To explore the application of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser delivered via bronchofiberscope in the treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis. 36 patients with a diagnosis of endobronchial tuberculosis, with age ranging from 15 to 40 y were treated with KTP laser between Dec. 2002 and July 2004 (designated as treatment group). The other 36 patients diagnosed as having endobronchial tuberculosis (aged 18 to 42 y, with a mean age of 33. 5 y) without having received KTP laser treatment were included in a control group. Our results showed that the effective rates, in terms of recovery of bronchial lumen and cleanup of caseous necrotic mass were significantly higher in the treatment group 8 weeks after the treatment (P<0.01), and the healing rates of atelectasis and obstructive infection were also significantly higher in the treatment group (P<0.05 and P<0.01), but the incidence of complication after 8 weeks was no significant difference (P >0.05). No significant changes were found in SaO2 and HR before, during and after the operation in the treatment group (P>0.05). It is concluded that KTP laser is an effective therapy for endobronchial tuberculosis.

AIM:To design a signal collecting system of urethral internal pressure based on embedded microprocessor(ARM).METHODS:Based on ARM,the signal collecting module of urethral internal pressure and signal amplifier circuit were designed with sensor technology.The A/D transition circuit was improved by signal feedback theory to increase measurement accuracy.The software of sensor temperature drift was rectified by second linear interpolation so to enhance the accuracy of data collection.RESULTS:In simulated static urethral internal pressure collection,the signals of urethral internal pressure that sensor collected were corresponded with the location completely and send them into RAM of ARM for following analysis.CONCLUSION:The ARM-based signal collecting system of urethral internal pressure has simple circuit,reliability,lower power consumption,high precision and strong spot data analysis.

Paridis Rhizoma is a rare Chinese herbal medicine with variety of medicinal values. In recent years, the demand for Paridis Rhizoma has increased gradually. Artificial cultivation has met difficulties, while exploitation of wild resources was caught in a vicious circle and has overdrawn seriously. So it is of great significance to enhance the protection of Paridis Rhizoma, carry out basic research, in order to solve problems in seeding breeding, promote artificial cultivation to meet the market need and achieve sustainable development and supply. This article reviewed the status qua of seedling breeding of Paridis Rhizoma, including seed breeding, tuber breeding and tissue culture, with a purpose to standardize planting of resource conservation and utilization of Paridis Rhizoma.

Objective To evaluate the role of laparoscopic exploration in patients with chronic abdominal pain. Methods Sixty patients with chronic abdominal pain were selected for laparoscopic evaluation. Results of 60 patients, 35 cases were operated on by laparoscopic appendectomy and lysis of adhesion,20 cases by lysis of ad- hesion simply, and 5 cases by simple irrigation of the pelvis. Forty five patients were followed up from 0.5 to 5 years, complete pain relief rate was 53 % (24/45), partial pain relief rate was 29% (13/45), the other 18% (8/45)got no im- provement of their addominal pain. Conclusions Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment in patients with chronic ab- dominal pain have the following advantages: extensive exploration, multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment in combi- nation, as well as accuracy and effectiveness.

Background and purpose:The prognostic capability of traditional prognostic index like follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) is limited in the rituximab era. This study was to investigate the prognostic significance of peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count/absolute monocyte count (ALC/AMC) in Chinese patients with follicular lymphoma (FL).Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 136 newly diagnosed FL patients who received rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP)-like chemotherapy in Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2013, and further classified these patients according to FLIPI scoring system.Results:According to FLIPI, 61 patients (44.9%) were stratified into the low-risk (0-1 points) group, 42 cases (30.9%) into the intermediate-risk (2 points) group, and 33 cases (24.2%) into the high-risk (3-5 points) group. The overall response rate and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) of the 3 risk groups were 88.5%, 95.2%, and 78.8% (P=0.090), and 91.4%, 74.6%, and 47.8% (log-rank=23.3,P<0.001), respectively. The overall response rate and 2-year PFS for patients with ALC/AMC≥4.7 and <4.7 were 91.9%, 68.6% (P=0.005) and 96.0%, 69.7% (log-rank=13.0,P<0.001), respectively. In the multivariate study, ALC/AMC≥4.7 was independent of FLIPI and was able to distinguish the FLIPI low-risk and intermediate-risk patients (log-rank=7.535,P=0.006).Conclusion:For FL patients treated with R-CHOP-like regimens, ALC/AMC is a simple and effective biomarker reflecting tumor microenvironment and human immunity, and could be considered for prognosis evaluation.

