A cross sectional investigation among 190 children aged 17-58 months showed: the incidences of riboflavin deficiency, anemia, and iron-lack were 62.4%, 19.6%, and 51.4% respectively. The average concentrations of Hb and SF were lower in riboflavin deficiency(RD) children than those in riboflavin normal(RN) children. The incidences of anemia and iron-lack were 23.8% and 68.8% respectively in RD children, while 6.3% and 17.4% in RN children (P

Five iron nutritional resources were chemically determined for twelve nutrients and three deleterious items. It was found that they contained 36 to 432 mg% iron and 48 to 67 g% protein. The relative biological value (RBV) of iron of rabbit liver powder, poultry liver powder, fish liver powder, pig liver powder and yeast powder were 88.5%, 85.5%, 48.0% and 132.5% respectively, as measured by prophylactic assay in rats (using ferrous sulfate as reference standard). Most of these resources are common foods, thus these must be of no trouble for infant iron supplements and easily acceptable for their mothers.

0.05). It seems valid to use this nutritive yeast as a vehicle for iron supplementation. Further studies are discussed.

135 children, aged 18-36 months, were selected from two nurseries and divided into 3 groups. To children in group A, Fe-enriched yeast fortified "Bao Bao Le" formula powder (40+5g per capita per day) was given instead of soybean milk and soybean curd in the ordinary nursery diet. Unfortified "Bao Bao Le" was given to group B as another test food. Children in group C, serving as control, were given ordinary nursery diet. This experiment lasted for three months. Dietary survey, Hb, FEP, SF, serum uric acid concentration, vitamin B2 and C loading tests (4 h) , and anthropometric measurements were determined before and after the experiment.No statistically significant differences were observed in nutrient intake, vitamin loading tests and serum uric acid (seeking for nuclecic acid metabolite) in each group before and after the experiment. At the end of the experiment, changes of Hb, FEP, SF concentration and FEP/Hb indicated that iron status of children in group A was much better than that in groups B and C, with no significant differences between the latter groups. Weight gain and height increment of children in group C were much less than those in groups A and B, with no significant differences between the latter groups too. Therefore we conclude that the improvement of iron status in group A is due to the effect of Fe-enriched yeast contained in the fortified "Bao Bao Le" formula powder.

Objective: To determine the activity of avidin in hens egg white power after heat treatment.Methods: Avidin from dried hens egg white powder was isolated, purified and characterized. Results: 3—6 mg and 1—3 mg of avidin could be detected from 100 g dried egg white powder after 65 ℃,80 ℃ treatments respectively. The specific activity was 9.7 units (65 ℃) or 6.8 units (80 ℃) per mg protein respectively. Conclusion: Avidin does not lose its activity completely after heat treatment at 65℃ or 80℃.

