Plerocercoid should not be confused with Sparganum.The scolex of plerocercoid has a bothrium or bothrial slit but there is no true scolex in sparganum.Plerocercoid is a developmental stage of an animal tapeworm,Genus Spirometra.Sparganum is another generic name of a pseudophyllidean cestode.Plerocercoid causes benign plerocercoidosis and sparganum causes "malignant sparganosis".Plerocercoidosis is a parasitic zoonosis which can be food-borne,water-borne,contact-borne or mother-borne.During the past 20 years,there has been significant progress in studies of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis,especially the former.Spirometra erinacei-europiea plerocercoidosis and sparganosis pro-lifera distributed mainly in East Asia.Spirometra mansonoides plerocercoidosis has been reported from the USA.Up to the present,approximately 1 400 cases of plerocercoidosis were reported from China,Japan,Korea,USA and Thailand,and at least 16 well-documented cases of human proliferating sparganosis were reported worldwide(in Japan,China,Thailand,USA,Paraguay,Venezuela,and the Philippines).The life cycle of Sparganum is unknown.For plerocercoid,human being acts as a dead-end hosts,copepod and frogs serve as intermediate hosts,and snakes and carnivorous animals are its paratenic hosts.This review summarizes the research progresss on aetiology and pathogenesis of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis.The second part(in press) will be concentrated on their pathology,clinical manifesta-tions,diagnosis,treatment,epidemiology,control and prevention.

This article is the second part of the previous review and summarizes the research advances on pathol-ogy, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and control of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Scoliosis ; etiology ; genetics

As the development of chemotherapy for the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the classical CHOP regimen was not the best regimen for all NHL, and specially, not suitable for high-grade invasive lymphomas, for example, Burkitt lymphoma (BL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) and mantle cell lymphoma(MCL). The standard regimens of BL include multi-agent, dose-intensive and short treatment duration chemotherapy, such as CODOX-M/IVAC±R and R-Hyper CVAD/MA. Prophylaxis of CNSL is also an important part for BL. LBL should be treated with regimens used in ALL patients. The current chemotherapy strategy for MCL should be that rituximab is combined with regimes including high dose cytarabine induced remission and then consolidated with autologous stem cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To explore the reason, characteristic,prevention and treatment measures of acquired fungal infection in cardiosurgery intensive care unit(CSICU). METHODS A total of 153 patients who were admitted to our CSICU ward and had perfect microorganism materials from Jan 1999 to Jul 2002 were investigated with retrospective method,in which 34 cases were acquired fungal infection. RESULTS The rate of fungal infection was 21.52%.The most common infection site was lower respiratory tract.The patients after cardiac injury were easy to be infected.The Candida were the main pathogens,especially Candida tropicalis.The cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) time,the time stayed in ICU,mechanical ventilation time, urinary dwelling tracheal intubation or tracheotomy,fiber bronchoscope and central venous intubation were the risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The reason of acquired fungal infection in CSICU is that CPB decreases patient′s immunity and every invasive exam or treatment can break the normal immunity.

Objective:AIM To obtein a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus expressing LacZ protein. Methods:The recombinant adenovirus vector engineered to express LacZ gene(Ad-LacZ) was constructed by recombination in E.coli-BJ5183.The replication-deficient adenovirus was then packed in HEK293 cells after transfection with the construct and subsequently identified by X-gal staining,electron microscopic observation and dot blotting.The expression of LacZ in HeLa cells infected by Ad-LacZ could be detected by X-gal stain. Results:Recombinant adenovirus expression vector of LacZ was successfully reconstructed.And the titer of Ad-LacZ virus reached 1.58?10~(9) pfu/ml.Under transmission(electron) microscope,adenoviral inclusions could be found in the nucleus of the infected HEK293 cells. Ad-LacZ virus was comfirmed to be replication-deficient by dot blotting.And the expression of LacZ was observed in the infected HeLa cells.The gene transfer capability of the recombinant virus was correlated with multiplicity of infection and the infection time. Conclusion:Recombinant adenovirus expression vector of LacZ was successfully reconstructed.

Following genomes from various strains of Chlamydia spp being sequenced,it was found that there were only tiny changes in their gene components,the infected host variety and pathogenisis process were very different.The genomes from Chlamydia trachomatis,C.muridarum,C.pneumoniae,Chlamydophila caviae were studied in detail,which revealed the relationship of chlamydial genomes and multiple members causes.The discovery of polymorphic membrane protein gene family,type Ⅲ secretion gene and peptidoglycan coding gene showed the great research success in the field.After the complete nucleotide acids of various species and strains of Chlamydia spp were sequenced many proteins were further identified,involving the outer membrane protein,major outer membrane protein,hot shock protein and polymorphic membrane protein with different functions and structures.Fully understanding the properties of these proteins is in favor of studying mechanisms of pathogenisis and immunity of Chlamydia as well as high-effective gene engineering vaccine against chlamydiosis.

Objective:To compare different detaining time of the rat model by C6 gliomas implanted and to raise the achievement ratio of the model.Methods:36 rats were divided into 3 groups according to detaining time.Group 1:The detaining time was 3min;group 2 was 5min;and group 3 was 10min.The volume of C6 cell was 10?l and injection time was 5min for each group.The tresis vulnus was sealed with bone wax.Plain scan and enhanced MRI were performed from 2 weeks to 3 weeks after operation.Statistical analysis was performed by using Fisher analysis for comparison of three data,and P values were calculated for each comparison.P≤0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.Results:Of the thirty-six rats glioma models,sixteen rats were modeled successfully in the first time;twenty rats were modeled again by changing condition;two rats were dead for anesthetic accident;eigteen rats were planted successfully.There was a significant difference in the achivement ratio among the three groups:(0.01

This paper introduces a new type of portable power-operated aspirator which is composed of tubular piston oilless pump,universal motor,automatic liquid level control system,noise proof and vibration absorptive devices and so on.

Objective To establish the analyzing methods for functional MR images, and investigate the effects of electroacupuncture stimulation to human brain function. Methods Electroacupuncture stimulation was performed at Guangming (GB37) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints in 5 healthy subjects, who had been scanned with Sonata 1.5T MRI (Siemens). Brain activity was measured with Statistical Parameter Mapping (SPM) software. Results Electroacupuncture stimulation of Guangming (GB37) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints produced prominent increases of fMRI signals in visual cortex and inferior parietal lobule. Conclusion Electroacupuncture stimulation of multiple acupoints can activate the specific areas of brain cortices. The fMRI technique and SPM analysis are powerful new tools to study the mechanism of electroacupuncture stimulation.