Objective To evaluate the short-term effect of leuprorelin acetate microspheres in preventing recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after conservative surgery.Methods From January 2011 to September 2011,190 ovarian endometrioma patients undergoing conservative laparoscopic surgery at Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were enrolled in this retrospective study.Among 184 patients were followed up,the range of following up were 12 to 21 months.116 cases presented dysmenorrheal.Based on postoperative treatment,they were classified into 124 cases treated by domestic gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) post-operatively for 3-6 months and 60 cases without postoperative treatment.Among all,63 patients were treated with,that was leuprorelin acetate microspheres for injection (Beiyi,3.75 mg,q28 d),61 patients were treated with imported GnRH-a post-operatively for 3-6 months,that were either Zoladex (3.6 mg,q28 d),Dophereline (3.75 mg,q28 d) or Enatone (3.75 mg,q28 d).The recurrence and pain improvement were compared among those groups.Results (1) The total rate of cyst recurrence was 12.5％ (23/184) while the average recurrent time was (13.7 ±2.6) months (2-21 months).The cyst recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients treated with GnRH-a post-operatively than those who didn't take medications [21.7％ (13/60) versus 8.1％ (10/24),P ＜ 0.05].However,there was no significant difference between domestic GnRH-a group and the imported one [7.9％ (5/63) versus 8.2％ (5/61),P ＞ 0.05].(2) After conservative surgery,symptoms were found to be relieved in 87.1％ (101/116) patients among 116 patients complaining of dysmenorrheal preoperatively and the pain recurrence rate was 12.9％ (13/101).However,there was no significant difference in either symptom relief rate or pain recurrence rate among different groups.The symptom relief rate were 87％ (33/38),86％ (37/43) and 89％ (31/35) while the pain recurrence rate were 12％ (4/33),14％ (5/37) and 13％ (4/31) respectively in none,imported GnRH-a group and domestic GnRH-a group.Conclusions Leuprorelin acetate microspheres could be effective in preventing recurrence of ovarian endometrioma,but not in symptom relieving after conservative surgery in short term.The effect of domestic and imported GnRH-a was similar.