Objective To study the relationship between NF kappa-B (NF-κB) and the development of diabetic macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, the expression level of Nuclear Faetor-κB in peripheral mononuclear cell of type 2 diabetes patients with and without macroangiopathy were compared, Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (slCAM-1) in plasma and immunohistochemical method was used to measure the activity of NF-κB in peripheral blood mononu-clear cell in 50 type 2 diabetes patients with macroangiopathy(G3) , 41 type 2 diabetes patients without maeroangiopathy(G2) and 30 nor-real control subjects(G1). Linear correlation model was used to analyze the correlation between the level of sICAM-1 and NF-κB. Results The expression level of Nuclear Factor-κB in peripheral mononuclear cell of G3 was significantly higher than that in G2 and G1(P <0.01). The concentration of plasma sICAM-1 in G3 was significantly higher than that in G2 and G1. The expression level of Nuclear Factor-κB in peripheral mononuclear cell of G2 was significantly higher than that in GI (P < 0.01). The concentration of plasma sICAM-1 in G2 was significantly higher than that in G1. The levels of plasma sICAM-1 in three groups were positive correlated with activity of NF-κB in peripher-al blood mononuclear cells(r = 0.376, 0.283, 0.302, P < 0.05). Conclusion Increased level of NF kappa-B in peripheral blood mono-nuclear might be risk factor for peripheral macroangiopathy in patients with diabetes. It may induce macroangiopathy via up-regulating sI- CAM-1 expression.

The association of plasma tissue type plasmingogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes was explored.The subjects with type 2 diabetes (n =91) and control subjects (n =30) were enrolled for this study.According to carotid artery intima media thickness in Color Doppler Ultrasonography,the subjects with type 2 diabetes were divided into four groups:normal carotid group(group 1,n =25),lining thickening group (group 2,n =30),stable plaques group (group 3,n =23),carotid stenosis group(group 4,n =13).Plasma t-PA and PAI-1 levels were measured by ELISA.Compared with the control group,there was no significant change in the levels of plasma t-PA and PAI-1 in group 1 (P＞0.05),plasma t-PA activity was decreased significantly(P＜0.05) and PAI-1 activity increased obviously (P＜0.05) in group 2,group 3,and group 4.Carotid atherosclerosis degree was negatively correlated with t-PA(r=-0.723,P＜0.01) and positively correlated with PAI-1 (r=0.851,P＜0.01).The results suggested that the abnormal fibrinolysis function may take part in the development of atherosclerosis of carotid arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Angiopoietin-2 levels were 5. 80 ( 3. 83-8. 00 ) , 4. 42 ( 2. 56-5. 55 ) , and 2. 75 ( l. 40-4. 64 )ng/ml in type 2 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy, patients with non-proliferative retinopathy, and patients without retinopathy, respectively. Statistical significances existed between any two groups (all P ＜0. 01 ). Angiopoietin-1 level in patients with non-proliferative retinopathy was higher than that in patients without retinopathy [10. 57 ( 8. 99-12. 05 ) vs 9. 21 (7. 71-11.2 ) ng/ml, P＜0. 05]. No difference in receptor Tie-2 was found among the 3 groups (P＞0. 05 ). The results suggested that serum angiopoietin-2 level might be associated with the severity of retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

The association of the serum phospholipid fatty acid components with lipid profiles in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated.Saturated fatty acid in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased(48.79±1.55 vs 42.58±1.96,P<0.01),whereas monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid were decreased(10.72±1.53 vs 12.09±1.32,33.41±2. 16 vs 35.79±2.41.6.08±1.66 vs 9.54±1.54,all P

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of mononuclear cells Inter-leukin-18(IL-18)and early renal damage in diabetic patients.Methods 480 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)in our hospital from Jan.2010 to Dec.2012 were selected.According to urine albumin excretion rate, They were randomly divided into diabetic group, micro proteinuria group, and proteinuria group.160 cases of normal people were selected as the control group.Glycosylated hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, serum triglycer-ides, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen.2 h postprandial blood glucose and urine protein were detected.Af-ter mononuclear cells being isolated and cultured for 12 h and 24 h, IL-18 was detected.-137G/C and-607C/A gene polymorphism were detected.Results Normal group were significantly lower than diabetes group, micro proteinuria group, and proteinuria group(P<0.01)in BMI, 2 h postprandial blood sugar, cholesterol, glycosy-lated protein, urea nitrogen and serum creatinine index.Micro proteinuria group and proteinuria group were high-er than diabetic group in 2 h blood sugar, cholesterol, glycosylated protein, urea nitrogen and serum creatinine index(P<0.05).Diabetes group, micro proteinuria group, and proteinuria group were significantly higher than normal group in urine protein, 12 h IL 18 and 24 h IL-18(P<0.01).Micro albuminuria and proteinuria group was significantly higher than diabetic group in urine protein, 12 h IL 18 and 24 h IL-18(P<0.01).There were positive correlation between urine protein and 12 h, 24 h IL-18(r=0.454, P<0.01; r=0.479, P<0.01). There was statistical difference between albuminuria group and diabetes group in -137G/C genotype frequency (χ2 =5.45, P<0.05) and there was statistical differencebetween the allele frequency distribution(χ2 =5.76, P<0.05) .Conclusions IL-18 can be used as an indicator for detecting early renal damage.Gene -137G/C polymorphism may increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy by upregulating the expression of IL-18.

The intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery was measured using B-mode ultrasonography in 55 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 25 normal controls. The serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( sICAM-1) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP) were measured by ELISA and high-sensitivity particle enhanced immunonephelometry respectively. The results suggest that sICAM-1 and hs-CRP were risk factors of thickened IMT in type 2 DM.

Objective To investigate the relationship between triglyceride and serum polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods Totally 74 MS patients (MS group) and 62 healthy subjects (normal control group,NC group) were recruited from June 2011 to June 2012 in Shaoxing People's Hospital.Serum phospholipid fatty acid profiles were analyzed with capillary gas chromatography.Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic assay.Results The triglyceride concentration was significantly higher in MS group than that in NC group [(2.0 ±0.8) mmol/L vs.(1.3 ±0.5) mmol/L,P=0.000].The levels of n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA,and PUFA were significantly lower in MS group than those in NC group (9.8％ ±2.2％ vs.11.1％ ±2.4％,P=0.002; 35.4％ ±6.7％ vs.39.5％ ±7.8％,P=0.009; 45.2％ ±8.9％ vs.50.6％ ±10.1％,P =0.000).Triglyceride concentration was inversely correlated with n-3 PUFA and PUFA levels (r =-0.42,P =0.008 ; r =-0.23,P =0.013).Conclusions n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA,and PUFA decrease in MS patients.Triglyceride concentration is inversely correlated with PUFA.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods Serum phospholipid PUFA profiles of 61 patients with metabolic syndrome and 55 healthy controls was analyzed with high performance gas chromatography.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum IL-6 levels.Results The IL-6 concentration was significantly higher in the MS group than in the control group [(16.0 ± 4.7) pg/ml vs.(9.2 ± 2.6) pg/ml,P =0.000].The total PUFA percentage was lower in the MS group than in the control group [(47.2±2.4)％ vs.(50.8 ±2.5)％,P=0.001].The serum IL-6 concentration was negatively correlated with n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA,and total PUFA (r =-0.51,P ＜0.01;r=-0.27,P＜0.01;r=-0.38,P＜0.01).Conclusions Serum PUFA in patients with metabolic syndrome is lower than in healthy people.Serum IL-6 concentration may be negatively correlated with total PUFA concentration.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3PUFA) and insulin resistance(IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods This trial involved 51 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with NAFLD (G4 group), 50 patients of type 2 diabetes alone(G3 group), 45 patients of NAFLD alone (G2 group) and 42 healthy control subjects (G1 group). Serum ω-3PUFA profile was analyzed with capillary gas chromatography. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). ALT, AST, γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) and serum lipids were measured. Results The levels of HOMA-IR were higher in G4 group than those in G3, G2 and G1 group(4. 90 ± 2. 54 vs 2. 38 ± 1.23, 2. 20 ± 1.15, 1.13± 0.42;P<0.05). The level of ALT, AST, GGT, TC, TG, LDL-C were higher in G4 group than those in G3, G2 and G1 group(P < 0. 05). The level of ω-3PUFA was signifieantly lower in G4 group than those in G3, G2 and G1 group(5.68 ±2.02 vs 7. 17 ±2. 38, 6.97±2.32, 10.08±2.76;P <0.05). ω-3PUFA cocentration was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, TC, TG and LDL-C (r = -0.491, -0. 376, - 0. 462, - 0. 408, P < 0. 05). Conclusions Serum ω-3 PUFA is significantly decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. Serum ω-3PUFA is negatively correlated with insulin resistance. ω-3PUEA plays a very important role in the development of diabetes mellitus and NAFLD.

The association of the serum phospholipid fatty acid components with high-sensitivity C reactive protein in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated.Saturated fatty acid in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus was increased (45.98±1.55 vs 42.05±2.04,P＜0.01),while polyunsaturated fatty acid was decreased(42.38±1.93 vs 46.60±2.06,P＜0.01),and high sensitivity C reactive protein was significantly increased[(6.36± 1.28 vs 0.79±0.45) mg/L,P＜0.01)].