Somatostatin is a regulatory peptide,widely distributed in the brain,pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.Clinically,somatostatin and its analogues have been widely used in the treatment of diseases such as acute pancreatitis.Based on studies on the mechanism,such as inhibiting of inflammatory reaction,reducing endotoxin level,inhibiting oxidative damage,enhancing immune function,protecting cells and reducing ischemiareperfusion injury,it may play a certain role in sepsis,especially in the comorbidity or secondary to pancreatic and gastrointestinal damage.Somatostatin is relatively safe in clinical application.

ABSTRACT:Norovirus infection in human and animals can cause acute viral gastroenteritis .With molecular biology ,cell culture and animal models of development ,the different groups of norovirus genome sequenced ,the virus capsid protein ex‐pressed in vitro in eukaryotic ,prokaryotic and plant systems ,and thus the characteristics of the virus with some new under‐standing and perspective .Recently ,an increasing number of studies were focused on the norovirus and related topics along with the research progress all around the world .Here we systematically expound the latest advances in norovirus research from dif‐ferent aspects ,such as genome structure and function ,cell culture ,tissue tropism ,epidemiology ,virus infection mechanism , detection methods and vaccine development .Furthermore ,different viewpoints for norovirus molecular evolution ,detection technology and transmission route will be discussed as well .

AIM: To observe the effect of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) expression induced by glutamine on Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced vascular hyporeactivity in rats.METHODS: Twenty four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into: the control group (n=8); LPS shock group (n=8); glutamine(Gln) treated group (Gln 0.75 g?kg-1 iv, n=8). 6 h after LPS shock, phenylephrine (PE, 0.5-2.5 ?g?kg-1 ) was applied intravenously to all groups and the percentage increase in mean arterial pressure(MAP) was detected, respectively. The concentration-response curves of aorta rings were obtained by cumulative addition of phenylephrine (PE), and PE Emax, EC50 were calculated. The blood concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-? and IL-6 were assayed in all groups 30 min and 360 min after LPS shock, respectively. The expressions of HSP70 from heart and aorta were also assayed after 6 h LPS shock.RESULTS: The MAP level induced by PE significantly decreased by 51.4% in LPS shock group compared with the control (P

Objective To summarize the effect of airpump nebulization inhalation combining with vibration sputum discharge device in treatment of infants suffering from severe pneumonia and its main nursing point.Methods 138 infants who were attacked by severe pneumonia were divided stochastically into the control group and the experimental group with 69 infants in each group.Infants in both groups were treated with routine method.After airpump nebulization inhalation,sputum extraction was implemented for infants in the control group on basis of common remedy,while after airpump nebulization inhalation,sputum discharge and sputum extraction by mechanical vibration were implemented immediately for infants in the experimental group on basis of common remedy.The treatment effect was compared between two groups.Results Comparison between the two groups showed that in the experimental group,the time for fever,cough,expectoration and hospitalization was shorter,chest X-ray improved,PaO2 rose and PaCO2 lowered.Medical cost and cost-effect ratio decreased.Conclusions Airpump nebulization inhalation combining vibration sputum discharge device can effectively solve the problem of sputum accumulation for infants,improve physical sign of lung,shorten course of disease and alleviate state of infant's illness.

Objective: To obtain the full-length cDNA of β-amyrin synthase (bAS) involved in triterpene saponin biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolius and provide the reference for saponin biosynthesis and the regulation of secondary metabolism in P. quinquefolius. Methods: Based on large-scale ESTs sequencing and RACE technology, the full-length cDNA of P. quinquefolius bAS (PqbAS) was obtained. Results: The full-length cDNA of PqbAS (GenBank No. JX185490) was 2 309 bp which included an open reading frame (ORF) code of 631 amino acid peptide. Common conserved domains of oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) were found in PqbAS including active sites and conserved sequence. Singal P4.0 analysis showed that PqbAS was a non-secreted protein. Tmhmm 2.0 analysis showed that PqbAS was a non-transmembrane protein. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed PqbAS gene expressed in various organs, higher in flowers and stems while relatively lower in roots and leaves. Conclusion: The full-length of bAS is first cloned, which could provide the foundation for the investigation on expression characteristics and its role in synthesis of saponin.

Scar formation, also known as tissue fibrosis, is a common response when most organs of the body get pathological damage.The cell populations involved are as follows: circulating fibroblasts from bone marrow, endothelial cells, resident fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and perivascular cells(pericytes).Pericytes are a kind of vascular wall cells, surrounding endothelial cells on the side of basement membrane in the microvascular system.It plays an important role in angiogenesis, maintaining the blood-brain barrier, regulating function of capillary blood, mediating the entry of immune cells into the brain, fibrosis response and so on.There is accumulating evidence suggests that pericytes are involved in the scar formation of central nervous system.This article reviews the scar formation process of central nervous system diseases such as spinal cord injury, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury, with emphasis on the role of pericytes in scar formation of central nervous system.On this basis, the perspective of pericytes involved in the regulation of scar formation is given.

The EU is an international bridge of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and TCM in EU is of strategic importance. In this paper the progress on policies and regulations and approved products of herbal medical products in EU in 10 years were briefly reviewed, registration regulations were systematically, studied and some typical cases were analyzed. To provide reference for successful registration of TCM in EU and implementation of international strategy of TCM, five key elements (i. e. registration classification, approval procedure, approval authority, application product and application enterprise) to break through the registration barriers on TCM in EU were putted forwards correspondingly.
Drug Approval ; European Union ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Policy ; Publications ; Social Control, Formal

Traditional Chinese herbal medicine is the important carrier of TCM. Traditional Chinese medicine industry has always been a traditional superior industry in our country. As traditional Chinese herbal medicine is recognized and accepted by more and more people, quality problems have become a critical problem that cannot be ignored. This article proposed a full traceability system of traditional Chinese herbal medicine based on the Internet big data, with a purpose to solve the quality problems and build a consummate and healthy market of Chinese herbal medicine.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing complicated urinary tract infection. Methods Distribution and resistance of pathogens in 260 culture-positive hospitalized complicated urinary tract patients from 1995 to 2001 were analyzed. Results Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 77. 3% , with 44. 2% of E. Coli. Gram-positive cocci accounted for 16. 9% , with 11. 6% of Enterococci; and fungi accounted for 5. 8%. E. Coli had the highest resistance rate of 84. 1% for ampicillin. Resistance rate of E. Coli to amoxicillin/clavulate(21. 3% ) was significantly lower than that to ampicillin alone ( P

Objective:To investigate the change of the serum IL-18, sFas and sFasL levels in patients with severe burn and its correlation with the morbid condition and outcome Methods:Thirty patients, including three fatal cases, had burn with a total burn surface area (TBSA) of 30% or more 45 healthy volunteers were as control group The serum IL-18, sFas and sFasL levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at various time points ( 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days) burn later Results:Compared with control group, the levels of IL-18, sFas and sFasL of patients increased significantly after burn (P