BACKGROUND: Reduced cortico-subcortical regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndromes(AIDS) was found. However, the changes of rCBF in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome still remain unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of rCBF in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome by using 99Tcm-ECD cerebral single photon emission computerized tomography(SPECT) in order to provide imaging evidence for primary rehabilitative prevention, early intervention and occurrence of dementia in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome.DESIGN: Observational comparative study based on AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome and healthy people as the controls.SETTING: Nuclear medical department in a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Four Chinese(Cantonese) male AIDS patients, between 31 and 36 years old(mean age of 34) without chronic brain syndrome, were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from February to July 1999. Sixteen healthy males, with an age from 21 to 48 years(mean 37 years), were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University as the control group from February 1999 to June 2000.METHODS: 99Tcm-L, L-ethlcysteinate dimmer (99Tcm-ECD) brain SPECT imaging was performed on AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome and healthy controls. Image data were acquired with two-head SPECT. The rCBF was calculated with a semi-quantitative processing software. And the changes of rCBF were compared between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the semi-quantitative processing results of rCBF between the two groups.RESULTS: The rCBF in the right and left frontal, vertex, temporal lobe,basal ganglia, thalamus, gyrus rectus and pons were decreased significantly in the four AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome than those of the normal control group( t =3.53 -9.37, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Reduced cortico-subcortical rCBF in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome is observed with SPECT, and this provides imaging evidence for early intervention and the occurrence of dementia in AIDS patients without chronic brain syndrome.

AIM: To investigate the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in AIDS patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex(ADC). METHODS: 99m Tc-ECD brain SPECT imaging was performed in 4 AIDS patients without ADC and 16 sex and age-matched normal controls. The rCBF percentage compared to the cerebellum were calculated using a semi-quantitative processing software.RESULTS: The rCBF in the right and left frontal, temporal, porietal lobe, basal ganglia and thalamus, cyrus rectus and pons were decreased significantly in AIDS patients without ADC than those of the control subjects ( P

AIM: To observe tumor-seeking specificity of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin in human hepatoma bearing nude mice METHODS: The in vivo tissue distribution and inhibition studies of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin in human hepatoma bearing nude mice were performed RESULTS: In the tissue distribution study, a significant accumulation of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin was observed in the tumor site of nude mice The tumor/blood and tumor/muscle radioactive ratio gradually increased with lengthening time following injection of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin The inhibition ratio in the tumor tissue of nude mice in the inhibition study was 35 0% CONCLUSION: There is a specific uptake of [ 125 I]-(A14)-insulin through receptor-mediated process in the hepatoma tissue of nude mice [

ObjectiveTo explore the role of risk management in reducing the nursing risk of junior nurses in operation room. Method The risk management was implemented among junior nurses in operation room including establishing training groups for risk management,establishing instructor system,classifying nursing risk events and formulating operation room nursing risk monitoring. Result After risk management,the rate of risk events in the junior nurses was lowered as compared to pre-enforcement of the risk management(P<0.001).Conclusions The risk management can improve the risk awareness of junior nurses in operation room and reduce the incidence of nursing risk events.

