ObjectiveTo explore the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) on regeneration of distal axon in sciatic nerve after cfrush injury. MethodDistal axon was assessed by quantitavtive and qualitative analysis of pathology ResultLight microscope indicated thedensity of large diameter of peroneal-nerve was higher in study group compared with control group( P ＜0.01 ). No differences in density of littlediameter fiber were found between study and control group. EM showed the density of non-medullated fibers with diameter ＜0.5μm in studygroup was higher than that of control group. The numbers of layer in myelin was positively related to transverse axonal area( P ＜0.01 ) . The re-gression codfficient in study group wsa higher compared with control group( P = 0. 0023).ConclusionBDNF may promoted maturation ofsensoy nerve and formation of the myeline.

BACKGROUND:Ola rats is a kind of rats with genovariation, who displays Wallerian degeneration after peripheral neuroaxonal damage that is slower than that normal 6J rats, thereby additional damage factor may help fully understand the property of Ola rats.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acrylamide on the degeneration and regeneration of sciatic nerve medullated fibers following crush injury of C57BL/Ola (Ola) rat and C57BL/6J (6J) rat.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology,Second People's hospital of Shenzhen; Department of Neurology of First hospital of Jilin University MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the neurological department in the University of Occupational and Environmental, Japan from January to June 1996. Twelve adult Ola rats and 6J rats were adopted and evenly randomly divided into experimental group and comparison group.METHODS: Rats were subjected to general anaesthesia, and then the proximal section of sciatic nerve was exposed and frustrated with hemostatic forceps for 10 s before suture. Rats in the experimental group were given intraperitoneal injection of acrylamide in a total dosage of 350 mg, which replaced by the same volume of physiological saline in comparison group.At 14 days after sciatic nerve torsion injury, all rats were anaesthetized again and the distal section of sciatic nerve was obtained and cut into slices, meanwhile the cross sectional area, the density and size frequency distribution of medullated fibers, as well as the number of medullated fibers in each nerve were determined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The density and size frequency distribution of sciatic nerve medullated fibers, as well as the number, the maximum diameter and the mean diameter of medullated fibers in two group of 0la rats and 6J rats.RESULTS: Totally 12 Ola rats and 6J rats entered the result analysis.① No Ola rat displayed Wallerian degeneration; But medullated fiber degeneration and following neonatal small diameter medullated fibers could be observed in 6J rats. ②In the experimental group, the total density of sciatic nerve medullated fibers in 6J rats was lower than that of Ola rat (P ＜ 0.05) ;with the total number of medullated fibers in 6J rats also less than that of Ola rat (P ＜ 0.01 ), which predominated by obviously reduced big diameter fibers (P ＜ 0.01); The mean diameter of medullated fiber in 6J rats was also obviously smaller than that of 0la rat (P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: The Wallerian degeneration is extremely slow in Ola rat after torsion injury, which cannot be affected by acrylamide; while acrylamide has obvious inhibition on the axonal neogenesis in 6J rat after torsion injury.

Objective :To observate the axon changes in pathology of Ola mice,compared with those of 6Jmice. Methods:The peroneal nerve and sural nerve were studied by light-microscope and electronmi-croscope. Results :In light-microscope,the total transverse fascicular area was significantly large ;density ofmyelinated fibers was significantly less;the maximal diameter of myelinated fibers was significantly less;minimal diameter of myelinated fibers had no changens in 6J mice. The Ola mice were nomal. In electronmi-croscope observation, the neurofilament was accumulated within axons. Conclusion: In Ola mice treatedwith ACR,the like-Wallerian degeneration wes delayed. However,in 6J mice the neurofilament and mito-chondria accumulation was found within axons.

China ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

Objective To analyze the nutritional composition of lipids in silkworm chrysalis (Bombyx mori L.). Method Crude lipids were extracted by chloroform/methanol, and fatty acid, tocopherol, sterol and phospholipid composition in silkworm chrysalis were determined by GC, HPLC and TLC methods. Results Silkworm chrysalis was rich in lipid (32.79%) in which the most abundant fatty acids were C18:3 (32.79%), C18:1 (32.53%), C16:0 (22.42%), but C18:2 (4.37%), C18:0 (5.73%) and C16:1 (0.57%) were relatively less. The sterols included cholesterol (67.35%), ?-sitosterol (19.21%), and trace amount of campesterol (0.28%) and brassicasterol (0.30%). Total tocopherols detected were at an average concentration of 486 mg/kg, including ?-tocopherol (44.85%), ?(+ ? )-tocopherol (44.57%), and ?-tocopherol (10.85%). The phospholipid content was about 1.17mg/g, among which, phosphorylcholine about 41.8%. Conclusion Silkworm chrystalis (Bombyx mori L.) could be a good source of nutritional edible oil rich in unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipids, phytosterols and tocopherols, particularly ?-linolenic acid, ?-sistosterol and ?-tocopherol.

