Objective To investigate the current situation of the cognition of diabetic patients to the targets of treatment and management,and then make clear the relationship between the treatment targets and the blood glucose concentration and the quality of life among diabetic patients. Methods Investigated 150 diabetic patients randomly by 3 kinds of scales: ① targets of treatment and management scale;② quality of life scale;③ communication between the doctor and the patients questionary. Results When the patients set the targets of treatment and management,especially these targets were in agreement with those of doctor,their blood sugar were always controlled well(P

Objective To evaluate the graduation clinical skill examination based on objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) for college nursing undergraduates.Methods Classic OSCE was simplified and taken as references for nursing undergraduate graduation clinical skill examination including nursing evaluation,nursing dignosis,nursing intervention and health education for stations.Self-made questionnaire was conducted among students.Examination scores and the questionnaire results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.Measurement data and categorical data were shown as ((x)±s) and ％ respectively.T test was used in comparison between the groups according to the inspection level of α =0.05,P ＜ 0.05 means significant difference.Results Simplified OSCE was composed of 4 stations and the mean score was (80.38 ± 4.22) with mean scoring rate of the 4 stations varied from 72.2％ to 88.0％.More than 93％ students thought that OSCE score can or basically can evaluate comprehensive clinical nursing competence,clinical thinking,communicating and adaptability.Conclusions Simplified OSCE is designed properly for the objective evaluation of nursing students' clinical competence and students are mostly satisfied with its design and organization,quality and efficiency.

Objective To explore the distribution of pathogens, bacterial drug resistance, clinical features and prognosis of bacterial meningitis (BM) in children.MethodsThe clinical data of children diagnosed with BM during January 2011 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Children were divided into good outcome group and poor outcome group by the outcome at discharge. The distribution of pathogens, bacterial drug resistance, clinical features, and prognosis were analyzed among different groups.ResultsThere were included 95 children diagnosed with BM,. among whom 69 (72.6%) children had Gram-positive bacterial infections with predominantStreptococcus pneumonia (43 cases, 45.3%) and 26 (27.4%) children had Gram-negative bacterial infections with predominantEscherichia coli (13 cases, 13.7%). More than 50%Streptococcus pneumonia andEscherichia coli were resisted to penicillin. The neurological complications in children with BM included subdural effusions, hydrocephalus, cerebral parenchyma injury, and hearing and visual impairment, et.al. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that consciousness, coma, and low level of glucose in cerebrospinal lfuid were the independent risk factors for adverse outcome at discharge.ConclusionStreptococcus pneumonia andEscherichia coli were the predominant pathogens in children with BM with high resistance rate to penicillin. BM children may have varying degrees of neurological sequelae. The unconsciousness and low level of glucose in cerebrospinal lfuid were associated with unfavorable outcomes at discharge.

Objective To determine the prevalence of latex glove(LG)-induced type Ⅳ hypersensitivity in clinical nurses. Methods 100 clinical nurses were selected,among whom 69 nurses were set as the latex glove hypersensitivity group,and the other 31 nurses did not show hypersensitivity to latex glove (the control group).The two groupe underwent a patch testing with a modified European standard series of allergens supplied by Chemotechnique Diagnostics.The positive allergens were compared between the two groups. Results The positive rate of patch testing in patients of the latex glove hypersensitivity group was superior to that in the control group (73.9％ vs 25.8％).Cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate were the most common allergens in both groups,while only formaldehyde and para-phenylenediamine were more susceptible in the latex glove hypersensitivity group compared with that in the control group.26.1％ of the latex glove hypersensitivity group was responsive to rubber additives,but in the control group the results were negative.Conclusions The hand dermatitis of female nurses with LG allergy is mainly caused by exposure to daily necessities.The prevalence of LG-induced type Ⅳ hypenensitivity is relatively high in clinical murses.

