At present, the general surgery is facing various challenges. In order to meet the requirement of the 21 st century,some measuresshould be adopted to solve the problems listed as follows:The most important measure is to select a capable man to be the chief of the department and to make out a strategic scheme for future development. It also needs to know the ability level of the department in surgical science so that can carry forward the department's advantages and make up its disadvantages. The senior surgeons in the department should concentrate themselves along some special branch of general surgery while the young and the middle-aged surgeons build up their fundamental knowledge as well as the surgical technique in order to make a start for a mastering higher specialized skill. All members of the department should put in their effort together to develop new technique along the front line of the medical science to get close connection with the up-to-date international progress of surgery. The “young successor" out of competition should be supported and cultivated to be an excellent surgeon in the next century.

Objective To study the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in assessing the severity of deep venous insufficiency of the lower extremities.Methods Forty-five patients (46 lower extremities) in patient group confirmed as venous insufficiency by descending phlebography and 20 volunteers (40 lower extremities) in control group were assessed by color Doppler ultrasonography. The results of 45 patients were compared with those of 20 volunteers.Results The diameters of superficial femoral vein measured by color Doppler ultrasonography were correlated with the severity of venous reflux showed in phlebography(r=(0.771),P(0.05)).Conclusions The reflux distance in superficial femoral vein is a useful parameter in assessing the degree of venous insufficiency.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic nephropathy(DN)and their correlation. Methods All of 9237 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients from January 2004 to June 2009 were collected. The prevalence and clinical of characteristics of DR and DN as well as their relationship were analyzed. Results The total prevalence of DR was 33.0%(3045/9237),and the prevalence of DR in the microalbuminuria, macroproteinuria and macroalbuminuria combined with renal dysfunction patients were 36.3%(588/1618),53.7%(1113/2074)and 70.7%(1206/1706)respectively.The prevalence of DN was 58.4%(5398/9237). Compared with that in the diabetes patients without DR, the levels of microalbumin and total protein in the urine were higher in the patients with moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), serious NPDR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR), but the endogenous creatinine clearance rate was lower(P＜ 0.05). According to the non-conditional Logistic regression model,the risk factors of DR included diabetes duration,urinary protein,fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and peripheral neuropathy, and the risk factors of DN included diabetes duration, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure,urinary protein,low density lipoprotein and DR. Conclusions DR and DN are the chronic microvascular complications in the type 2 diabetes and have higher prevalence. There are good correlations between DR and DN.

Objective:To explore the transfer effect of working memory span task training on n-back task and its accordant brain mechanism.Methods:First, a randomized controlled experiment was carried out in 60 college students.The training group ( n=30) received adaptive training on a working memory span task and the control group ( n=30) received low difficulty repeated practice.The difference on 2-back task between the two groups at posttest and pretest was compared.Next, 60 college students who received adaptive training were divided into high transfer group ( n=30) and low transfer group ( n=30) according to their improvement median on 2-back task.The differences of brain activation across the whole brain between the two groups at posttest and pretest were compared. Results:Compared with before training, the accuracy of the 2-back task in the training group increased significantly after training( F=21.45, P<0.001), in which the training group increased by (0.15±0.18). While the control group increased by (0.03±0.17), and the difference was not significant( F=0.99, P=0.327). Compared with the low transfer group, the activation of the right striatum in the high transfer group increased significantly (corrected P=0.028). There was a significant correlation between the change of striatum activation and the change of 2-back task accuracy ( R2=0.084; F=5.21, P=0.025). Conclusion:The working memory span training effect can be transferred to n-back task, and the striatum plays an important role in this transfer effect.

Objective:To compare the effects of high-power and conventional power atrial fibrillation ablation on intraoperative acute pulmonary vein isolation, postoperative troponin levels, and atrial fibrillation recurrence.Methods:A retrospective selection was conducted on 105 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation admitted to the Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into a high-power ablation group of 52 cases and a conventional power ablation group of 53 cases. The intraoperative rate of single circle acute pulmonary vein isolation, the recovery of electrical conduction after acute pulmonary vein isolation, and the location and number of points that need to be added were compared between the two groups; At the same time, two groups were compared in terms of surgical time, ablation time, surgical radiation exposure time and radiation dose, intraoperative complications postoperative cardiac troponin levels at 12 hours, and recurrence of atrial fibrillation within 1 year after ablation.Results:The intraoperative single loop pulmonary vein isolation rate and postoperative troponin levels in the high-power atrial fibrillation ablation group were higher than those in the conventional atrial fibrillation ablation group (all P<0.05). The surgical time, ablation time, and the number of sites and points that need to be added during surgery were less than those in the conventional atrial fibrillation ablation group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative complications and postoperative atrial fibrillation recurrence between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions:High power atrial fibrillation ablation has a higher single loop acute pulmonary vein isolation rate, fewer patch sites and points, shorter surgical time, and greater ablation damage compared to conventional ablation, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups is similar after surgery.