Objective To investigate whether the sort of drugs causing drug eruptions complicated with drug-induced liver dysfunction are the same as those causing drug eruptions. Methods Sixty-one cases of drug eruption complicated with drug-induced liver dysfunction in 261 cases confirmed as drug eruptions from January 1998 to March 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The major hepatotoxic drugs in these cases were antivirus drugs (60%, 9/15), antituberculosis drugs (66.67%, 8/12), zyloric (55.56%, 5/9), and some traditional Chinese medicines (31.58%, 6/19). Conclusion The sort of drugs causing drug eruptions complicated with drug-induced liver dysfunction are the same as those causing drug eruptions, which should be taken into consideration in clinical medication.

Objective To establish a double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the rapid detection of germ tube-specific antigens of Candida albicans,and to evaluate its specificity and sensitivity.Methods A DAS-ELISA was established with the monoclonal antibody McAb03.2C1-C2 as the primary antibody,and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled McAb03.2C1-C2 as the secondary antibody.The established assay was used to detect germ tube-specific antigens of Candida albicans in sera from 5 patients with systemic Candida albicans infection and from 6 rabbit models at 12,24,48,72hours,on week 1,2 after infection with Candida albicans.Results A good liner relationship was observed between the absorbance value at 495 nm and antigen concentrations when the titer of McAb03.2C1-C2 was 1 ∶ 4000 and the concentration of coated antigen varied from 1.25 to 40 μg/ml.The specificity and sensitivity of the DAS-ELISA were 95％ and 92％ respectively in the detection of germ tube-specific antigens in the rabbit models.The results of detection with DAS-ELISA in serum specimens from the patients were consistent with those with the routine method.Conclusions A DAS-ELISA is primarily established for the rapid detection of germ tube-specific antigens of Candida albicans,and has shown a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the animal model experiment.

Objective To investigate the effects of metabolically correlated factors on pig renal tubule in cellular level by observing effects of glucose,insulin and uric acid on activity of haemachrome oxygenase in renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods Pig near renal tubular cell line(LLC-PK1) was selected as experimental object.After stimulating cells respectively with glucose(5,10,22,33mmol/L),uric acid(0,0.1,0.2,0.4mmol/L);and insulin(0,10~(-9),0~(-8),10~(-7)mol/L) in different concentrations for 48 hours,the activity of HO-1 within the cells was determined.Results In uric acid group the activity of HO-1 was significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner,while in glucose and insulin groups,the activity of HO-1 did not change.Conclusion After LLC-PK1 was stimulated by uric acid of different concentrations,HO-1 was induced evidently,which indicates that uric acid might affect oxidative stress in renal tubule cell line.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of glimepiride treatment as initial monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This was a subgroup analysis of the GREAT study,which investigated the efficacy and safety of glimepiride as initial monotherapy in Chinese patients with T2DM.This analysis was performed in 209 patients with disease duration less than 6 months and never received any anti-diabetic drugs.The change of HbA1C,fasting plasm glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPPG),homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index (HOMA-β),homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistance index(HOMA-IR),the percentage of patients with HbA1C ＜ 7.0％ at endpoint and the incidence of hypoglycemia were evaluated after 16-weeks treatment.Results After 16-weeks glimepiride treatment,HbA1C value reduced significantly from baseline to endpoint,the reduction was statistically significant (9.21％ ± 1.65％ to 6.69％±0.83％,P＜0.001),69.7％ of the patients achieved HbA1C ＜7.0％ at study endpoint.Glimepiride-treated patients also achieved a significant improvement in FPG [from (10.15 ± 2.13) mmol/L to (7.23 ± 1.50) mmol/L,P＜0.001] and 2hPPG [from (17.21 ±4.14) mmol/L to (11.62 ± 3.34) mmol/L].HOMA-β was improved from 17.21± 15.19 [11.62 (2.90,115.8)] to 41.13 ± 44.12 [28.00 (5.1,360.00)],and HOMA-IR was reduced from 2.32± 1.90 [1.76 (0.60,12.80)] to 2.07 ± 1.74 [1.63 (0.4,12.3)].The incidence of all reported symptomatic hypoglycemia was 18.2％,and the incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia was 3.8％.Conclusion This analysis showed that glimepiride treatment as an initial mono-therapy could effectively improve blood glucose control in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM,and the treatment may improve islet β cell function,and the safety profile is reasonably good.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety between recombinant human parathyroid hormone ( rhPTH) ( 1 -34) and elcatonin in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in China.Methods This 6 month, multicenter, randomized and controlled study enrolled 205 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.They were randomized to receive either rhPTH (1 -34) 20 μg (200 U) daily or elcatonin 20 U weekly.Lumbar spine (L1-4 ) and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. In the meantime adverse events were recorded. Results The results showed that both rhPTH ( 1 -34) and elcatonin increased L1-4 BMD significantly at the endpoint of the study, but femoral neck BMD did not change significantly.From baseline to endpoint, BMD of L1-4 and femoral neck in the rhPTH( 1-34) group increased by 5.51% (P <0.01) and 0.65% (P >0.05), but BMD of L1-4 and femoral neck in elcatonin group increased by 1.55% (P <0.05) and 0.11% (P>0.05).Moreover, the rhPTH(1-34) group had better improvement in L1-4 BMD than the elcatonin group at 3, 6 months, but there was no difference of BMD in these two groups with regard to femoral neck.There were greater mean increases of the bone markers in the rhPTH( 1-34) group than those in the elcatonin group at 3, 6 months [serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( BSAP) 36.79% vs 0.31% ; 92.42% vs -0.17% ; the ratio of urine N-telopeptide of type I collagen and creatinine (NTX/Cr) 48.91% vs -5.32% ; 68.82% vs - 10.86%].Both kinds of treatment were well tolerated and there were no differences between the two groups in the rates of adverse events and serious adverse events.Conclusion It is concluded that rhPTH (1 -34) has more positive effects on bone formation than elcatonin as shown by the greater increments of L1-4 BMD and bone formation markers and the less occurrence of adverse events as well as no significant change in hepatic, renal or hemopoietic function.