Objective To investigate the correlation between social factors and postpartum depression.Methods A total of 182 parturients were investigated with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)and self-designed questionnaire.The social factors and postpartum depression of parturients were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results Family income,relation of family,relation of couples,sex of newborns and negative life events were associated with the risk of postpartum depression.Conclusions Low family income,bad relation of family,bad relation of couples,female newborns,and negative life events during pregnancy may increase the risk of postpartum depression.

To explore the dynamic expression and role of Aquaporin5 (AQP5) in lung development and hyperoxia lung injury, gestation 21-day Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (term=22 days) were randomly assigned to air group and hyperoxia group within 12-24 h after birth. The rats in hyperoxia group were continuously exposed to about 85% oxygen and those in air group to room air. After 1 to 14 days of exposure, total lung RNA was extracted and the expression of AQP5 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry and western-blot were used to detect the expression of AQP5 protein. The results showed that the expression of AQP5 in premature rats lung could be detected at various time points after birth, and the positive staining was restricted to the type I alveolar epithelial cells. In air group, the AQP5 expression was detected in a very low level at day 1, but exhibited a persistent increase after birth. Compared with the air group, the expression of AQP5 in hyperoxia group was increased at day 1, and had significant difference in mRNA level (P<0.05), but decreased significantly in mRNA and protein levels after 4 to 14 days (P<0.01 or P<0.05 respectively). It was concluded that AQP5 might play a key role in the alveolar period of premature rats by regulating the lung water balance. Hyperoxia exposure leads to a down-regulation of the AQP5 expression, which may be an important factor for the development of hyperoxia lung injury.

To explore the dynamic expression and role of Aquaporin5 (AQP5) in lung development and hyperoxia lung injury, gestation 21-day Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (term=22 days) were randomly assigned to air group and hyperoxia group within 12-24 h after birth. The rats in hypreoxia group were continuously exposed to about 85% oxygen and those in air group to room air. After 1 to 14 days of exposure, total lung RNA was extracted and the expression of AQP5 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry and western-blot were used to detect the expression of AQP5 protein. The results showed that the expression of AQP5 in premature rats lung could be detected at various time points after birth, and the positive staining was restricted to the type Ⅰ alveolar epithelial cells. In air group, the AQP5 expression was detected in a very low level at day 1, but exhibited a persistent increase after birth. Compared with the air group, the expression of AQP5 in hyperoxia group was increased at day l, and had significant difference in mRNA level (P＜0.05), but decreased significantly in mRNA and protein levels after 4 to 14 days (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05 respectively). It was concluded that AQP5 might play a key role in the alveolar period of premature rats by regulating the lung water balance. Hyperoxia exposure leads to a down-regulation of the AQP5 expression, which may be an important factor for the development of hyperoxia lung injury.

ObjectiveBased on the inhibitory activity of phosphodiesterase （PDE）， a method for determining the anti-inflammatory activity of Qingjin Huatantang was established to supplement and improve the quality control system of this famous classical formula. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to determine the activity of PDE， and the dose-effect relationship of inhibiting PDE activity of Qingjin Huatantang was investigated. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution （5∶95）， and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. By measuring the PDE inhibition rate of multiple batches of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder， biological activity was marked with the activity of the neutralizing enzyme in the international unit U. ResultWhen the concentration of reaction substrate （cyclic adenosine monophosphate） was 50 μmol·L^-1 and the reaction time was 60 min， the enzymatic reaction was stable with 4 U·mL^-1 of PDE. In this reaction system， when the concentration of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder was 0.11-3.0 g·L^-1， the inhibitory effect of PDE showed a concentration-dependent relationship. It was determined that the concentration of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder to be tested was 1 g·L^-1， which showed a significant and stable inhibitory effect on PDE， and the inhibitory rate was >45%， that is， 1 mg of Qingjin Huatantang water extract lyophilized powder could neutralize the activity of 1.8 U PDE at least. ConclusionThis study establishes a biological activity evaluation method of Qingjin Huatantang based on the inhibitory activity of PDE， and the anti-inflammatory activity of Qingjin Huatantang is characterized by international unit U of PDE activity， which can provide a new method for the determination of biological activity of traditional Chinese medicine compounds.