With the further research of spinal cord injury treatment, a series of new drugs have been used in experiment and clinic. This article is to review the current developments of drugs combination in spinal cord injury.

Objective To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil in combination with sevoflurane for gynecological laparoscopy. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-64 yr with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2 undergoing gynecological laparoscopy were randomly assigned to one of two groups ( n =20 each): dexmedetomidine group (group D) and remifentanil group (group R). Starting from 5 min before induction of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine was infused at 0.05 μg · kg - 1 · min- 1 in group D and remifentanil at 0.1 μg· kg- 1· min-1 in group R for 10 min, then dexmedetomidine infusion rate was increased to 0. 3 μg· kg-1 · h-1 and remifentanil infusion rate was increased to 0.15 μg· kg-1 · min-1 . Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and fentanyl 1 μg/kg and intermittent iv boluses of cis-atracurium. Narcotrend index was maintained at 40-50. Blood sample was taken from external jugular vein for blood gas analysis and determination of serum concentrations of corticosteroid, norepinephrine and epinephrine before administration, at 5 min after intubation, at 10 min of aeroperitoneum and at 5 min after extubation. The pH value and concentrations of lactic acid and glucose were recorded. The time for recovery of spontaneous breathing, eye-opening time, extubation time, orientation time and perioperative side-effects were recorded. Numeric rating scale was used to assess the intensity of pain during 2 h after operation. The analgesics used were also recorded. Results The serum concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine were significanfly lower at 10 min of aeroperitoneum, the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing was shorter, eye-opening time longer and the incidence of shivering and nausea and vomiting lower, the percentage of patients requiring rescue opioids lower in group D than in group R ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with sevoflurane anesthesia is better than remifentanil combined with sevoflurane anesthesia for gynecological laparoscopy.

Aim Toinvestigatetheanalgesiceffectsof epidural osthole application on the mechanical allodyn-ia and the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and the expression of COX-2 mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn.Methods 125adultmaleSDratswererandomizedin-to five groups( n=25 each) :Blank, Sham, NP, Ost and vehicle. At postoperative day 6, 1mg/rat osthole 50 μl was injected epidurally into group Ost and the same volume of vehicle was given into group vehicle. The mechanical pain threshold was measured by 50%MWT at 1 day before operation and the 3 rd,6 th,7 th, 14 th,21 st day after operation. After the measurement of pain threshold on postoperative day 14 , the L4-6 segment of spinal dorsal horn was removed for determi-nation of the expression of ERK, pERK and COX-2 mRNAbyWesternblotandRT-PCR.Results Com-pared with blank group, the mechanical pain threshold was only down-regulated at day 1 after operation in sham group, the expression of pERK and COX-2 mR-NA in sham group showed no significant difference ( P>0. 05 ); the mechanical pain threshold was signifi-cantly down-regulated after operation in NP, Ost and vehicle groups( P<0. 05 ) and the expression of pERK and COX-2 mRNA was significantly increased ( P <0. 05). Compared with vehicle group, the pain thresh-old in Ost group was significantly increased after drug administration( P<0. 05 ) and the expression of pERK and COX-2 mRNA was significantly reduced ( P <0. 05 ) . The expression of ERK showed no significant difference among each group(P>0. 05). The correla-tion analysis on pERK1/2 and COX-2 mRNA revealed the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0 . 878 and 0 . 910 , suggesting a strong positive correlation between pERKandCOX-2mRNA.Conclusions Ostholead-ministrated in the early stage after surgery can alleviate the nucleus pulposus-induced radicular inflammatory pain probably by inhibiting the expression of pERK and COX-2 mRNA in spinal dorsal horn.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of opioid-sparing analgesia on the incidence of sepsis in severely burned patients in the retrospective cohort study.Methods:The clinical data from patients with severe burns admitted to three teaching hospitals in Guangdong from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively extracted and analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the analgesic regimen within 30 days after injury: continuous opioids analgesia group (continuous opioid infusion at a relative constant rate for more than 72 h) and opioid-sparing analgesia group (patient-controlled intravenous analgesia/intermittent administration/opioid-free analgesia). Patient′s age, severity of burn, inhalation injury and basal pain score at rest were matched by the propensity score at a 1∶1 ratio. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of sepsis within 90 days of admission. Secondary outcome measures included 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality, clinical diagnosis of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and prevalence of burn wound infection. The amount of opioid used was also recorded.Results:A total of 328 severely burned patients were finally enrolled, with 145 patients in continuous opioid analgesia group and 183 patients in opioid-sparing analgesia group, and 110 pairs of patients (220 cases) were finally matched by the propensity score.Compared with continuous opioid analgesia group, the total consumption of opioid, daily consumption per analgesia, and consumption per burn area were significantly decreased, and the incidence of sepsis and wound infection was decreased( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality in opioid-sparing analgesia group( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the continuous opioid analgesia regimen, opioid-sparing analgesia can reduce the risk of sepsis in severely burned patients.