The paper systematically introduces the teaching content and method of Introduction to Modern Clinical Medicine, which is an optional course especially for the non-medical students in those majors like Pharmacy, Medical Trading, Biotechnology, Sanitary Inspection ect. The paper also deeply discusses the problems of designing principle, the depth and extent of the teaching content.

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC-PDA method for determination of five triterpenic acids (pomolic acid, hawthorn acid, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) in different parts of Salvia chinensis.

METHODThe isocratic elution and separation was achieved on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), using acetonitrile-water (90:10) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength and column temperature were set at 205 nm and 28 degrees C, respectively.

RESULTThe calibration curves of pomolic acid, hawthorn acid, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were linear over the ranges of 0.096 0-2.400, 0.1230-3.075, 0.2420-6.050, 0.2830-7.075 and 0.2730-6.825 microg (r = 0.9998, 0.9997, 0.9999, 0.9995, 0.9999), respectively. The average recoveries were 98.43%, 98.13%, 100.6%, 98.19% and 99.15%%, respectively, with RSD (n=6) being 1.3%, 0.67%, 1.2%, 0.87% and 0.43%.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method is so simple and highly reproducible that it promises to be applicable for determination of major triterpenic acids in S. chinensis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Salvia ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in Chinese pediatric patients' permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage by performing panoramic radiographs analysis.

METHODSA total of 4 347 panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients aged 5 years to 15 years who were admitted to the hospitals from September 2011 to September 2013 were reviewed. The presence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities were recorded as follows: congenitally absent teeth, supernumerary teeth, odontoma, microdontia, fused teeth, dilaceations, and cusp deformity. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in pediatric patients' permanent teeth was 31.79% (1,382/4,347). The prevalence was higher in males. Significant difference between the genders was observed (P < 0.05). Tooth agenesis, the most frequent dental anomaly (15.00%, 652/4,347), was considerably common in females; supernumerary teeth (12.61%, 548/4,347) followed, which was significantly common in males. Both differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of prevalence of both microdontia and dilacerations were 4.00% (174/4,347) and 2.16% (94/4,347). The prevalence of cusp deformity, odontoma, and fused teeth were relatively low at 0.74% (32/4,347), 0.51% (22/4,347), and 0.39% (17/4,347), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of teeth number and morphology abnormalities in children's permanent teeth at the mixed dentition stage is apparently high. Tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth are the most frequent. Panoramic radiograph is an efficient method for the early diagnosis of teeth number and morphology abnormalities. This method can assist pediatric dentists to formulate treatment plans for children at the appropriate time.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Dentists ; Dentition, Mixed ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Fused Teeth ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Odontoma ; epidemiology ; Patient Care Planning ; Prevalence ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Sex Factors ; Tooth Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology

99Mo is the main raw material of 99Mo-99Tcm generator,its production stability directly determines the supply of 99Tcm.There exists very limited number of irradiation and processing facilities for fission 99Mo all over the world and most of them are aging.Different facets of problems are emerging,such as those related to supply chain withdrawal,reaction target changes,and maintenance shutdowns.This paper focuses on the discussion of the current supply status of fission 99Mo worldwide,its related problems and possible solutions offered by the corresponding agencies of different countries,operational parties,and the authors themselves.

Aim To study the application status of odds ratio for medical animal experiments.Methods Odds ratio and seven kinds of animal models were used as retrieval strategy to search medical animal experiment related papers in several Chinese and English databases.Papers relating to each kind of animal model and using odds ratio in abstract and text were counted. Data from different databases were compared. Calculation of odds ratio was exemplified and the significance of different odds ratio values was illustrated in this paper.Results Few medical animal experiments cited odds ratio as statistics.Conclusions The importance of odds ratio has not been fully recognized in Chinese references.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Malignant Atrophic Papulosis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Purpose To establish a new method for detecting p16INK4a in cervical tissues with time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA).Methods 126 cases of paraffin imbedding tissues of cervix were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) of EnVision two-step and TRFIA.Results There were 20 cases of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,24 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL),53 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 29 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).In the groups of no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,HSIL and SCC,p161NK4a positive was seen in 1,19,53 and 28,respectively.TRFIA test results displayed p16INK4a positive in 3,17,50 and 27 cases,respectively.Positive of p16 using by TRFIA in no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,LSIL,above HSIL was 15.00％,70.83％ and 93.90％,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion TRFIA is suitable for detecting of p16INK4a protein and demand low detection equipment,p16INK4a expression detected by TRFIA may helpful for large scale detection in various clinical institution.

Objective To identify the differentially expressed genes in Uigur and Kazak patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The differentially expressed cDNA bands were isolated by fluorescent mRNA differential display from peripheral blood leucocyte of the Uigur and Kazak patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the normal controls. After being cloned, all cDNA fragments were sequenced, then underwent sequence analysis, homogenous comparison,and Northern blot analysis. Results Z5、Z8、Z15 differentially expressed cDNA fragments were found.They were over-expressed in the normal controls and were lower or scarced in the Uigur and Kazak patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were selected for sequencing and hybridization. Z5、Z8 showed highly homologous to cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes,Z15 are unknown. Conclusion Three differentially expressed genes may have a potential relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Horizontal impacted lower third molars are often adjacent to the inferior alveolar nerve,direct extraction may cause trauma and complications,the most serious complication is inferior alveolar nerve damage.This article reports one case of horizontal impacted lower third molar adjacent to the mandibular nerve canal,the molar was extracted by minimal anchorage pulling for 1 week and then removed smoothly.

Objective To construct the fibroblast-specific non-viral vector pcDNA3-CEP-BMP-2 containing collagen 1A2 enhancer and promoter,and to validate the enhancement of BMP-2 expression in the human dermal fibroblasts by this vector,compared with the routine non-viral BMP2 vector. Methods The sequences for collagen 1A2 enhancer and promotor,and BMP-2 gene were ligated into the pcDNA3 plasmids.The plasmids were transfected into human skin fibroblasts and vein endothelial cells by means of cationic liposomes.The expressions of the plasmids in these two kinds of cells were detected by RT-PCR.The osteogenic phonotypes of fibroblasts were determined.(Results)pcDNA3-CEP-BMP-2,which contained collagen 1A2 enhancer and promoter could enhance the BMP-2 expression in the fibroblasts but not in vein endothelial cells.Osteogenetic phenotypes were more obvious in the fibroblasts transfected with pcDNA3-CEP-BMP-2 than in pcDNA3-BMP-2-transfected ones. Conclusion Collagen 1A2 enhancer and promoter can enhance BMP2 expression in fibroblasts.