Objective To observe neurobehavior and pathological changes of spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats.Methods The Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scoring,histological and immunohistochemical changes after SCI were observed by means of self-designed spinal cord injurying device controlled by electrocircuit.Results From the 3rd day(1.0 ± 0.7),the BBB score of injured group began to increase (increased to 4.2 ± 1.3significantly at 7th day,and at the 28th day was 7.2 ± 1.3),and the hind limb could not support the body weight.Degeneration,necrosis of lots of neurons and glial cells proliferation could be observed obviously in spinal cord injured group.Immunohistochemical experiments showed that the grey level began to decrease 2nd hour after injury,went down the minimum at the 1st day,then 3rd day recovered,and at 28 th day was still lower than that of sham group.The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining positive cells area was gradually increased from 3rd day,reached the apex in the 14 th day,then decreased in the 28 th day.The changes of neuron specific enolase (NSE),neurofilament protein 200 (NF200) and GFAP had a close relationship with BBB score (r =0.856,0.856,0.795 respectively,P＜0.01).Conclusion The changes of NSE,NF200,GFAP after spinal cord injury reflect the characteristic of pathological change,which have a close relationship with functional recovery.

Objective To develop a new impact device that can cause different levels of spinal cord injury in adult rats so as to provide a scientific means for standard spinal cord injury model in adult rats. Methods First, two laser heads were installed beside the impacting hammer in order to define the dropping point of imparting hammer through the focus of the two tracts of lasers. A height controlled electrocircuit was designed to control the rotation of the minitype dynamo that regulated the height of impacting hammer precisely via the worm gear. Meanwhile, a time controlled electrocircuit was made so as to secure that the process of injury could be finished within 10 millionseconds constantly according to the technique of weight dropping and the principle of electromagnetic electromagnetism respectively. Results The present impact device could produce different levels of spinal cord injury in adult rats within special times, heights and dropping points. Conclusion We have successfully produced an electro-circuit controlled impact device with laser defining position that is simple and easy to use for making controllable and precise injury models.

Objective To evaluate the uncertainty of determination of copper in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) according to Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement.Methods Precision of the instrument,uncertainty of the certified values of standard reference materials used in the measurement and uncertainty arising from the preparation of various chemical solutions involved in the measurements were considered as the main sources of the combined uncertainty.Components of uncertainty and the combined uncertainty were deduced and calculated.We can obtain the evaluation of uncertainty of copper in water by FAAS.Results The concentration of copper in water was 0.55 mg/L calculated according to mathematical model established in the present study,combined standard uncertainty was 0.011 mg/L,expanded uncertainty was 0.02 mg/L,and the expression of the uncertainty was (0.55?0.02)mg/L.Conclusion This method can be used for evaluation of uncertainty of determination of copper in water by FAAS.

0.05), the drug adverse reaction rates were 25.5% vs 51.4%(P

Objective: To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Oxytropis falcata bunge.Methods: With the content of total flavonoids as the index,and based on the results of single factor tests, central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the extraction technology with the solvent amount, ethanol concentration and extraction time as the factors.Results: The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extracted twice with 20-fold amount of 66% ethanol, and 84 minute per time.Under the above conditions, the extraction rate of total flavonoids was up to 23.21 mg·g-1.Conclusion: The central composite design-response surface methodology is convenient and highly predictive for the extraction optimization of total flavonoids from oxytropis falcata bunge.

Objective To determine the biomechanical parameters of left ventricular by using velocity vector imaging (VVI),and to indirectly assess the coronary artery stenosis with VVI in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods 52 patients who had one coronary artery lesions at least diagnosed by coronary angiography (CAG)were divided into coronary artery mild stenosis group and severe stenosis group;2 1 patients in mild stenosis group had one coronary stenosis <75%;31 patients in severe stenosis group had one coronary artery stenosis ≥75% at least.At the same time,20 cases of normal people without coronary artery stenosis showed by CAG were selected as normal control group. VVI was used to detect the left ventricular wall segments of the overall longitudinal strain (GLS ), the overall circumferential strain (GCS ) and the overall radial strain (GRS ). Results The absolute values of GLS,GRS,GCS of the patients in mild and severe coronary artery stenosis groups were significantly decreased than those in normal control group(P<0.05),and the strain parameters in severe stenosis group were decreased more significantly, there were significant differences compared mild stenosis group (P<0.05 ). The distribution of the segments with decreased longitudinal strain matched the LV myocardial segment with the coronary stenosis rate ≥ 75%,and GLS had the most sensitivity.The GLS in normal control group,mild stenosis group and severe stenosis group were negatively correlated to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)(r=-0.58,P<0.05;r=-0.51,P<0.05;r=-0.43,P<0.05).GLS-16.14 % was used to assess the severe coronary artery stenosis with requiring the implementation of PTCA treatment as the diagnostic cut-off point with sensitivity 96.8%, specificity of 70%, the highest Yuedden index 0.668. Conclusion The decreasing of left ventricular strain could be detected by VVI, which suggests that severe coronary artery stenosis exists in coronary artery;the distribution of the segments with significantly decreased strains can be used to assess the coronary lesions and stenosis degrees.

