A simple and accurate method is described for the quantitative determination of acid phosphatase in macrophage, spleen and thymus homogenates, utilizing sodium ?-naphthyl acid phosphate as substrate, and the monocoupler Fast Red B Salt as the color developer to measure ?-naphthol released from the substrate by enzymatic hydrolysis reaction.The color product is a deep blue azo dye,stable for at least 1h in alkaline condition. The method is sensitive enough for assay of enzyme activity of macrophages at concentration low as 1?10~6 cell/ml. The acid phosphatase activity of macrophages from mice treated with thioglycollate elevated significantly. Some factors affecting assay are discussed. Above all, the color developer solution should be made freshly and the peritoneal macrophages collected from mice should be broken in an ultrasonic breaker before assay.

Among the 7 artificial paraoxon antigens studied, we found that paraoxon-tetanus toxoid has the best immunologic effect. All the 14 immunized rabbits with paraoxon-tetanus toxoid survived after a challenge of 1LD of paraoxon injected intramuscularly. The effective prophylactic period was 1 month. There were more than 10 units of antitetanus antitoxin in 1 ml antiserum of the immunized rabbit.

The stimulate effects of synthetical endogenous peptides, tuftsin (Tuf) and thymopentin(TP5), on phagocytic function were studied. After subcutaneous administration (sc) of Tuf, thelysozyme content in both M? and sera, and the acid phosphatase activity in M?, were increasedin a dose-dependent manner. The peak time of serum lysozme level following a sigle sc injectionof Tuf was about on the 6th day. The elevation of lysozyme in sera was delayed and enhancedstrongly by Freund incomplete adjuvant (FIA). In cylcophosphamide (Cy) treated mice,TP5further increased both lysozyme content amd acid phosphatase activity in M?activated byCy, and recovered the lysozyme level in spleen inhibited by cy. The results suggested thatTP5could not only activate the funceion of M?, but recover the number of M?decreased by im-mumoimhibitant.

Objective:To explore the possibility of immune prevention and cure for tetrodotoxin (TTX) intoxication and develop an antitoxin vaccine against TTX.Methods:TTX was conjugated to Tachypleus tridentatus hemocyanin(TTH) in presence of formaldehyde and this conjugate(TTX-TTH) was used as an immunogen to immunize Balb/C mice.The quality of antisera in animal was detected on schedule by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and competition-inhibited enzyme immunoassay(CIEIA).Mice immunized with TTX-TTH were challenged intraperitoneally with lethal doses of TTX(1LD=13.5 ?g/kg).Results:The high titer and affinity of antisera could last for a time as long as more than one year.The immunized mice were ip challenged with 1?LD of TTX once and again at a fixed period,there was a affirmative antitoxic effect in about 12 months(total 15?LD),and a partial effect in following time;about one fourth of animal survived till 24 months post initial immunization(total 26?LD),and which was at a stage of senescence in mice.The anti-TTX poisoning effect of animal was approximately consistent with the antisera quality tested.Conclusion:The experimental vaccine of TTX could effectively protect animal from TTX intoxication and its effect was of longer duration of validity.Immunoprophylaxis would be the hopeful means for detoxification of TTX. [

Tetrodotoxin(TTX) was coupled to Tachypleus tridentatus hemocyanin (TTH) chemically to form an artificial antigen.Balb/c mice were immunized with TTX TTH. The immunologic effect of different immunization schedules [14～20d for longer interval (group L) and 7～10d for shorter interval (group S)] of experimental anti TTX vaccine was compared. The quality of antisera and effect of vaccine on TTX poisoning were detected. The antibody quality of serum was increased more quickly in group S than that in group L after immunization. The average survival rates were 99 3% and 92 9%, respectively ( P

Excessive N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine(NAPQI)formation is a starting event that triggers oxidative stress and subsequent hepatocyte necrosis in acetaminophen(APAP)overdose caused acute liver failure(ALF).S-glutathionylation is a reversible redox post-translational modification and a prospective mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity.Glutaredoxin-1(Glrx1),a glutathione-specific thioltransferase,is a primary enzyme to catalyze deglutathionylation.The objective of this study was to explored whether and how Glrx1 is associated with the development of ALF induced by APAP.The Glrx1 knockout mice(Glrx1-/-)and liver-specific overexpression of Glrx1(AAV8-Glrx1)mice were produced and underwent APAP-induced ALF.Pirfenidone(PFD),a potential inducer of Glrx1,was administrated preceding APAP to assess its protective effects.Our results revealed that the hepatic total protein S-glutathionylation(PSSG)increased and the Glrx1 level reduced in mice after APAP toxicity.Glrx1-/- mice were more sensitive to APAP overdose,with higher oxidative stress and more toxic metabolites of APAP.This was attributed to Glrx1 deficiency increasing the total hepatic PSSG and the S-glutathionylation of cytochrome p450 3a 11(Cyp3a11),which likely increased the activity of Cyp3a11.Conversely,AAV8-Glrx1 mice were defended against liver damage caused by APAP overdose by inhibiting the S-glutathionylation and activity of Cyp3a11,which reduced the toxic metabolites of APAP and oxidative stress.PFD precede administration upregulated Glrx1 expression and alleviated APAP-induced ALF by decreasing oxidative stress.We have identified the function of Glrx1 mediated PSSG in liver injury caused by APAP overdose.Increasing Glrx1 expression may be investigated for the medical treatment of APAP-caused hepatic injury.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Quanzhou, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment. METHOD: Twenty standardized allergen underwent skin prick testing (skin prick test, SPT) were used for 1236 patients with suspected AR patients in Quanzhou, and the different age, gender and severity in patients with allergen distribution differences of positive rate were analyzed. RESULT: The top 5 allergens with positive skin tests were D. pteronyssinus (66.7%), D. farinae (65.5%), Blattodea (32.8%), Sea crab (18.2%), and Sea lobster (16.8%). The positive rate of SPT in the minor groups and adult groups had significant difference (P < 0.05). Gender difference between the positive rate of SPT had no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between the positive rate in patients with a family history and history of asthma and patients without above two history (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dust Mite, Blattodea, Sea crab. Sea lobster are the most important allergens in quanzhou. Different ages of the patients with SPT positive rates vary, a family history, history of asthma patients with positive rate is higher than patients without a family history of asthma history, high positive rate.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens ; analysis ; immunology ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; immunology ; Skin Tests ; Young Adult