscopists, one using 3D glasses and the other utilizing a 3D high-definition head display. The success of ESD was assessed based on predefined criteria, including completion of surgical steps, complete detachment of the presumptive lesion, and effective bleeding control during and after the surgery. The number of successful procedures and incidences of perforation were recorded. The stereoscopic experience of the endoscopists, including both the primary endoscopist and the assistant, was also evaluated. Furthermore, the assessment encompassed any reported symptoms of eye discomfort, such as eye fatigue, ocular pain, and blurred vision. Additionally, the confidence level of the endoscopists in the mechanical aspects of the operation, as well as encountered issues during the endoscopic procedures, were documented.Results:Two ESD were successful and no perforation occurred. Feedback from endoscopists suggested that 3D digestive endoscopy offered clear images with enhanced three-dimensionality during surgery, clear sense of distance and layering, allowing for a precise judgment of bleeding points, which surpassed 2D capabilities. No eye discomfort was experienced by endoscopists or assistants during or after the procedures. While endoscopists exhibited high confidence in 3D digestive endoscopy, they noted issues with image blurring when the camera was positioned less than 10 mm from the gastrointestinal tract wall.Conclusion:Preliminary results show that 3D digestive endoscopes can provide excellent stereo imaging, improved positioning accuracy, and safety during live animal stomach ESD procedures, without significantly increasing endoscopists' eye discomfort. Nevertheless, efforts are needed to address image blurring concerns when the camera is close to the gastrointestinal tract wall.

Bupleuri radix is the dried root of Bupleuri radix or narrow-leaved Bupleuri radix of the umbelliferae family,and it is the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,which was first published in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica.It has a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,antitumor,antidepressant,et al.In the modern study,the extract of Bupleuri radix mainly includes a variety of chemical components such as Bupleuri radix saponin,flavonoids and volatile oil.By reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad,this paper summarizes the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Bupleuri radix,and points out the future research direction to provide a certain reference basis for the subsequent research.

Cervical cancer, the most common gynecological malignancy, significantly and adversely affects women's physical health and well-being. Traditional surgical interventions and chemotherapy, while potentially effective, often entail serious side effects that have led to an urgent need for novel therapeutic methods. Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising approach due to its ability to minimize damage to healthy tissue. Connecting a biothiol detection group to PTT-sensitive molecules can improve tumor targeting and further minimize potential side effects. In this study, we developed a near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF)/photoacoustic (PA) dual-mode probe, S-NBD, which demonstrated robust PTT performance. This innovative probe is capable of activating NIRF/PA signals to enable the detection of biothiols with high emission wavelength (838 nm) and large Stokes shift (178 nm), allowing for in vivo monitoring of cancer cells. Additionally, the probe achieved an outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of 67.1%. The application of laser irradiation (660 nm, 1.0 W/cm², 5 min) was able to achieve complete tumor ablation without recurrence. In summary, this seminal study presents a pioneering NIRF/PA dual-mode dicyanoisophorone-based probe for biothiol imaging, incorporating features from PTT for the first time. This pioneering approach achieves the dual objectives of improving tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) in regulating the siderophore enterobactin-related gene entC of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Methods:A mutant strain with crp gene deletion strain (Δ crp) and a complementary strain (c-Δ crp) were constructed using CRKP-27 as the wild-type strain. The influence of CRP on the secretion of siderophore by CRKP was analyzed by chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS) quantitative assay. RT-qPCR and lacZ reporter gene fusion assay were used to detect the regulatory effect of CRP on entC gene expression and its promoter. Electric mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to detect the binding of CRP to the entC promoter region and the binding sequence was analyzed by DNase Ⅰ footprinting assay. Results:The Δ crp and c-Δ crp strains were successfully constructed. Compared with the wild-type and c-Δ crp strains, the Δ crp strain could secrete more siderophore under both normal and iron-deficient conditions, but the difference was statistically significant only under normal condition ( P<0.05). The relative expression of entC gene at mRNA level was significantly lower in the Δ crp strain than that in the wild-type and c-Δ crp strains under both normal and iron-deficient conditions (both P<0.05). The promoter of entC gene in the Δ crp strain was less active than that in the wild-type and c-Δ crp strains under both normal and iron-deficient conditions (both P<0.05). EMSA showed that with the increase of CRP protein, the distance of entC probe from the positive pole was shortened and blocked. DNase Ⅰ footprinting assay further identified the specific binding site of the entC promoter region to CRP as 5′-AAGGTGATAAATGCGTCTCATTTTCAA-3′. Conclusions:The CRP protein in CRKP could specifically bind to the entC promoter region and directly promote its expression at transcriptional level.

Background: Hemangioma is a vasogenic benign tumor commonly seen in the head and neck. However, it is rare in gastrointestinal tract and can cause symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain, and it also can be life-threatening in severe cases. Aims: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of gastrointestinal hemangioma, and to provide appropriate therapy for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal hemangioma. Methods: The patients with gastrointestinal hemangioma from August 2011 to October 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were collected, and the clinical data, examination results, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 51 patients with gastrointestinal hemangioma were included, the ratio of male to female was 1.43:1, and the average age was (46.2±19.2) years old. Single gastrointestinal hemangioma was found in 45 patients (88.24%), and 18 lesions (35.29%) were in the esophagus, followed by the stomach (15.69%), small intestine (15.69%), colon (11.76%), and rectum (9.80%). The majority of patients were asymptomatic (50.98%), while 15 patients (29.41%) were presented by gastrointestinal bleeding. Thirty-two patients (62.75%) underwent endoscopic treatment, including 25 patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 6 patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 1 patient underwent endoscopic ligation. Nineteen patients (37.25%) underwent surgical surgery, including 5 patients underwent transrectal lesion resection, 1 patient underwent small intestinal lesion resection and 13 patients underwent resection of digestive tract. All patients recovered well after surgery. The average follow-up period was (61±32) months. One patient relapsed 1 year after surgery, 4 patients died of other diseases, and the remaining patients did not occur tumor recurrence, and 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal hemangioma is rare and has no specific clinical symptoms. Endoscopy is important for its diagnosis, and endoscopic therapy is safe and effective for patients with indications.

Owing to the inherent shortcomings of traditional therapeutic drugs in terms of inadequate therapeutic efficacy and toxicity in clinical treatment, nanomedicine designs have received widespread attention with significantly improved efficacy and reduced non-target side effects. Nanomedicines hold tremendous theranostic potential for treating, monitoring, diagnosing, and controlling various diseases and are attracting an unfathomable amount of input of research resources. Against the backdrop of an exponentially growing number of publications, it is imperative to help the audience get a panorama image of the research activities in the field of nanomedicines. Herein, this review elaborates on the development trends of nanomedicines, emerging nanocarriers, in vivo fate and safety of nanomedicines, and their extensive applications. Moreover, the potential challenges and the obstacles hindering the clinical translation of nanomedicines are also discussed. The elaboration on various aspects of the research trends of nanomedicines may help enlighten the readers and set the route for future endeavors.