Objective To examin and analyze the structure, ultrastructure and the circulation of the spleen ellipsoid in the soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiseus sinensis. Methods Twelve turtles were used and observed by light- and electron-microscopy and injection of ink suspension in this study. Results The spleen white pulp was consisted of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) and periellipsoidial lymphatic sheath (PELS). There was no lymphoid nodule in the spleen. Red pulp included splenic cords and splenic sinusoids. The marginal zone was not found in the turtle spleen. When the central arteriole left out of the PALS, it divided into several ellipsoid capillaries which were surround by the PELS. The end of the ellipsoid capillary opened directly to the splenic cord and the blood cells then entered into the splenic sinusoid through the gap between the endothelial cells. The ellipsoid capillary was consisted of simple cuboidal epithelium with an uncompleted basement membrane. The ellipsoid wall was consisted of supporting cells,ellipsoid-associated cells and reticular fibres. Lymphocytes and red cells were always found on the ellipsoid wall. After 40min of the injection of ink suspesion, much carbon particles of ink were restricted on the wall. Conclusion The ellipsoid capillary in the soft-shelled turtle, just like the high endothelial venule, was the important passage of the lymphocytes and blood cells going out and into the lymph tissue. The splenic circulation in the turtle belongs to the opening model.

Objective To explore the correlation between hypoglycemia and the increased mortality of patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 120 patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2011 to December 2014. The patients were divided into three groups: hypoglycemia group (glucose < 5.0 mmol/L, 21 cases), normoglycemia group (glucose 5.1 - 10.0 mmol/L, 84 cases), and hyperglycemia group (glucose > 10.0 mmol/L, 15 cases). The differences in hepatic carcinoma, decompensation symptoms, the incidence of known glycometabolic disorder, hospitalization situation, indicators of liver function and indexes of blood gas analysis were compared among three groups. The patients' age, hepatic carcinoma, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, encephalopathy, bleeding, jaundice and glycometabolic disorder, etc were analyzed by the univariate analysis. The resulting risk factors with statistically significant differences were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method in order to screen out the risk factors of increased mortality.Results The incidences of hepatorenal syndrome [42.9% (9/21) vs. 22.6% (19/84), 33.3% (5/15)] and jaundice [38.1% (7/21) vs. 20.2% (17/84), 13.3% (2/15)], rate of admission into intensive care unit (ICU) [14.3% (3/21) vs. 10.7% (9/84), 13.3% (2/15)] and in-hospital mortality [23.8% (5/21) vs. 10.7% (9/84), 20.0% (3/15)] in the hypoglycemia group were significantly higher than those in the normoglycemia group and hyperglycemia group (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01). The levels of aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), serum creatinine (SCr) and international normalized ratio (INR) in hypoglycemia group were obviously higher than those in normoglycemia group and hyperglycemia group [AST (U/L): 628.412±78.625 vs. 170.167±87.035, 156.716±98.047; TBil (μmol/L): 154.122±34.201 vs. 86.712±48.905, 74.313±39.883; SCr (μmol/L): 160.243±56.341 vs. 107.211±59.692, 121.342±84.059; INR: 1.951±0.987 vs. 1.439±0.919, 1.423±0.653,P < 0.05 orP < 0.01]. The levels of HCO3- and base excess (BE) in hypoglycemia group were signicantly lower than those of normoglycemia group and hyperglycemia group [HCO3- (mmol/L): 18.154±10.937 vs. 23.135±11.119, 19.081±12.022; BE (mmol/L): -7.578±2.042 vs. -1.648±0.887, -5.402±2.005, allP < 0.01]. The pH value among three groups showed significant difference (7.352±2.878, 7.461±2.036, 7.219±2.017,P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in alanine transaminase (ALT), blood ammonium, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and lactate among the three groups (all P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that advanced age, hepatic carcinoma, hepatorenal syndrome, bleeding, jaundice and glycometabolic disorder hypoglycemia were the risk factors of the death in patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age [odds ratio (OR) = 2.101, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.297 - 3.403,P = 0.000], hepatorenal syndrome (OR = 3.032, 95%CI = 1.462 - 6.286,P = 0.000) and hypoglycemia (OR = 3.267, 95%CI = 2.135 - 4.999,P = 0.031) were the independent risk factors of the patients' death.Conclusion Hypoglycemia has certain correlation to the increase of mortality in patients with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the adeno-associated virus (AAV)gene transduction and cellular endocytosis mediated by ultrasound combined with microbubbles in two types of cells.Methods HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells were infected by rAAV2-EGFP at a concentration gradient to get the optimal concentrations for enhancement.At these concentrations,HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells were infected by rAAV2-EGFP