Objective To establish a method for ex vivo cord blood stem cell expansion,increase the number of the stem/progenitor,especially megakaryocyte progenitors so as to decrease the thrombocytopenia period after CBT.Methods Mononuclear cells (MNC) from 20 cord blood samples were cultured in presence of different cytokines:group 1:IL 3,IL 6,group 2:IL 3,IL 6,TPO,group 3:IL 3,IL 6,TPO and cord blood plasma.The final concentration of the cytokines was 50ng/ml.The control group had all medium except the cytokines and cord blood plasma.The cells were cultured for 21 days.At every 7 days,tests were done for nucleate cells number,CFU GM,CFU Mk,and CFU GEMM.Results At different times and in different groups,there were different changes.For NC,maximal increase were obtained in group 3 on day 21,which was 239.65?153.48.For CFU GM,the biggest expansion occurred on day 21 in group 3,the number being 184.17?140.40.For CFU Mk,the biggest expansion was obtained on day 14 in group 3,with the number of 135.34?105.20. The immature progenitor CFU GEMM achieved the max increase in group 3 on day 14,the number was 49.39?36.68. Conclusion The expansion of CFU Mk progenitor cells can be obtained in the presence of IL 3,IL 6,TPO.This combination also enhances the expansion of CFU GM and CFU GEMM.Addition of cord blood plasma can promote the expansion of mature and immature progenitor cells.

Attention is being paid to the treatment of hyperopia(presbyopia) with laser thermokeratoplasty.This article mainly presents the theory of laser thermokeratoplasty(LTK),equipment configuration and some key techniques in laser delivery system.

Objective To investigate methods and effects of percutaneous choledochoscopy via cholangio-jejunal anastomotic stoma in the treatment of recurrent intrahepatic biliary duct stones. Methods Eight cases of recurrent intrahepatic biliary duct stones after a Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomy from January 2000 to February 2005 were treated with percutaneous choledochoscopy. An enterostomy was made at the afferent jejunal loop. Then a choledochoscope was introduced into the intrahepatic biliary ducts by way of the cholangio-jejunal anastomotic stoma for stone removal and intrahepatic duct or anastomotic stoma dilatation. Results The intrahepatic stones were thoroughly removed in all the 8 cases. The biliary duct stenosis in 4 cases and the anastomotic stoma stenosis in 2 cases were relieved. Follow-up checkups in the 8 cases for 1~3 years revealed no recurrence of intrahepatic stones or stenosis. Conclusions Percutaneous choledochoscopy via cholangio-jejunal anastomotic stoma is minimally-invasive, safe, feasible, and effective in the treatment of recurrent intrahepatic biliary duct stones.

Objective To discuss the etiology and treatment of extrahepatic biliary stenosis due to iatrogenic bile duct injuries. Methods A total of 12 cases of extrahepatic biliary stenosis after iatrogenic bile duct injuries(including 5 cases of open cholecystectomy and 7 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy) from January 1998 to January 2005 in this hospital was reviewed.After the establishment of a percutaneous transhepatic access,choledochoscopic stone removal,balloon dilatation,and drainage stent placement were performed for treating biliary stenosis.Results A F_(20) Gruntzig balloon catheter was employed for bile duct dilatation.The plastic drainage stent at 6~8 mm in diameter was successfully placed after 2 times of dilatation in 8 cases and after 3 times of dilatation in 4 cases,for 6~12 months of indwelling.Follow-up observations in the 12 cases for 2~3 years (mean,2.6 years) found no abdominal pain,fever,or jaundice.B-ultrasonography and MRCP findings showed no biliary stenosis and recurrent stones.Conclusions Choledochoscopic stone removal,balloon dilatation,and drainage stent placement are minimally invasive,safe,and effective in the treatment of extrahepatic biliary stenosis.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of volunteer blood donors with regular apheresis platelets in Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into recruitment of regular blood donors. Methods: Gender, age, occupation, educational level, and volume and times of blood donation were collected from volunteer blood donors with apheresis platelets in Zhoushan Central Blood Station during the period from 2019 to 2021 through the Zhejiang Provincial Blood Management Information System BIS version 3.0, and the willingness of blood donation, routes for acquiring blood donation knowledge and cause of blood donation were collected from volunteer blood donors with regular apheresis platelets using questionnaire surveys. The factors affecting regular apheresis platelets were identified among volunteer blood donors using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 236 volunteer blood donors participated in regular apheresis platelets in Zhoushan City from 2019 to 2021, accounting for 51.08% of all volunteer blood donors with regular apheresis platelets, and there were 1 488 blood donations, accounting for 71.23% of all volunteer blood donations with apheresis platelets. A total of 2 086.00 U platelets were donated, accounting for 71.82% of all volumes of volunteer blood donations with apheresis platelets. The volunteer blood donors included 160 men (67.80%) and 76 women (32.20%) and had an age of 35 (17) years. There were 63 employees (26.69%) and 111 with a bachelor degree and above (47.03%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a high proportion of regular blood donations among participants at ages of 31 to 60 years (OR:1.767-3.257, 95%CI: 1.010-6.250), university students (OR=2.598, 95%CI: 1.238-5.450) and civil servants (OR=2.733, 95%CI: 1.193-6.263). There were 228 participants with willingness to continue to participate in volunteer blood donation with regular apheresis platelets (96.61%), and 215 participants with a history of participating in volunteer blood donation surveys (91.10%). Internet was the predominant route for acquiring knowledge about apheresis platelet donation (41.10%), and “think that blood donation is a meaningful thing” was the predominant cause of participating in volunteer apheresis platelet donation (33.05%). Conclusions There is a high proportion of regular blood donation among civil servants and university students.

