This article is the second part of the previous review and summarizes the research advances on pathol-ogy, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and control of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis.

Plerocercoid should not be confused with Sparganum.The scolex of plerocercoid has a bothrium or bothrial slit but there is no true scolex in sparganum.Plerocercoid is a developmental stage of an animal tapeworm,Genus Spirometra.Sparganum is another generic name of a pseudophyllidean cestode.Plerocercoid causes benign plerocercoidosis and sparganum causes "malignant sparganosis".Plerocercoidosis is a parasitic zoonosis which can be food-borne,water-borne,contact-borne or mother-borne.During the past 20 years,there has been significant progress in studies of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis,especially the former.Spirometra erinacei-europiea plerocercoidosis and sparganosis pro-lifera distributed mainly in East Asia.Spirometra mansonoides plerocercoidosis has been reported from the USA.Up to the present,approximately 1 400 cases of plerocercoidosis were reported from China,Japan,Korea,USA and Thailand,and at least 16 well-documented cases of human proliferating sparganosis were reported worldwide(in Japan,China,Thailand,USA,Paraguay,Venezuela,and the Philippines).The life cycle of Sparganum is unknown.For plerocercoid,human being acts as a dead-end hosts,copepod and frogs serve as intermediate hosts,and snakes and carnivorous animals are its paratenic hosts.This review summarizes the research progresss on aetiology and pathogenesis of human plerocercoidosis and sparganosis.The second part(in press) will be concentrated on their pathology,clinical manifesta-tions,diagnosis,treatment,epidemiology,control and prevention.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Scoliosis ; etiology ; genetics

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of different drug treatment on early onset severe preeclampsia.Methods 80 patients with early onset severe preeelampsia were randomly divided into two groups:Pell horizon treatment( group A) 40 cases and phentolamine treatment (group B) 40 cases, blood pressure, serum Ca2+,Mg2+ concentration and protein in urine were observed before and after treatment in .Results The mean arterial blood pressure in medication over 24 hours compared with that before treatment were significantly decreased in two groups ( t = 2.351,2.315, all P < 0.05 ) ; After treatment reduced urinary protein was observed in two groups, before and after tratment there were no significant difference ( t = 1.289,1.287, all P > 0.05 ) ; The contents of Ca2+, Mg2+After treatment were higher than before treatment ( t = 2.298,2.311, P < 0.0) ; The time of average pregnancy in group A was significantly longer thar that in group B ( x2 = 3.714,P < 0.05 ) ;The number of Apgar score more than 8 points in group A was significantly higher than the group B( x2 = 3.784 ,P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Perdipine with magnesium sulfate had affirmative curative effect in the treatment of early onset severe preeclampsia,and it was deserved to be applied.

Psychological adjustment is helpful in students' professional preparation.Psychological adjustment is needed much more in medical education because of the professional particularity.According to the questionnaires of Shantou University Medical College,the situation of the medical students' psychological adjustment was summarized:They had professional identity but thought doctors' social status was not as good as before; Most worried about the employment and expressed their opinion of overcoming this warry by working hard.So medical colleges should train students' correct professional attitudes,make a full strategy to improve their psychological adjustment,and at the same time make use of the school organization by improving teachers' quality.

Development appraisal of teachers is different from summative appraisal.It pays attention to teachers' initiative while improving the quality of education.It fits to the improvement of students' learning effect in some aspects,such as people-centered concept,reflective thinking,improving teaching effect and making good atmosphere and so on.We should increase research in and propaganda for development appraisal of teachers,including making theoretical innovation,updating and enriching contents,being scientific and operable in form,establishing and consummating the mechanism.

FU Shan, the famous doctor of Qing dynasty, had features in diagnosing and treating vomiting. His therapeutic experiences were recorded in his book Fuqingzhu Nvke. From his book we can see that he is treating vomiting basically from kidney and heart, associated by regulating the functions of spleen and stomach, calming the liver and harmonizing somach, and supplementing qi and blood.

Objective To explore the effective treatment for dry eye syndrome. MethodsIn the retrospective analysis of 90 patients with clinical symptoms of dry eye,all patients were treated with artificial tear,and 28 patients were treated with inferior lacrimal point embolism. ResultsAfter artificial tear treatment,the clinical symptoms of most patients were improved in 79 cases(87.8%).After combination of inferior lacrimal point embolism,the majority of symptoms were improved in 83 cases(92.2%).However,even after combination of inferior lacrimal point embolism,there were still a few patients without any improvement(7 cases,7.8%). ConclusionArtificial tear was an effective treatment for dry eye syndrome.While for the patients who could not get ideal effect with artificial tear alone,artificial tear combined with inferior lacrimal point embolism is an effective treatment.

Objective To inquire into the feasibility and clinical effect of the combination treatment for pri-mary liver carcinoma with trans-portal vein chemoembolization(TPCE). Methods 30 eases of primary liver carcino-ma with 49 neoplasms, who had acquired poor therapeutic effieacies from the treatment of transcatheter arterial chemoembolizalion(TACE) ,were collected and treated with TPCE. Results Of the 28 eases,26 cases with 46 neo-plasms were successfully administered with TPCE. The Child scores of liver function of pre-treatment, 1,3 month of post-treatment were (9.8 ± 2.4), (9.3 ± 2.1 ) and (8.1 ± 1.9 ), respectively. The ratios of the cases of AFP >400μg/L and the determined values of AFP were significantly lower in 1st and 3rd month after the treatment than those of pre-treatment( P < 0.05) ;in the comprehensive analysis of B-ultrusound and CT results, 86.4 % of the neo-plasms were thoroughly ablated at 1 month after the treatment. The relapsing and unthoroughly ablated neoplasms were continuously treated with TPCE. The thoroughly ablating rate was 94.4 % till 3 months after the treatment.Conclusion The combination treatment of TPCE is simply-operated,safe,effective for the primary liver carcinoma,and it can be an alternative treatment for the patients who got poor therapeutic efficacies from the TACE.