mediated by ultrasound combined with microbubbles.The gene transduction efficiency were observed and measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry at 48 h after treatment.The cell viability was tested by CCK-8.The number and distribution of cellular clathrin-coated endocytic pits were observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on 45 min after treatment.Results The optimal concentrations for HeLa and NIH/3T3 cells were 2000 v.g./cell and 10000 v.g./cell.Ultrasound combined with microbubbles significantly enhanced the transduction efficiency of rAAV2-EGFP (P <0.01) without significant cell viability decrease (P > 0.05 ).Confocal fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that clathrin-coated endocytic pits were more obviously increased in ultrasound combined with microbubbles mediated AAV transduction group than AAV transduction group. Conclusions Ultrasound combined with microbubbles can efficiently enhance the gene transduction of AAV,whose cellular transportation depends on cellular endocytosis,in two types of cells.Stimulating cellular endocytosis might be one of the mechanisms of enhanced cellular transportation of AAV mediated by ultrasound combined with microbubbles.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of rhein lysinate (RHL)on the blood vessel damage induced by oxidative stress in the mice,and to explore its mechanism.Methods The mouse models of oxidative damage were established by intraperitoneal injection of paraquat.30 C57 mice were randomly divided into control, paraquat model,and RHL prevention groups.The mice in RHL prevention group were given RHL by gavage for one week before performing model.The mice in other two groups were given equal volume of distilled water.For making model,paraquat was intraperitoneally injected in the mice in paraquat model and RHL prevention groups once a week for two weeks.The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the content of serum malonaldehyde (MDA) of the mice were detected 2 weeks after modeling. The pathological profile of blood vessel was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE)staining and the level of reactive oxygen species was observed by DCFH-DA staining.The expressions of genes related to blood vessel damage were detected by Western blotting method.Results Compared with control group,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased and the content of MDA was increased in paraquat model group (P < 0.05 ). Compared with paraquat model group,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased and the content of MDA was decreased in RHL prevention group (P <0.05).The pathological examination indicated the structure of blood vessel of the mice was damaged and the level of reactive oxygen species of blood vessel was increased (P <0.05)in paraquat model group.The pathological changes were significantly improved and the level of reactive oxygen species of blood vessel of the mice was decreased (P < 0.05 )in RHL prevention group. The Western blotting analysis showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of nitric oxide endothelial synthase (eNOS)and caspase-3 of the mice in paraquat model group were decreased (P < 0.05),however the expression level of cleaved fragment of caspase-3 was increased (P < 0.05).Compared with paraquat model group,the expression levels of eNOS and caspase-3 of the mice in RHL prevention group were increased (P < 0.05 )and the expression level of cleaved fragment of caspase-3 was decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion Paraquat could induce vascular cell damage in vivo through increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species, and RHL could antagonize the effects of paraquat by scavenging reactive oxygen species, and up-regulating the eNOS expression and reducing the expression of the cleaved fragment of caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the prognostic significance of follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) and FLIPI2 in Chinese FL patients for better prognostic model.Methods 63 newly diagnosed FL patients who received rituximab plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone)-like chemotherapy from January 2003 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed according to FLIPI and FLIPI2 scoring system.Results According to FLIPI,31 patients (49.2 ％) were stratified into the low risk group (0-1 point),24 (38.1％) into the intermediate risk group (2 points),and 8 (12.7 ％) into the high risk group (3-5 points).As for FLIPI2 scoring,17 cases (27.0 ％) were classified in low risk group (0 point),42 cases (68.3 ％) in intermediate risk group (1-2 points),and 4 cases in high risk group (3-5 points).The overall response rates and 2-year progression free survival (PFS) rates of the three risk groups were 93.5 ％ (29/31),91.7 ％ (22/24),75.0 ％ (6/8) (P =0.27),and 85.7 ％,75.2 ％,58.8 ％ (Log-rank =1.063,P =0.59) respectively in FLIPI.In terms of FLIPI2,the overall response rates and 2-year PFS rates of the three groups were 100.0 ％ (17/17),90.7 ％ (39/42),50.0 ％ (2/4) (P =0.01) and 92.9 ％,74.0 ％,33.3 ％ (Log-rank =7.075,P =0.03).Conclusion FLIPI2 presents more robust prognostic significance than FLIPI in disease progression perspective for FL patients treated with R-CHOP like regimens in this study.