Objective To investigate the effects of Oxytocin(OT) on hippocampal long-term potentiation(LTP) and FOS protein expression induced by peripheral stimulation.Methods Single stimulation pulses were delivered to the left sciatic nerves to evoke the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the right hippocampal CA1. Tetanic stimulation was used to induce hippocampal LTP. Different groups of rat were given NS,OT,Oxytocin antagonist-Atosiban + OT before tetanic stimulation,into lateral ventricle(LV) respectively. Expression of FOS protein was compared among the groups by histopathological and immunohistochemistry. Results Single stimulation evoked fEPSPs in hippocampal CA1,which average latency was (171.9?33.1)ms and average amplitude was (25.7?8.4)?V. Tetanic stimulation induced hippocampal LTP and increased the expression of FOS protein. Intracerebroventricular injection of OT inhibited hippocampal LTP and decreased the expression of FOS protein. This effect of OT was blocked by the pretreatment with Atosiban. Conclusion The results suggested that OT may play an inhibitory role in leaning and memory of rats and the effect is mediated by OT receptor.

Objective To evaluate the effect of morphine on synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the spinal dorsal horn evoked by electric stimulation of sciatic nerve in rats. Methods Twenty-seven healthy male SD rats aged 60-90 d weighing 180-200 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: group Ⅰ control (group C, n=7), group Ⅱ morphine (group M, n=7), group Ⅲ naloxone (group N, n=6), and group Ⅳ morphine + naloxone (group MN, n=7). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% urethane 1 g/kg, intubated and then mechanically ventilated. The bipolar insulated stainless steel recording electrode (impedance 0.5-1 MΩ, diameter 0.1 mm) was inserted into the left side of the spinal dorsal horn at T13-L1 to stimulate the left side of the sciatic nerve. Single square pulses (15 V, 0.5 ms, 1/60 Hz for 30 min) was applied to evoke spinal field potentials. Normal saline 10 μl, morphine 10 μl (15 μg/μl), naloxone 10 μl (2.5 μg/μl), and the mixture 10 μl of naloxone 5 μl (2.5 μg/μl) and morphine 5 μl (15 μg/μl) was gradually instilled over 2 rain in the 4 groups respectively. Five minutes later, high-frequency and intensity tetanic stimulation (30-40 V, 0.5 ms, 100 Hz, given in 4 trains of 1-s duration at 10-s intervals) was used to induce LTP. Then single square stimuli (15 V, 5 ms, 1/60 Hz) were applied to the sciatic nerve for 210 min. The amplitude and latency period of the field potential were recorded 30 min before tetanic stimulation, and 0-30, 35-60, 65-120 and 125-210 min after titanic stimulation. Results Compared with group C, the amplitude of the field potential was significantly decreased and the latency period prolonged in group M and MN, but there was no significant difference in the above indices between group N and C. Compared with group M, the amplitude of the field potential was significantly increased and the latency period shortened in group MN. Compared with those 30 min before the tetanic stimulation, the amplitude of the field potential was significantly increased and latency period shorted at the time points after the tetanie stimulation in group C and N, the amplitude of the field potential was significantly decreased and latency period prolonged at the time points after the tetanie stimulation in group M, and the amplitude of the field potential was significantly increased 0-30 and 35-60 min after the tetanic stimulation and latency period shortened 0-30 min after the tetanie stimulation, the amplitude of the field potential was significantly decreased and latency period prolonged 65-120 and 125-210 min after the tetanic stimulation in group MN. Conclusion Morphine can inhibit synaptic LTP in the spinal dorsal horn evoked by electric stimulation of sciatic nerve in rats, and it may be one of the mechanisms of the central sensitization inhibition.

Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of ten-day sequential therapy composed of omeprazole,amoxicillin,clarithromycin,levofloxacin in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication.Methods 120 adult patients with positive rapid urease test of gastric mucosa were selected,they were randomly divided into the sequential group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases).The sequential group was treated with 10 d sequential therapy and control group was given 10 d standard therapy for eradication of Hp.In the two groups,patients with active ulcerative continued taking omeprazole for 4 weeks,the 14C urea breath test was taken after stopping drug,negative for Hp eradication.The clinical efficacy of two groups was observed.Results Hp eradication rate of sequential group was 94.8 ％,which was significantly higher than 79.3 ％ of the control group (x2 =6.20,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the sequential group was 17.5％,which in control group was 15.0％,the difference was not significant (x2 =0.06,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ten-day sequential therapy composed of omeprazole,amoxicillin,clarithromycin,levofloxacin for eradication of Hp is safe,the cure rate is high,and the adverse reaction is similar with standard therapy,it is worth the clinical promotion.

