Objective: To assess the autonomic nervous impairm ent in chronic renal failure and its related factors. Methods: F orty adults were randomly selected including in-patients in the nephrology ward and healthy subjects for routine medical examination. The subjects were classifi ed into 4 groups: normal subjects(NS)，normal renal function，nitremia， uremic patients. The time domain measurements of heart rate variability(HRV) and ambula tory blood pressure were analyzed simultaneously . Results: (1) There were significant differences as compared with normal subjects in the time domain measurements of HRV in uremic group. It decreased significantly when the patient was defined as end stage chronic renal failure. There were no significan t differences between NS，normal renal function group and nitremic group. (2) Ti me domain measurements of HRV was significantly lower(P<0.05) in uremia with renal hypertension than in uremia with normal blood pressure. Conclusio n: (1) Patients with chronic renal failure(HRV) have their cardiac auton omic nervous system impaired conspicuously in the course of uremia. (2) There is a positive correlation between cardiac autonomic nervous system impairment in p atients with CRF and renal function levels. Uremia itself is an independent fact or for the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system. (3) Renal hypertensio n with uremia may intensify the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system of the patients.

Objective: To assess the autonomic nervous impairment in chronic renal failure and its related factors. Methods: Forty adults were randomly selected including in patients in the nephrology ward and healthy subjects for routine medical examination. The subjects were classified into 4 groups: normal subjects(NS),normal renal function,nitremia, uremic patients. The time domain measurements of heart rate variability(HRV) and ambulatory blood pressure were analyzed simultaneously . Results: (1) There were significant differences as compared with normal subjects in the time domain measurements of HRV in uremic group. It decreased significantly when the patient was defined as end stage chronic renal failure. There were no significant differences between NS,normal renal function group and nitremic group. (2) Time domain measurements of HRV was significantly lower( P

Objective This retrospective study was based on 1 415 cases that had been done the flex-ible bronchoscopy examination.The data were analysed to investigate the value of flexible bronchoscope in the children's respiratory system diseases diagnosis,treatment and etiological study.Methods A total of 1 415 cases who admitted from June 2012 to December 2013 were included in the study and they were all met the inclusion criteria,had complete clinical data,done bronchoscope examinations,abnormal in the broncho-scope and diagnosed definitely.The endoscopic manifestation,clinical symptoms,X-ray film,laboratory data were analysed.Results In 1 415 cases,55.4% were boy,and 55.5% were younger than 5 years.Two cases (0.14%)were laryngeal cartilage soften,one case(0.07%)was epiglottic cyst,3 cases(0.21 %)were tra-cheomalacia,25 cases(1.8%)were bronchial foreign bodies,20 cases(1.4%)were tracheal bronchus de-formity,8 cases(5.7%)were tracheal stenosis,two cases(0.14%)were bronchial bridge,5 cases(0.35%) were bronchiolitis obliterans,6 cases (0.42%)were bronchiectasis,one case(0.07%)was immotile cilia syndrome,10 cases (0.71%)were bronchial tuberculosis,one case (0.07%)was aspergillosis,one case (0.07%)was pulmonary hemosiderosis,2 cases (0.14%)were pulmonary arteriovenous fistula,9 cases (0.63%)were plastic bronchitis,1 316 cases(93%)were founded tracheal intima inflammation,including the 350 cases(24.7%)of edema,mucosal folds form,279 cases(19.7%)of mucus plug obstruction,176 cases(12.4%)of suppurative obstruction,355 cases(25.1 %)of tracheal mucosal erosion necrosis,156 ca-ses(1 1.1 %)of wall fibrosis,stenosis,occlusion.Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most common pathogen dectected in alveolar lavage.We also found that mycoplasma pneumonia easily combined the infection of bac-teria.A total of 1 19(22.7%)cases were no pathogens detected.In 1 415 cases,the main adverse reaction in the operations was hypoxemia caused by airway obstruction.Conclusion Flexible bronchoscopy examination is a very safe and reliable operation in diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in pediat-rics,and plays an important role in the diagnosis of congenital developmental airway diseases,detection of pneumonia patho-gens and the treatment of lobe pneumonia.

Objective This study was designed to examine the clinical characteristics of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a teaching hospital and the risk factors for 30-day mortality.Methods A single center retrospective cohort study was conducted for all the patients with BSI caused by S.aureus between 2008 and 2015.The data of clinical features,microbiology,and 30-day mortality were collected from the database of electronic medical records.Results A total of 121 patients with S.aureus BSI were identified.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) was 17.4％ (21/121).MRSA BSIs were significantly associated with old age (≥65 years) (P=0.026),hospital acquired infection (P=0.035),respiratory tract infection (P=0.001),polyinfection (P=0.005) and inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy (P=0.001) than methicillin-sensitive S.aureus (MS SA) BSIs.The 30-day mortality was 18.2％ (22/121).Both univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that solid tumor (OR,8.932,P=0.004) and septic shock (OR,56.721,P＜0.001) were independently associated with the 30-day mortality.Conclusions The present study confirms that solid tumor and septic shock are more important risk factors than MRSA in mortality of patients with S.aureus BSI.

Objective To investigate the advantages of pediatric electronic fiber bronchoscope ( FBO) in the infant bronchial foreign body,discuss the clinical features of infant bronchial foreign body,lung imaging characteristics and the kinds of microscopically position,the change of airway mucosa after stimulation by for-eign body under local anesthesia in 30 cases of infant bronchial foreign body. Methods Thirty cases,aged 0 to 3 years,were collected from September to December,2014. All of them were with foreign bodies examined by FBO in pediatric bronchoscopy room in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Results In all infants, 6 cases (20. 0%) without history of inhaled foreign bodies and 24 cases (80. 0%) with a record history of in-haled. In the aspects of signs:normal breath sounds with a history of no choking cough in children were 2 cases (6. 7%) ,wheezing sounds were 3 patients (10. 0%) and weakened side breath sound was 1 case (3. 3%);with a history of choking cough in children,6 cases(20. 0%) with normal breath sounds,12 cases(40. 0%) with wheez-ing,6 cases(20. 0%) with lateral breath sounds less. Lung imaging characteristics was lack of specific perform-ance:only a case of all(n=30)show foreign body directly. Otherwise,other 29 cases had no specificity. Lung em-physema in 13 cases (43. 3%) is the main characteristic,while normal imaging findings in 2 cases (6. 7%). For-eign bodies in 19 cases were in the left lung (63. 4%) and 21 cases(70. 0%) of foreign body stimulated granula-tion inside airway,necrosis sputum bolt in distal obstruction of airway occured in 5 cases (16. 7%). Inhalled time of foreign body in airway was 4. 5 [2. 8,12. 5] day and inhalled time of foreign body in airway correlation coefficient with granulation hyperplasia(r=0. 688,P=0. 000),there was a significant correlation. Main adverse reaction was low oxygen in 6 cases (16. 7%). Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of FBO under local anesthesia on children is high-er than other methods,and the FBO bronchial foreign bodies under local anesthesia is a safe and effective method.