Objective:To design a patient self-rating wrist scale suitable for Chinese patients, and evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods:The primary entry pool was established by referring to the existing foreign scales and the opinions of domestic experts. Opinions of 11 hand surgeons and 10 patients with wrist diseases were referred to select better items into the primary scale. During September 2015 to November 2016, 100 inpatients with wrist diseases in the hand surgery department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected by convenient sampling method, and the primary scale was conducted on them. Eight indices including item response rate, item differentiation, item-dimension attribution, variability, responsiveness, overall item attribution, internal consistency and factor loading were summarized. All the 8 indices were evaluated to establish the wrist patient self-evaluation instrument for Chinese. Test-retest reliability, Cronbach coefficient, expert score, KMO value, explanatory power, χ 2/df, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and comparative fit index (CFI) were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Results:A total of 40 subjective items in the primary entry pool were selected to form the primary scale, including 32 items (A1-D4), and 4 dimensions (physiology, safety, pain and emotion). There were 92 valid scale results in 100 cases. All cases' response rate were over 90%. In terms of item differentiation, only the high grouping score [3.20±0.577 points (range, 1-3 points)] and the low grouping score [2.68±0.627 points (range, 2-5 points)] of item B10 had no statistical significance ( t=5.11, P=0.340). There were 17 items: A1, A2, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12, B4, B6, B7, C5, D1, D2, and D3 were considered to be deleted according to the result of item-dimension attribution. A total of 11 items had a variation less than 0.65: A4 (0.645), A7 (0.593), B1 (0.590), B5 (0.617), B8 (0.578), B9 (0.612), B10 (0.526), D1 (0.644), D2 (0.320), D3 (0.169), D4 (0.526). A2, A4, A6, A8, B4, B6, D1, D2, D3, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 did not meet the reactivity requirements. Items with factor loads less than 0.4: D2 (-0.051), D3 (-0.127), and D4 (0.267). C4 (0.026), C5 (0.023), D1 (0.103), D2 (0.434), D3 (0.387), D4 (0.062) did not meet the internal consistency requirements. In multiple linear regression analysis, 19 items were not included in the final regression equation. Based on the above analysis, D1, D2, and D3 were finally deleted and the rest 29 valid items were remained to form the wrist patient self-evaluation instrument for Chinese. Reliability and validity of the scale: the test-retest reliability of physiology, safety, pain, emotion dimensions were 0.984, 0.976, 0.985 and 0.802 ( P<0.001), respectively. Except for there was only one item in emotion dimension, the Cronbach coefficients of total score, physiology, safety and pain dimensions were 0.943, 0.973, 0.944 and 0.881, respectively. KMO was 0.894 ( P<0.001). Except for there was only one item in emotion dimension, whose validity could not be evaluated. The χ 2/df, CFI, RMSEA results were as follows, physiology: 5.152, 0.817, 0.022, respectively; safety: 5.378, 0.795, respectively; pain: 7.439, 0.865, 0.028, respectively. Conclusion:The wrist patient self-evaluation instrument for Chinese is consisted of 4 dimensions and 29 items. As a subjective wrist self-rating scale suitable for modern Chinese patients, the scale has good reliability and validity, and can be one of the choices of the subjective evaluation for Chinese patients with wrist diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the short-term outcomes of modified reverse Sauvé-Kapandji technique in treating the congenital radioulnar synostosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 46 congenital radioulnar synostosis patients were treated with modified reverse Sauvé-Kapandji technique in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from December 2018 to January 2020, including 38 males (45 sides), 8 females (9 sides), average age 6.6 (3.2, 8.1) years old. All the patients were classified as type III according to Cleary-Omer classification and were followed up for at least 1 year. All the patients were treated with same operation, in which 1.5 cm shaft was resected at the proximal radius, allogeneic graft tendon was used as interposition, and rotational osteotomy was performed in the middle of the ulnar shaft, with intramedullary needle or Kirschner wire fixation, depending on the intramedullary width of ulnar shaft. The radiological features were collected and recorded preoperatively and at the latest follow-up, together with the following evaluation indexes: modified Morrey tasks score, subjective function score, active forearm rotation range without compensation, active forearm rotation range with wrist joint compensation, and active forearm rotation range with wrist and shoulder joint compensation.Results:All patients were followed up for 14.6±3.4 months (range, 11.2-19.5 months). The uncompensated forearm rotation Angle was 0.0°±0.0° before surgery and 62.3°±23.7° after surgery. The forearm rotation angles before and after surgery with wrist compensatory surgery were 86.9°±29.4° and 133.2°±27.9°, respectively. The forearm rotation angles before and after surgery with wrist and shoulder joint compensatory surgery were 205.2°±42.7° and 245.2°±35.8°, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the above indexes before and after surgery ( t=8.71, P<0.001; t=2.54, P=0.030; t=5.05, P<0.001). Ulnar union was observed in 31 patients (37 sides) after the operation, and the union duration was 6.1±2.3 months. There were 15 patients (17 sides) ulnar shafts faced with postoperative delayed union, the union duration was 8.4±1.6 months and were recovered after prolonging brace fixation and orthopedic shock wave treatment. The scores of subjective function and improved Morrey tasks of the 43 sides with good pseudo-joint were 12.1 (0.0, 20.8) and 0.7 (0.0, 1.0) points, respectively, which were improved compared with 33.9 (25.0, 41.6) and 3.2 (2.0, 4.0) points before surgery. The differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.44, P=0.015; Z=-2.83, P=0.005). There were 11 forearms with postoperative pseudo-joint re-ankylosis, the average forearm rotation ranges without compensation was 11.4°±10.5°(range, 0°-30°), the average forearm rotation ranges with wrist compensation was 98.6°±15.9° (range, 80°-120°), the average forearm rotation ranges with wrist and shoulder compensation was 231.7°±16.9° (range, 210°-255°). The average subjective function scores was 26.7 (8.3, 39.6). The average modified Morrey tasks scores was 1.2 (0, 2), and there were no other postoperative complications. Conclusion:The reverse Sauvé-Kapandji technique showed a satisfying short-term outcome, and can be a new choice of treatment for type III congenital radioulnar synostosis.