Objective To analyze the medical service capacity of primary healthcare in Zhejiang province since the ongoing healthcare reform and put forward suggestions. Methods Key indicators of healthcare resources and medical service utilization from 2009 to 2015 reflecting the primary healthcare were identified,for a quantitative analysis in terms of the structure-process-outcome dimensions. Results In terms of structural service capacity,the average headcount growth rate of primary healthcare′s technical personnel was 5. 7% per year; the personnel competence structure kept improving; the hospital beds at primary institutions and their ratio among all were slightly decreased,with better devices and informatization. In terms of procedural service capacity,the proportion of primary institutions with contract-based services amounted to 89. 9%,with the standard contract signing rate up to 18. 8%. In terms of consequential service capacity,the average growth rate of the number of outpatient visits at primary institutions was 6. 3%. The amount and proportion of inpatients were slightly decreased,while the hospital bed utilization ratio was increased slightly. Conclusions It is necessary to further strengthen the training and introduction of primary healthcare professionals. The functional orientation of hospitals at various levels should be clarified, encouraging contract-signing of general practitioners, promote the medical insurance payment reform featuring the capitation payment at primary level,and improve the income distribution and incentive mechanism.

Objective To explore the efficacy of proximal femur locking plate(PFLP) for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.Methods Data of 120 cases of patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures who were treated by PFLP were retrospectively analyzed.There were 56 males and 64 were females,aging from 62 to 78 year-old (average,69.4 year-old).85 cases were left hip,and 35 cases right hip.According to AO fracture classification,there were 12 cases of A2.2,23 A2.3,34 A3.1,29 A3.2,and 22 A3.3.According to Evans intertrochanteric fractures classification:there were 93 cases of type Ⅲ,19 type Ⅳ,and 8 type Ⅴ.Operation time,length of hospital stay,fracture healing time,postoperative complications and hip joint Harris scores were recorded.Results All patients were followed up for 8-14 months (average,12.4 months).Their operating time were 51-80 min (average,63.1 min);X-ray exposure were 8-15 times (average,11.6 times);intraoperative blood loss were 70-120 ml (average,92.7 ml);postoperative drainage volume were 50-100 ml (average,61.7 ml),and length of hospital stay were 7-14 d (average,10.2 days).The healing time ranged from 12 to 32 weeks (20.4 weeks average).14 cases had delayed union,and healing time was 8-10 months.In addition,4 cases had deep vein thrombosis (after thrombolysis therapy the vein was recanalized);2 had internal fixation broken,who were then treated with PFNA Ⅱ,and bone healed after 6 months;5 had hip varus,who were then treated via hip replacement,and no hip prosthesis fracture were found.No other complications occurred in the remaining patients.At the latest follow-up,according to Harris hip score:there were 38 cases with excellent results,71 good,9 fair,and 2 poor,and the rate of excellent and good was 90.8％ (109/120).Conclusion PFLP for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures has advantages of less invasion,less complication,reliable fixation and high fracture healing rate,thus it is suitable for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.

Objective To analyze the related factors of femoral head necrosis after internal fixation operation of femoral neck fracture.Methods Clinical data of 524 patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent internal fixation surgery between January 2012 and January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the femoral head necrosis as an observable indicator,the clinical data of postoperative femoral head necrosis and those other patients who were treated at the same period were compared.Whether the clinical factors (gender,age,surgical reduction type,fracture type,quality of reduction,post-injury operation time,loading time after operation,and whether to withdraw internal fixation) were in correlation with postoperative femoral head necrosis was analyzed by univariate analysis.Then the statistically significant indicators were integrated into logistic regression analysis to determine the related factors of femoral head necrosis.Results According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,the study group consisted of 212 cases,including 94 males and 118 females;the follow-up time was 2-5 years,and the average follow-up time was 3.6±1.6 years.There were 46 cases with femoral head necrosis and 166 cases without femoral head necrosis after operation.The rate of femoral head necrosis was 21.7％ (46/212).The femoral head necrosis group included 46 cases with 21 males and 25 females;20 cases below 60 years old and 26 cases above 60 years old;17 cases using open reduction and 29 cases using closed reduction;6 cases belong to type Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 40 cases belong to type Ⅲ/Ⅳ according to Garden classification;16 cases got satisfactory reduction while 30 cases with unsatisfactory reduction;30 cases below 48 h and 16 cases above 48 h on post-injury operation time;17 cases below 3 months and 29 cases above 3 months on post-operation loading time;22 cases with internal fixation removal and 24 cases without internal fixation removal.The femoral head without necrosis group included 166 cases with 73 males and 93 females;84 cases below 60 years old and 82 cases above 60 years old;69 cases using open reduction and 98 cases using closed reduction;120 cases belong to type Ⅰ/Ⅱ and 46 cases belong to type Ⅲ/Ⅳ according to Garden classification;160 cases got satisfactory reduction while 6 cases with unsatisfactory reduction;119 cases below 48 h and 47 cases above 48 h on post-injury operation time;70 cases below 3 months and 96 cases above 3 months on post-operation loading time;74 cases with internal fixation removal and 92 cases without internal fixation removal.Univariate x2 analysis suggested that fracture type and quality of reduction were associated with postoperative femoral head necrosis.Other clinical factors (gender,age,surgical reduction type,post-injury operation time,loading time after operation and whether to remove internal fixation or not) were not associated with postoperative femoral head necrosis.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed fracture type and quality of reduction were significantly related to postoperative femoral head necrosis.Conclusion Femoral head necrosis after internal fixation operation of femoral neck fracture is affected by many factors.The fracture type and quality of reduction are important factors affecting femoral head necrosis after internal fixation operation of femoral neck fracture.