Objective To study the protective effects of nitroxides against hu man keratinocytes oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and its possible mechanisms. Methods Normal human keratinocyte cultures obtained from foreskin were served as test-system. Human keratinocytes were cultured in human keratinocytes growth m edia (KGM) without serum and supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L Ca2+. Experiments wer e performed in culture when the cells grew to fuse. Oxidative damage was induced by adding H2O2 directly to the culture media at different concentrations in the present and absence of nitroxides [(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPO) a nd 4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPOL)]. The cell viability w as monitored and the intracellular level of reduced glutathione (GSH), the activ ities of glutathione-peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catal ase were evaluated. Results ①H2O2 could cause damage to human keratinocytes dir ectly. There was a significantly negative correlation between H2O2 concentration and cell viability. ②The level of GSH in keratinocytes lowered with treatment of H2O2. The activities of GSH-Px, SOD and catalase decreased. ③Pretreatment o f the cells with TEMPO and TEMPOL inhibited the damaging effects of H2O2 on cell viability and on cell antioxidant enzymatic systems. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that nitroxides may provide protection for cultured human kera tinocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative injury. It is proposed that the effec ts of nitroxides against cell oxidative damage be related to their protection of cellular enzymatic activities and maintaining cellular antioxidant systems.

An in vitro model was built for researching the effects of strain on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The cultured VSMCs was stretched by four-support-bending-beam system, then the project area of cells was measured by computer-image-processing, the adhesion force was measured by micropipette-aspirating system, the α-actin of VSMCs was distinguished by immunocytochemistry and the dynamic of VSMCs was determined by FCM. The results show that: (1) The adhesion force of VSMCs is positively related to time. The adhesion force of unit area is indistinct after stretched for four hour. (2) The amount of α-actin increases with stretching time. (3) The proliferation of VSMCs is a little inhibited by stretched 24 h. These results suggest that the VSMCs in vitro could adjust their behavious to adapt the tension.

The immune effect of two recombinant protein fragments of spike protein in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) was investigated in Balb/c mice. Two partial spike gene fragments S1 (322 1464 bp) and S2 (2170 2814 bp) of SARS coronavirus were amplified by RT-PCR, and cloned into pET-23a prokaryotic expression vector, then transformed into competent Escherichia E. coli BL21 (DE3)(pLysS) respectively. Recombinant proteins were expressed and purified by Ni2+ immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. The purified proteins mixed with complete Freund adjuvant were injected into Balb/c mice three times at a two-week interval. High titer antibody was detected in the serum of immunized Balb/c mice, and mice immunized with S1 protein produced high titer IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3, while those immunized with S2 protein produced high titer IgG1, IgG2a, but lower titer IgG2b and IgG3. Serum IFN-concentration was increased significantly but the concentrations of Il-2, IL-4 and IL-10 had no significant change. And a marked increase was observed in the number of spleen CD8+ T cells. The results showed that recombinant proteins of SARS coronavirus spike protein induced hormonal and cellular immune response in Balb/c mice.

Objective Toinvestigatetheimpactofthedifferentrupturepoints(sac,neck,andtop) of intraoperative aneurysm rupture (IAR)on the prognosis of patients in anterior circulation aneurysm clipping.Methods Theclinicaldataof135consecutivepatients(148aneurysms)acceptedmicrosurgical aneurysm clipping from May 2009 to March 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. The prognostic evaluation of the patients after procedure was assessed by using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). The different aneurysm rupture points of IAR were used as influencing factors,and the relationship between the different rupture pointsandtheprognosisofpatientswasanalyzed.Results Duringclippingof148aneurysmsin 135 patients,31 aneurysms in 30 patients had intraoperative rupture (20. 9% of the aneurysms, 22.2% of the patients). Nine rupture points occurred on the top of aneurysms,17 occurred on the sac,and 5 occurred on neck. The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)scores 5,4,3,2 and 1 were in 17,8,2,1 and 2 patients,respectively. A total of 25 patients had good prognosis and 5 cases had poor prognosis. There were no significant differences in the impact of different rupture points of IAR on the prognosis in patients of IAR (OR,100. 00,95% confidence interval 6. 764-18. 344,P=0. 006). Of the 25 patients with aneurysm sac or top rupture,1 case had poor prognosis. Of the 5 patients with aneurysm neck rupture, 4caseshadpoorprognosis.Conclusion Inanteriorcirculationaneurysmclipping,thedifferent aneurysm rupture points may have significant impact on the prognosis of patients,the aneurysm neck rupture is a main factor for resulting in the poor prognosis of patients.