Objective:To investigate the nootropic components of Hovenia dulcis.Methods: Six saponins were isolated from Hovenia dulcis and Step-down test was used to examine the memory ability of mice.The escape latency and the times of wrong performance within 3 min were used to evaluate the memory ability of mice.To study the effects of saponins on learning and memory in mice,we divided the mice into 6 groups:youth group,aged group,aged plus piracetam(0.3 g/kg) group,aged plus saponins(0.6 g/kg) group,aged plus saponins(0.3 g/kg) group,and aged plus saponins(0.15 g/kg) group.To study the influence of saponins on impairment of memory acquirement,consolidation,and reoccurrence(induced by scopolamine,sodium nitrite and 40% ethanol,respectively),mice were also divided into the following 7 groups:control group,untreated group,piracetam group(0.3 g/kg),compound 3 group(0.3 g/kg),compound 4 group(0.3 g/kg),compound 5 group(0.3 g/kg),and compound 6 group(0.3 g/kg).Results: The chemical structures of six saponins were elucidated as 3-O-stigmasterol-(6-O-palmitoyl)-?-D-glucopyranoside(1),?-daucosterin(2),hovenidulcioside A1(3),hoduloside Ⅰ(4),hoduloside Ⅳ(5),and saponins C2(6).Among them,compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 5 and 6 had enhancing effect on the learning and memory ability of natural senile mice,and they could improve the impairment of memory acquirement,consolidation and recurrence in mice induced by scopolamine,sodium nitrite and 40% ethanol,respectively.Conclusion: The aglycone of jujubogenin might be the main saponins contributing to the nootropic effect of total saponins from Hovenia dulcis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and superiority of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the diagnosis and treatment of chest trauma feasibility and superiority.Methods 60 cases were randomly selected and divided into the observation group (n =30) and control group (n =30) by random number table.The observation group was treated with VATS and the control group was treated with traditional methods.Incision length,after the first three days of pain,blood transfusion,closed drainage time,drainage,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative day 7 1S forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and other related indicators were compared between the two groups.Results Incision length of the observation group was (7.41 ± 5.52) cm,which was significantly shorter than (18.62 ± 4.11) cm of the control group (t =7.54,P ＜ 0.05).Amount of blood transfusion and drainage of the observation group were (199.88 ± 23.00) mL and (199.52 ± 18.48) mL,which were significantly less than (465.67 ± 41.88) mL and (560.02 ± 44.98) mL of the control group (t =6.38,6.98,all P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group patients after the first three days VAS score was (3.61 ±0.20) points,lower than (6.01 ±0.25) points of the control group (t =6.64,P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative hospital stay was (6.50 ± 0.45) d,shorter than (11.33 ± 0.50) d of the control group(t =7.95,P ＜0.05).Conclusion VATS has the advantages of intuitive and strong,trauma,pain,faster recovery,shorter hospital stay,less closed thoracic drainage,fewer complications and so on in chest injury diagnosis and treatment.

Aim To investigate the protective effect and the underline mechanisms of total flavonoids from Sorbus Tianschanica L leaf (TFST) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods The I/R injury model of rat isolated heart was prepared by improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion method.Following the treatment,the coronary blood flow levels (CF),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and maximal rise/fall rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt_(max)) were monitored as the myocardial function.The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in myocardial tissue were measured by the commercial kits. The in vitro anti-oxidative capacity of TFST was detected by the DPPH and lipid peroxidation reaction system.Results Compared with I/R injury group, pre-incubation with TFST (6.0 mg·L~(-1)) significantly improved the LVDP,±dp/dt_(max) and CF during reperfusion. TFST (6.0 mg·L~(-1)) treatment significantly increased the SOD activities and reduced the MDA levels in myocardium tissue.Moreover,TFST (from 6.25 to 100.0 mg·L~(-1)) scavenged the DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion free radicals, and inhibited the lipid peroxidation reaction in a concentration-dependent way.Conclusions All the results demonstrate that TFST possesses the cardioprotective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury.This efficacy may be due to its antioxidative activity.

Objective: To explore a method for macrostomia repairment, in order to to achieve better physiological and aesthetic outcomes. Methods: 23 patients with macrostomia were treated by standard procedure: including orbicularis oris reconstruction, perioral expression muscles fixation, modiolus reconstruction, commissure point shift, and " w" shape incision. Results: 22 cases obtained both static and dynamic symmetrical outcomes. One case developed asymmetrically. Conclusions The macrostomia repairment following present standard procedure, is likely to achieve both static and dynamic satisfactory outcomes, due to balanced perioral muscles.