Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition that substantially degrades patient quality of life. Acupuncture is recognized as an effective therapeutic approach for various urological diseases. However, there is limited evidence validating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for OABs. Objective: To assess the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture for OAB and to investigate the potential mechanisms by analyzing its effects on relevant urinary biomarkers. Methods: This is a randomized, participants and outcome assessors blinded, sham acupuncture controlled trial. A total of 110 patients with OABs will be randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio between the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups. Participants in the acupuncture group will undergo 30-min authentic acupuncture, while their counterparts in the sham acupuncture group will undergo sham acupuncture needling non-acupoints superficially three times weekly for a duration of 8 weeks. The two co-primary outcomes will be the change in the mean number of micturitions per 24 h from baseline to the end of the 8-week treatment and 20-week follow-up. The secondary outcomes will encompass the change in Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form, and average 24 h values of urgency, daytime micturition, nocturia, and mean volume voided per micturition from baseline to weeks 8 and 20. Urinary nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels will be measured at baseline and week 8. Adverse events will also be documented. Discussion The results of this trial will provide evidence for the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the management of OAB.

Objecfive To investigate the change of V-ATPase B subunits on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)in rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Methods NRK52E cells were stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L)for O h(control),12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h after sefrum-free culture for 24 h.The mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin,α-SMA,B2 and B1 subunits of V-ATPase were detected by real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results After stimulated by TGF-β1 (10 μg/L)for 48 h,the expression of α-SMA was markedly increased(P<0.05),but the expression of E-cadherin was dramatically decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the expressions of V-ATPase subunit B2 was significantly increased (P<0.05).However,the B1 subunit distributed rarely in NRK 52E cells,and did not increase after TGF-β1 stimulation.Double-label immunofluoerscence staining also showed that the V-ATPase B2 subunit was increased in the cytosol.tending to accumulate to the cell membrane after TGF-β1 stimulation. Conclusions The main isoform of V-ATPase distributed in NRK52E cells is B2 subunit.B2 subunit is increased alone with TGF-β1-induced EMT.It may suggest that V-ATPase B2 subunit may play a potential role in TGF-β1-induced tubular EMT and renal fibrosis.

Objective: To systematically analyze the revisions content and technological development trends of microbiological standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2025 Edition, and explore its novel requirements in risk-based pharmaceutical product lifecycle management.
Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on 26 microbiological-related standards to summarize the revision directions and scientific implications from perspectives including the revision overview, international harmonization of microbiological standards, risk-based quality management system, and novel tools and methods with Chinese characteristics.
Results: The ChP 2025 edition demonstrates three prominent features in microbiological-related standards: enhanced international harmonization, introduced emerging molecular biological technologies, and established a risk-based microbiological quality control system.
Conclusion: The new edition of the Pharmacopoeia has systematically constructed a microbiological standard system, which significantly improves the scientificity, standardization and applicability of the standards, providing a crucial support for advancing the microbiological quality control in pharmaceutical industries of China.

In recent years, the demand of biologics has increased rapidly. Cell culture process with perfusion mode has become more and more popular due to its high productivity, good quality and high efficiency. In this paper, the unique operation and the details of process optimization for perfusion culture mode are discussed by comparing with traditional batch culture process. Meanwhile, the progress and strategies in the development and optimization of perfusion culture process in recent years are summarized to provide reference for the future development of mammalian cell perfusion culture technology.
Animals ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; trends ; Bioreactors ; standards ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Mammals ; Perfusion

It is believed that the endoscopic manifestations of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome （IC/BPS） such as extensive bleeding and Hunner's ulcers as well as its recurrent and prolonged condition are in line with the characteristics of sores and ulcers in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the treatment can be referred to TCM theory of sores and ulcers. The mechanism of IC/BPS is characterized by root deficiency and branch excess. The root cause is deficiency of the spleen and kidney qi， while the manifesting factors are dampness-heat and blood stasis. The treatment is based on the principles of promoting and supplementing， combining with resolving therapy， so that the symptoms could be relieved by promoting blood circulation and clearing heat， unblocking the collaterals and relieve pain. In clinical practice， modified Neituo Shengji Powder （内托生肌散） was commonly used to boost qi and invigorate blood， expel swollen sore and express toxin； combining with Sijunzi Decoction （四君子汤） or Suoquan Pill （缩泉丸） based on specific symptoms to strengthen the spleen and kidneys， thereby reinforcing healthy qi； according to concurrent symptoms like blood stasis， dampness heat， prescription with Sanleng （Cyperus rotundus）， Ezhu （Curcuma aromatica Salisb） to invigorate blood and dissolve stasis， or Yiyiren （Coix lacryma-jobi）， Zexie （Alisma plantago-aquatica） to clear heat and drain dampness.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of resveratrol promoting fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) degradation in skeletal muscle of male obese mice． Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL /6 mice were randomly divided into three groups : standard control diet ( SCD) ，high-fat diet ( HFD) and high-fat diet treated with resveratrol (HFD + RES) ．HFD + RES group was intervened with resveratrol via gavage ［400 mg / kg · d) ］ while fed HFD for 20 weeks．The body mass，serum TG，TC，LDL-C and HDL-C levels were detected．The pathological changes in skeletal muscle were detected by HE staining．The expression of FNDC5，SIRT1，SIRT2，LC3， p62，Beclin-1，ATG5，ATG7 was assessed by immunohistochemistry，RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Results: The body mass ，serum TG ，TC and LDL-C levels increased significantly ，meanwhile HDL-C levels decreased in HFD group．Lipid deposition between skeletal muscle fibers were obvious in HFD group．The immuno- histochemistry results showed that protein expression levels of SIRT1，SIRT2 and LC3 obviously decreased，while the protein levels of FNDC5 and p62 obviously increased．The expression levels of FNDC5 significantly increased， while the gene expression levels of SIRT1，SIRT2，LC3，Atg7 and Beclin-1 obviously decreased．All these responses were attenuated by treatment with RES． Conclusion RES has obvious effects of lipid-lowering and promoting FNDC5 degradation in skeletal muscle tissues，which may be related with SIRT1 and SIRT2-induced autophagy， thus resulting in degradation of FNDC5 .