Objective To establish a GC analytical method for the determination of N-ethyl morpholine in the air of workplace.Methods N-ethyl morpholine in the air of workplace was collected by silica gel tube, desorbed by ethanol, and according to The Criterion of Detection Methods for the Air of Workplace, the linearity range, precision, accuracy and limit of detection were determined by the GC under a certain experimental condition and the experiments of sampling efficiency , the desorption efficiency, penetrating capability and the stability of sample were carried.Results The linear range of N-ethyl morpholine was 0.025-20 mg/ml(r=0.999 8);Relative standard deviations were 3.2%-3.9%;the rates of recovery were 101.00%-102.43%(n=18), the limit of detection was 0.49 ?g/ml, the desorption efficiency was 96.10%-98.73%, the penetrating capability was 14.37 mg(100 g silica gel), and the content of samples were reduced less than 10% percent at the ninth day.Conclusion The method has higher sensitivity, better precision, accuracy, simple sampling, accurate and stable results.It can be used as an effective monitoring method to detect N-ethyl morpholine in the air of workplace.

Objective To determine the transfection of PTEN gene in human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells by ultrasound mediating and contrast agent′s enhancing, and to explore the mechanism of PTEN gene inhibiting the tumor cells′ invasion. Methods After addition of PTEN gene and 5 ?l lipofectamine,human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells on 6-well plates were explored to ultrasound for 60 s in the presence(200 ?l) of ultrasound agent. The invasiveness of transfected cells was measured quantitatively by Matrigel invasion assays(Transwell chamber) after 48 h. Results The invasiveness of SKOV3 cells transfected by ultrasound-mediated PTEN gene was significantly declined compared with that of the controls. Conclusions The transfection of PTEN gene into SKOV3 cell can inhibit their invasion.The gene transfection can be enhanced by ultrasound and contrast agent,which may be expected to be a new means of clinical gene therapy.

Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic features of VX_2 tumor and peri-neoplastic liver parenchyma with low mechanical index gray-scale contrast enhancement.Methods Ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue((0.1) ml/kg) was applied respectively in 8 VX_2-bearing rabbits by intravenous bolus injection.Corresponding parameters of the time-intensity curve:time to enhancement(ET),time to peak intensity(PIT),peak signal intensity(PSI) and mean transit time(MTT) were measured using low mechanical index contrast gray-scale imaging and Wash-in/Wash-out time-intensity curve software.Results Gray-scale imaging delineated clearly the dynamic enhancement of the VX_2 tumor and the surrounding liver parenchyma.The ET and PIT were definitely earlier,the PSI lower and the MTT absolutely shorter in VX_2 tumors than those in the liver parenchyma.There were significant differences of parameters derived from the time-intensity curve between VX_2 tumors and liver parenchyma(P

Objective To detect the dynamic changes of the level of serum Clara cell protein(CC16)and surfactant protein-D(SP-D)in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin and to evaluate their value in early diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and bleocin-induced pulmonary fibrotic group,with 30 rats in each group. The rats were killed at 1,3,7,14 and 28 days of treatment Pathology changes of lung tissue were observed by HE,Masson stain,alkaline hydrolysis to assess the hydroxyproline concentration of lung tissue, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum CC16 and SP-D. Results The hydroxyproline concentration of lung tissue in the pulmonary fibrotic group ((913. 1 ±69. 3) μg/g) were higher than those of the control group ((790. 5 ± 36. 8) μg/g) from the seventh day(P <0. 05). The levels of serum CC16 of the pulmonary fibrotic group((27. 34 ± 0. 32) μg/L) were lower than those of the control group((27. 85 ±0. 32)μg/L) since the third day(P<0. 05) ,and tended to decrease with the development of the disease. However,the levels of SP-D of the former group were always higher(P <0. 05), and tended to increase with the development of the disease. Conclusions The levels of serum CC16 and SP-D changed considerably in early-stage of pulmonary fibrosis, thus might be used as biomarker for early diagnosis and have some value for pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of transrectal three-dimensinal ultrasonography for virgin polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) patients.Methods Transrectal three-dimensional ultrasonography were performed on 45 virgin patients with PCOS,30 with polycystic ovary(PCO) and 25 controls.Ovarian follicle numbers(FN),ovarian volume(OV),ovarian stroma area(SA),total area(TA) and SA/TA ratio and correspondent biochemical parameters were measured.Results Transrectal ultrasonography was more reliable than abdominal ultrasonography in the detection of delicate structure of ovary in virgin patients.This method was noninvasive,convenient,distinct and sensitive.Patients with PCOS showed sinificantly higher SA and SA/TA compared to those of the PCO group and control group.Conclusions In the case of detection of PCOS in virgin patients,transrectal three-dimensional ultrasonography combined with transabdominal ultrasonography can improve the precision of the diagnosis of PCOS.The SA/TA ratio might be considered as the ultrasound diagnostic parameter in PCOS.