As medical research progresses, an increasing number of genetic variations are being incorporated into international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. In several international guidelines updated in 2022, more emphasis is placed on the importance of genetic variation in the classification and prognosis assessment of hematological malignancies. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies have entered the era of precision medicine and genomics, relying increasingly on the application of high-throughput sequencing technology.

Objective To assess the clinical value of lung ultrasound (LUS) B-lines in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated interstitial lung diseases (RA-ILD).Methods Forty-five consecutive patients with RA who underwent a high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest,were also examined by LUS for detection of B-lines(within 1 month independently in all patients).The B-lines score was obtained by summing the number of total 50 inter-costal spaces (ICSs) of chest wall.Pulmonary fibrosis was quantified by HRCT as previously described by the 30-point Warrick score.Results B-lines score significantly correlated with the Warrick score [(r=0.778,95％CI(0.627,0.872),P＜0.05].Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed that B-lines cut-off point 77[sensitivity of 100％,specificity of 64.3％ respectively,area under curve [AUC] =0.86,95％CI(0.724,0.945)] and 108[sensitivity of 90％,specificity of 88.6％ respectively,AUC=0.879,95％CI(0.747,0.957)] had an optimal power to discriminate mild (Warrick score＜8) and severe fibrosis (Warrick score＞15):Conclusion The data confirm that LUS is a useful technique to identify ILD in RA.In RA-ILD,B-lines correlate significantly with HRCT and are able to identify mild and severe degree of fibrosis.LUS is a promising non-invasive and non-ionizing strategy for screening RA-ILD.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of preoperative blood parameters on the efficacy of microscopic varicocele ligation in the treatment of infertility patients with varicocele.Methods:The clinical data of 110 patients with varicocele admitted to Xi′an People′s Hospital and Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from June 2016 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Successful operation was defined as the restoration of all semen parameters (sperm concentration, forward motility, morphology, etc.) to normal values 6 months after operation. The patients were divided into effective treatment group (group A, 78 cases) and ineffective treatment group (group B, 32 cases). The blood parameters of the two groups were compared before operation. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between blood parameters [neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV)] and the success of microscopic varicocele ligation. The predictive value of blood parameters (NLR and MPV) to the success of microscopic varicocele ligation was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics, and sex hormone levels between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05); There were statistically significant differences in NLR and MPV in blood parameters between the two groups (both P<0.05), and there was no significant differences in other blood parameters (both P>0.05). There was no significant difference in semen parameters between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). After operation, the semen volume, semen concentration, forward movement and sperm morphology of patients in group A were significantly improved compared with those before operation (all P<0.05), while the parameters of patients in group B had no significant difference compared with those before operation (all P>0.05). There was a negative correlation between preoperative NLR and the success rate of spermatic vein ligation ( r=-0.719, P<0.01), and a positive correlation between MPV and the success rate of spermatic vein ligation ( r=0.522, P<0.01). The ROC curve was used to analyze the threshold of predictive variables for the success of spermatic vein ligation. The optimal critical value of NLR was 2.01 ( P<0.01), and the optimal critical value of MPV was 11.45 ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Low NLR (<2.01) and high MPV (>11.45) may be useful preoperative predictive tools for identifying the group of infertile varicocele patients who would benefit most from microscopic spermatic vein ligation.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of plague in Qianxi'nan Prefecture in Guizhou Province from 2006 to 2015,and to provide a reference for prevention and control of plague.Methods Using a retrospective analysis method,plague epidemic reports,epidemic source investigations,and animal plague surveillance data from 3 monitoring sites in Xingyi City,Anlong County,and Yilong Experimental Area in Qianxi'nan Prefecture from 2006-2015 were collected and analyzed.Results In 2006-2015,no rat plague and human plague occurred in Qianxi'nan Prefecture.There was no Yersinia pestis,and a total of 1 plague antigen F1 positive rat was detected in Xingyi City in 2006.The density of indoor rat was 2.28％ (3 580/157 192),the density of indoor Rattus flavipectus was 1.31％ (2 052/157 192),ranging from 0.90％ to 1.82％,the differences were statistically significant between different years (x2 =91.110,P ＜ 0.05);and the density of outdoor rat was 1.52％ (2 358/154 732),the density of outdoor Rattus flavipectus was 0.58％ (905/154 732),ranging from 0.39％ to 0.90％,the differences were statistically significant between different years (x2 =63.428,P ＜ 0.05).In the composition of rodents,Rattus flavipectus was the dominant species,Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were common species.The musk deer index was 1.19.In the composition of flea species,the Xenopsylla cheopis was the dominant species with an index of 0.64,Leptopsylla segnis and Monopsyllus anisus were common species.Conclusions Rattus flavipectus and Xenopsylla cheopis was the dominant rodent and flea species in Qianxi'nan Prefecture.The density of indoor Rattus flavipectus and the index of flea are higher than those of the national standard of plague control (1.0％,0.5).In the future,densities of Rattus flavipectus should be closely monitored,and the rodent and flea killing activities should be carried out in time.