Objective To explore the short-term and long-term efficacy of arthroscopic surgery,different non-surgical ther-apy and sham operation intervention in the treatment of meniscus related injuries,and to compare their advantages and disadvan-tages,so as to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods Randomized controlled trials on arthroscopic surgery,meniscecto-my and other surgical and non-surgical treatments for knee meniscus injury were searched in PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Librar-y and Web of Science,and the search time was from its inception to July 2023.Two researchers independently screened the liter-ature according to the established literature ranking criteria,and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used to evalu-ate the risk of bias of the included literature,while the PEDro Scale Evaluation Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the liter-ature of the randomized controlled trials,and the collected data were quantitatively analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results From the qualitative analysis,it was clear that surgical therapies might be more appropriately applied to patients without osteo-arthritis and without mechanical symptoms,and that meniscal suture repair surgery had a more favorable long-term outcome compared with traditional partial meniscectomy.Quantitative analysis showed that there was no statistical significance between arthroscopic surgery and other non-surgical therapies in several short and long term efficacy(all P＞0.05).For example,MD=0.15,95％CI:-4.05～4.35,I2=0％in the short-term comparison of Lysholm knee score;MD=-1.30,95％CI:-3.16～0.57,I2=0％;Short-term VAS score MD=-0.18,95％CI:-0.59～0.23,I2=45％;MD=-0.01,95％CI:-0.20～0.19,I2=36％.In addition,in the subgroup analysis of degenerative meniscus injury alone,the difference in clinical efficacy between the two therapies was also not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).Conclusion There is no practical difference between surgi-cal therapy and non-surgical therapy in the short-term and long-term outcomes.For single type injury,such as degenerative me-niscus injury,there is no practical difference between the two therapies.

Metatarsal Bones/surgery* ; Thumb/abnormalities* ; Metacarpal Bones/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures

Objective:To evaluate the effects of preoperative transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) and intraoperative deep wound local anesthesia on improving postoperative pain in kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 62 recipients who underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023. The recipients were divided into three groups according to the different methods of postoperative analgesia: group A ( n=11), group B ( n=28) and group C ( n=23). Group A received preoperative TAPB anesthesia, group B received intraoperative deep wound local anesthesia, and group C received conventional anesthesia. Demographic characteristics, intraoperative parameters, postoperative pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 0, 2, 12 and 24 hours, postoperative analgesic medication requirement, time to postoperative oral intake, and incidence of complications were compared among the three groups. The normality of measurement data was tested by Shapiro-Wilk method. Measurement data conforming to normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). ANOVA was used for comparison between groups, and S-N-K method was used for pairwise comparison between groups with differences. Measurement data that did not conform to the normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile distance) [ M( Q1, Q3)], Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups, and Bonferroni was used for pairwise comparison after the fact if there were differences between groups. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used for comparison between data groups. Results:There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics and intraoperative parameters among the three groups ( P>0.05). The pain VAS scores at 0, 2, 12 and 24 h after surgery in group A and group B were significantly lower than those in group C ( P<0.001), and the pain VSA scores at 0 and 24 h were no difference between group A and group B, while the pain VAS scores at 2 and 12 h were lower in group A than those in group B. The postoperative analgesic medication requirement was also significantly lower in group A and group B than those in group C, the requirement rate of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug in group A was lower than that in group B. Moreover, the time to postoperative oral intake was significantly shorter in group A and group B compared to group C. These differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting or major complications among the three groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative TAPB and intraoperative deep wound local anesthesia can effectively alleviate postoperative pain in kidney transplant recipients, reduce the use of analgesic medication, promote early recovery of gastrointestinal function in donors, and do not increase the incidence of postoperative complications. The analgesic effect of deep wound local anesthesia was similar to preoperative TAPB.