Objective To study the relationship between the level of fluoride in urine and the prevalence of dental caries in children before and after the defluoridation, and to provide a basis for assessment of the effects of defluoridation projects and for control of dental caries.Methods Wamiao Village, in Jiangsu Province, a formerly severe endemic fluorosis area, was selected to carry out the study.All children aged 8-13 years old before the defuoridation were investigated from September to November in 2002, and children 8-10 years old who were born after the defluoridation were investigated from September to November in 2013.Urinary fluoride level of the children and the prevalence of dental caries were determined, and their relationships were analyzed.The urina sanguinis samples of children were collected in the morning, and the urine fluoride level was tested using the fluoride ion selective electrode.Dental caries diagnoses was referenced to Dental Caries.Results Totally children's urine samples were 236 and 68 respectively before and after defluoridation.Urinary fluoride level of the children was significantly decreased from (3.53 ± 1.81)mg/L (before defluoridation) to (1.39 ± 0.66)mg/L (after defluoridation, t =9.506, P ＜ 0.01);the prevalence of dental caries was increased from 52.73％ (29/55, before defluoridation) to 63.24％ (43/68, after defluoridation), however, the difference was not significant (x2 =1.383, P ＞ 0.05).The DMFT increased from 1.18 (before defluoridation) to 1.68 (after defluoridation), and the epidemic levels of dental caries were all at lower levels.The relationship between urine fluoride level and the prevalence of dental caries as well as the DMFT before defluoridation was a U-shape dose-response curve;which was gone after defluoridation.Conclusions The urinary fluoride level is significantly decreased after defluoridation for 10 years, the prevalence of dental caries is increased but not significantly.The results of this study indicate that the measure of fluoridation to prevent dental caries needs to be further validated.

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Ki-67,p53,and survivin in esophageal cancer and precancerosis.Methods The expressions of Ki-67,p53,and survivin proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining in 40 normal esophageal mucosa,136 precancerosis (42 mild atypical hyperplasia,43 moderate atypical hyperplasia,and 51 severe atypical hyperplasia),and 68 esophageal cancer tissues.The correlation of three proteins expressed in esophageal carcinoma tissues was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of Ki-67 was 0 (0/40)for normal epithelium,35.7％ (15/42) for mild dysplasia,51.2％ (22/43) for moderate dysplasia,74.5％ (38/51) for severe dysplasia,92.6％ (63/68) for squamous carcinoma,respectively.The positive expression rate of p53 protein was 0 (0/40) for normal epithelium,28.6％ (12/42) for mild dysplasia,46.5％ (20/43) for moderate dysplasia,52.9％ (27/51) for severe dysplasia,67.6％ (46/68) for squamous carcinoma,respectively.The positive expression rate of survivin protein was 0 (0/40) for normal epithelium,38.1％ (16/42) for mild dysplasia,55.8％ (24/43) for moderate dysplasia,64.7％ (33/51) for severe dysplasia,89.7％ (61/68) for squamous carcinoma,respectively.Rank correlation analysis showed that abnormal expressions of Ki-67,p53,and survivin were correlated significantly with the pathological grading of the lesions (r =0.637,0.454,0.590,P ＜0.01).The expressions of Ki-67,p53,and survivin were positively correlated in esophageal carcinoma (r =0.407,0.646,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The abnormal expressions of Ki67,p53,and survivin were associated with the processes of the esophageal canceration,and the joint detection with three parameters has important clinical value.

Objective To analyse effect of berberine combined with levofloxacin on myocardial enzymes, isozymes and serum inflammatory factors in children with diarrhea.Methods 58 patients who were diagnosed with pediatric infectious diarrhea in our hospital were collected.All patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 29 cases in each group.two groups of patients were given routine treatment, including infusion, maintaining water and electrolyte balance, supplemental calories etc.On the basis of routine treatment, control group was intravenous dripped with levofloxacin injection 200mL,one times per day,and experimental group was treated with berberine hydrochloride tables 0.2 g orally on the basis of control group.The treatment period was one week of two group.After one week of treatment, the serum levels of myocardial enzymes, isozymes, inflammatory factors and clinical curative effect were detected in all patients.Results Compared with control group post-treatment,the serum AST,ALT and LDH levels were lower than that of experimental group(P<0.05);the serum CK and CK-MB levels were lower than that of experimental group(P<0.05);the serum TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower than that of experimental group(P<0.05);the total effective rate was higher in experimental group(P<0.05).Conclusion The berberine combined with levofloxacin can significantly reduce the serum myocardial enzymes, isozymes and serum inflammatory factors in children with diarrhea, improve clinical curative effect.