0.05).Seroquel showed high incidence rate of drowsiness,dizziness and weight gain(26.1%,23.9%,17.3%),chlorpromazine showed high incidence rate of extrapyramidal side effect,pyknocardia and erect collapse(60.9%,39.1%,32.6%).CONCLUSIONS:There was no significant difference of curative effect for the treat-ment of schizophrenia between seroquel-treated group and chlorpromazine-treated group,but seroque showed low side effect and high safety.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood and patient prognosis after hepatectomy for liver cancer. MethodsThe clinical data of 150 patients who received partial hepatectomy for liver cancer in the 180 Hospital of PLA from October 2008 to November 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral venous blood was measured before surgery, and the patients were divided into low-CD4+/CD8+ group (CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤1, 52 patients) and high-CD4+/CD8+ group (CD4+/CD8+ ratio ＞1, 98 patients). Clinical indices were compared between the two groups, and outpatient follow-up and telephone follow-up were applied to record survival rate and tumor recurrence. The chi-square test was applied for comparison between the two groups, and Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) was applied for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for clinical factors to determine the related risk factors for recurrence after hepatectomy for liver cancer. ResultsThe low-CD4+/CD8+ group had significantly lower 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates than the high-CD4+/CD8+ group (χ2=36.473, 41983, and 55.214, respectively; all P＜0.001), and the 5-year survival rate differed significantly between the two groups (χ2=81.471; P＜005); the low-CD4+/CD8+ group had significantly higher 1-, 3-, and 5-year tumor recurrence rates than the high-CD4+/CD8+ group (χ2=44.041, 68.234, and 55.157, respectively; all P＜0.05). Univariate analysis showed that CD4+/CD8+ ratio, tumor diameter, existence of satellite lesions, hepatitis B virus infection, depth of tumor invasion, microvascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and degree of tumor differentiation were high risk factors for recurrence after resection of liver cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that CD4+/CD8+ ratio, tumor diameter, degree of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and microvascular invasion were independent risk factors for recurrence after resection of liver cancer. ConclusionThe patients with a CD4+/CD8+ ratio of ≤1 before resection of liver cancer have poor prognosis and high recurrence rates, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio has a certain predictive value for prognosis after resection of liver cancer.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of linezolid in the treatment of gram-positive coccal infections after chemotherapy in older adult patients with leukemia.Methods:Ninety-two older adult patients with leukemia complicated by gram-positive coccal infections, who received treatment in Yiwu Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019, were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive routine anti-infection treatment (control group, n = 46) or linezolid treatment (observation group, n = 46). Clinical efficacy, the time required for body temperature restoring to normal, and medication time were compared between the two groups. Results:Total response rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [95.65% (44 /46) vs. 78.26% (36/46), χ2 = 6.13, P = 0.013]. The time required for body temperature restoring to normal and medication time in the observation group were (7.98 ± 1.04) days and (8.58 ± 1.31) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(8.85 ± 1.47) days, (9.46 ± 2.52) days, t = 3.27, 2.10, P = 0.001, 0.019). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [4.35% (2/46) vs. 19.57% (9/46), χ2 = 5.05, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Linezolid is highly effective on gram-positive coccal infections after chemotherapy in older adult patients with leukemia. Linezolid treatment requires comparatively shorter time required for body temperature restoring to normal and shorter medication time and is safer than routine anti-infection treatment.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application of preoperative biliary drainage in the treatment of patients with malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) with acute cholangitis (AC). MethodsA retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 74 patients with MOJ and AC who were treated with preoperative biliary drainage in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. In those patients, 29 patients treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTCD) were assigned to PTCD group, and 35 patients treated with endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) were assigned to ERBD group. The levels of total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) before and after treatment, total hospitalization cost, average duration of hospitalization, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. The advantages and disadvantages were compared between the two preoperative biliary drainage approaches. Between-group comparison of continuous data was made by t test, and between-group comparison of categorical data was made by χ2 test. ResultsIn both groups, the levels of TBil, DBil, and ALT were significantly reduced after treatment (all P＜0.05). The ERBD group had significantly larger decreases in the levels of the three biochemical indices than the PTCD group (all P＜0.05). The ERBD group had significantly shorter average duration of hospitalization and significantly lower total hospitalization cost than the PTCD group (t=3.172, P＜0.05; t=2.562, P＜0.05). The incidence of acute pancreatitis in the ERBD group was significantly higher than that in the PTCD group (14.28% vs 3.45%, P＜0.05); however, the incidence rates of biliary tract bleeding, biliary tract infection, and resection or puncture site infection were significantly lower in the ERBD group than in the PTCD group (all P＜0.05). ConclusionPreoperative biliary drainage can substantially control AC symptoms and improve liver function. Compared with PTCD, ERBD achieves shorter duration of hospitalization, lower total hospitalization cost, and lower incidence rates of complications after treatment, which can be taken as the first choice for the treatment of MOJ with AC.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly lethal primary brain tumors. Despite current therapeutic advances in other solid cancers, the treatment of these malignant gliomas remains essentially palliative. GBMs are extremely resistant to conventional radiation and chemotherapies. We and others have demonstrated that a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells called GBM stem cells (GSCs) promotes therapeutic resistance. We also found that GSCs stimulate tumor angiogenesis by expressing elevated levels of VEGF and contribute to tumor growth, which has been translated into a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of recurrent or progressive GBMs. Furthermore, stem cell-like cancer cells (cancer stem cells) have been shown to promote metastasis. Although GBMs rarely metastasize beyond the central nervous system, these highly infiltrative cancers often invade into normal brain tissues preventing surgical resection, and GSCs display an aggressive invasive phenotype. These studies suggest that targeting GSCs may effectively reduce tumor recurrence and significantly improve GBM treatment. Recent studies indicate that cancer stem cells share core signaling pathways with normal somatic or embryonic stem cells, but also display critical distinctions that provide important clues into useful therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding and advances in glioma stem cell research, and discuss potential targeting strategies for future development of anti-GSC therapies.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Hypoxia ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glioblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; physiology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Radiation Tolerance ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum cystatin C levels,cystatin C gene + 148 and + 73 polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MS) of Chinese Zhuang and Han population in Guangxi region.Methods A hundred MS patients and healthy individuals for each group of Zhuang and Han population were selected in this study.Serum cystatin C levels were determined by immunoturbidimetric assay.Gene polymorphism of CysC + 148 and + 73 were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).The correlations between serum CysC level,CysC gene polymorphism and MS in Zhuang and Han population were analized.Results There were significant differences of serum CysC levels between the two MS groups and healthy controls group (all P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference of the genotype frequencies of CysC + 73 and CysC + 148 in the four groups was observed (x2 =3.139,P =0.791;x2 =4.841,P =0.564).The serum Cys C levels of CysC + 73 GG genotype in both MS groups were lower than those of CysC + 73 AG and AA genotype with statistically significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The serum Cys C levels in MS groups were correlated with serum creatinine levels (P ＜ 0.01) and CysC + 73 gene polymorphism (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The serum Cys C level of the MS patients in Zhuang and Han population may vary with the genotype of CysC + 73 genetic variant,and associate with serum creatinine level.