Objective To prepare nephritis dripping pills and study its pharmacodynamic effects. Methods The nephritis dripping pills were self-made, and the preparation was optimized by using orthogonal method. The model of chronic renal failure was established through resection of 5/6 kidney, the effect of nephritis dripping pills on rats was investigated by urinary protein and renal pathology analysis. Results The optimal preparation for nephritis dripping pills was as follows:taking PEG4000:PEG6000 =2:1, drug:matrix =1:3, setting temperature at 80 ℃ and dropping distance as 7 cm. The pharmacodynamic results showed that:compared with the model control groups, the nephritis dropping pills and renal failure pills significantly reduced the 24 h urine protein levels (P<0. 01),and the nephritis dripping pills were significant superior to renal failure pills (P<0. 05). The histopathological results showed that the renal tubular of treated groups remitted to normal, renal interstitial presented a small amount of inflammation cell infiltration and renal interstitial fibrosis was suppressed. Conclusion The preparation of nephritis dripping pills is relatively stable,and have good therapeutic effects on chronic renal failure,but the optimal dose should be further verified.

Objective　To observe the differential pathological changes in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in Ola mice and 6J mice after acrylamide intoxication. Methods　Purkinje cells were studied by light microscope and electron microscope. Results　Under light microscope,Purkinje cells in 6J mice were densely stained and irregular in cell shape.Under electron microscope,parts of the plasma membrane projection containing some smooth tubular endoplasmic reticula were found occasionally,and the membrane became split and thickened.These abnormal changes were not found in Ola mice. Conclusion　Acrylamide intoxication may induce pathological changes in Purkinje cells of 6J mice which may be the pathological basis of ataxia.

Objective　To observe the differential pathological changes in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in Ola mice and 6J mice after acrylamide intoxication. Methods　Purkinje cells were studied by light microscope and electron microscope. Results　Under light microscope,Purkinje cells in 6J mice were densely stained and irregular in cell shape.Under electron microscope,parts of the plasma membrane projection containing some smooth tubular endoplasmic reticula were found occasionally,and the membrane became split and thickened.These abnormal changes were not found in Ola mice. Conclusion　Acrylamide intoxication may induce pathological changes in Purkinje cells of 6J mice which may be the pathological basis of ataxia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of brain energy metabolism following acrylamide (ACR) poisoning.

METHODSCreatie kinase (CK), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate(ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP) and glucose contents in brain were observed in O1a mice and 6J mice following ACR intoxication by enzyme analytical method.

RESULTSATP, CK and glucose levels decreased transiently in O1a mice, while ATP level in 6J mice was significantly decreased (1.76 mumol/g, P < 0.01), as compared to the control (2.53 mumol/g) but ADP and AMP were increased, glucose was decreased. The activity of CK in poisoned group (1.13 mumol/g, P < 0.01) was lower than that of control (3.16 mumol/g and lasted for 5 weeks).

CONCLUSIONThe influence of ACR on O1a mice was slight and reversible but on 6J mice was severe and lasting. There was severe damage to the potential energy supply compensation, which might be the biochemical basis of neuron damage induced by acrylamide.

Acrylamide ; poisoning ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; analysis ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Creatine Kinase ; analysis ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Glucose ; analysis ; Mice

Objective:To investigate association between genetic polymorphism in the grainyhead-like 2 gene (GRHL2)and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)in the Chinese population.Methods:A matched case-control association study was employed,In which,3 790 workers exposed to continuous and steady-state occupational noise in a steel factory participated.The questionnaires were adopted to col-lect individual features and audiometry tests performed.In the sstudy,286 subjects were diagnosed as ca-ses,Which were each designated on the basis of the matched criterion,and 286 paired samples were se-lected finally.Noise intensity was measured according to the standards given in ‘Measurement of Noise in the Workplace’(Occupational Health Standard of the People’s Republic of China,GBZ /T1 89.8 -2007).Cumulative noise exposure (CNE)was calculated,according to monitoring data on A-weighed sound pressure level and employment time.Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples using 2 mL DNA extraction Kit following the manufacturer’s protocol.Five single nucleotide polymor-phisms (SNPs)of GRHL2 were genotyped by multiplex SNP genotyping kit.The continuous variables and categorical variables were analyzed by t-test and chi-square test respectively.Multivariate Logistic re-gression was used to test the association between genetic frequency and disease status,with adjustments for the possible confounding variables.The haplotypes were established and their frequencies in the two groups were assessed by haploview and phase softwares.Results:All the five SNPs (rs373571 3, rs3824090,rs373571 4,rs373571 5 and rs61 1 41 9)were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE)(P >0.05).The subjects carrying rs373571 5 GG genotype had a higher NIHL risk than those carrying the GA genotype under the co-dominant model (OR =0.644,95% CI:0.442 -0.939,P =0.022)after ad-justment for height,blood pressure,drinking status and smoking status.After being stratified by CNE,in the CNE ≥ 98 dB (A)group,rs373571 5 polymorphism was associated with the NIHL under the co-dominant model (OR =0.509,95% CI:0.281 -0.923,P =0.026)after adjustment for height,blood pressure,drinking status and smoking status as well.However,no statistical significant difference was found in variant genotypes of the other SNPs between the case and control subjects.Four-locus (rs373571 3,rs3824090,rs373571 4 and rs373571 5)haplotypes were constructed,and no risk or protec-tive haplotypes was identified.Conclusion:It is suggested that GRHL2 polymorphisms may be associated with development of NIHL.