Objective To explore the influence of different blood gas strategies on cerebral protection and blood gas analysis during moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonar.Methods Patients under cardiac valve replacement with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) were performed in this study.The cerebral blood flow (CBF) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) were monitored at 5 points:(1)Induction of anesthesia (T1),(2) after 10 min of the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass (T2),(3) during the moderate hypothermic phase of CBP managed by the alpha-stat after calibrate blood gas 15 min (T3),(4) pH-stat followed,after calibrate blood gas 15 min (T4),and (5) 10 min after CBP (T5).pH and pCO2 in patients were recorded and analyzed at T3 and T4.Results The CBF of T2 and T3 was lower than that of T1,but the difference was not significant (t =2.841,2.711;P =0.062,0.080).The CBF of T4 and T5 was higher than that of T3,but the difference was not significant (t =1.793,2.135;P =0.119,0.066).The CBF of T5 resumed to before operation.The rSO2 of T2 and T3 was lower than that of T1,but the difference was not significant (t =1.821,2.032;P =0.132,0.267),the rSO2 ofT4 and T5 was higher than that ofT3,but the difference was not significant (t =1.879,2.021;P =0.312,0.075).The rSO2 of T5 resumed to before operation.However,the pH was much lower in pH-stat than alpha-stat (t =17.541,P =0.000) and the pCO2 was much higher than alpha-stat (t =13.914,P =0.000).Conclusions Both pH-stat and alpha-stat have cerebral protection effects.However,compared to pH-stat,alpha-stat could reduce the possibility of acidosis,and maintain the acid-base equilibrium.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of prospective memory in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and emotional apathy.Methods Included in this study were 62 PD patients who had sought medical attention at our department from January 2015 to January 2017.They were divided into an emotional apathy group and a normal emotion group according to the emotional indifference scale.Also included in this study were another 35 healthy controls matched for demographic data.Their neurological function status,severity of illness and demographic data were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and the General Questionnaire.The neuropsychological tests and experimental paradigms of event-based prospective memory (EBPM) and time-based prospective memory (TBPM) were used to assess their cognitive function and prospective memory.Comparisons were done between the 3 groups in the above measurements.Results (1) Neuropsychological tests demonstrated that the 2 groups of PD patients had significantly lower MoCA scores and significantly higher HAMA and Stroop scores than the healthy control group (P＜0.05).The emotional apathy group had significantly higher HAMA,Stroop and digit span test (DST) scores than the normal emotion group (P＜0.05).(2) In EBPM task,the emotional apathy group scored significantly lower than the normal emotion group and the 2 groups of PD patients scored significantly lower than the healthy control group (P＜0.05).In TBPM task,the emotional apathy group scored significantly lower than the normal emotion group and the healthy control group (P＜0.05).(3) The correlation analysis showed that the EBPM scores were negatively correlated with the HAMD,Stroop and DST scores in the emotional apathy group (r=-0.352,P=0.048;r=-0.515,P=0.003;r=-0.524,P=0.002).Conclusion Prospective memory impairment may be more severe in PD patients with emotional apathy,suggesting an impact of their emotional apathy on their prospective memory.