Air ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective To develop kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaires applicable to Chinese stroke survivors and evaluate their test-retest reliability,inter-rater reliability and internal consistency.Methods The English version of a kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire (KVIQ) was translated into Chinese using wellaccepted questionnaire translation procedures.Thirty stroke survivors were each assessed twice using two versions of the translation (the KVIQ-20 and the KVIQ-10) by two experienced raters with an interval of 7 days between the tests.The test-retest reliability,inter-rater reliability and internal consistency of the visual imagery score (visual imagery subscale),the kinesthetic imagery score (kinesthetic imagery subscale) and the total scores for the KVIQ-20 and KVIQ-10 versions were analyzed.Results The test-retest coefficients,the inter-rater reliability correlation coefficients and Cronbach's alphas for the KVIQ-20 version ranged from 0.879 to 0.945,from 0.894 to 0.936 and from 0.867 to 0.919,respectively.The corresponding measurements for the KVIQ-10 vcrsion were 0.914 to 0.953,0.852 to 0.900 and 0.827 to 0.878.Conclusion Both the KVIQ-20 and KVIQ-10 Chinese instruments have shown good testretest and inter-rater reliability and good internal consistency in assessing stroke survivors.Either is an effective tool for assessing their motor imagery ability.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of lead exposure on the permeability,secretion and transportation function of blood-cerebro-spinal fluid barrier (BCB)of rats in order to provide the theo-rical basis for elucidating the mechanis m of lead induced neurotoxicity.MEHTODS 60 SPF SD rats were rando mly divided into 4 groups,including a control group and three doses lead exposed groups. Rat in the lead exposure groups were given drinking water containning 0.05%,0.1 % and 0.2% lead acetate (at dose of 80,160,320 mg·kg -1 )for 8 weeks.Laser scanning confocal microscopy was uti-lized to determine the lead content in seru m,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)and choroid plexus sa mples. Morris maze was used to test learning and me mory.Fe moral artery perfusion of Evans blue (EB)and fluorescein sodiu m (NaFI)was performed to measure BCB permeability function.Confocal laser scan-ning was applied to detect junction adhesion molecule (JAM)and occludin protein expression in choroid plexus.ELISA was used to measure the concentration of transthyretin (TTR)and leptin in seru m and CSF.RESULTS The lead content in seru m,choroid plexus and CSF significantly increased,especially the lead level in CSF.Morris water maze data showed that escape latency of rat in lead acetate 160 and 320 mg·kg -1 group were 52 ±12,(89 ±19)s,respectively,longer than that of control group 〔(28 ±7)s, P<0.05〕.The ti mes across platform of rats in lead acetate 160 and 320 mg·kg -1 group were lower than that of control group(P <0.05).The NaFI content in CSF of rats in all lead acetate exposure groups were 0.94 ±0.09,1 .02 ±0.03 and (1 .08 ±0.18)mg·L -1 ,respectively,and were higher than those of control group〔(0.74 ±0.04)mg·L -1 〕;While the EB content in CSF of rat in lead acetate 160 and 320 mg·kg -1 group were higher than the control group(P <0.05),which indicated that lead acetate exposure at low dose can lead to the increase of permeability of BCB.Laser scanning confocal micro-scope i mages showed that the JAM protein expression of choroid plexus in lead acetate 160 and 320 mg·kg -1 group were 44.9% and 42.9% of the control group.Sa me decline was seen in terms of occludin expression.The TTR content of CSF of rats in lead acetate 80 mg·kg -1 group was (32.3 ± 1 1 .7)ng·g -1 protein,lower than that of the control group,and the difference was significant.This decline was also noted in lead acetate 160 and 320 mg·kg -1 group.The data of TTR in CSF suggested that the low dose lead acetate exposure can disrupt the BCB secretion function.The leptin levels in CSF of lead acetate 160 and 320 mg·kg -1 group were lower than that in the control group (P <0.05 ). CONCLUSION Lead exposure did disrupt the permeability,transportation and secretion function of BCB.Our data suggest that BCB dysfunction might be involved in the mechanis m of lead induced neurotoxicity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of nano-lead exposure on learning and memory and iron homeostasis in the brain of the offspring rats on postnatal day 21 (PND21) and postnatal day 42 (PND42).

METHODSTwenty adult pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and nano-lead group. Rats in the nano-lead group were orally administrated 10 mg/kg nano-lead, while rats in the control group were administrated an equal volume of normal saline until PND21. On PND21, the offspring rats were weaned and given the same treatment as the pregnant rats until 42 days after birth. The learning and memory ability of offspring rats on PND21 and PND42 was evaluated by Morris water maze test. The hippocampus and cortex s amples of offspring rats on PND21 and PND42 were collected to determine iron and lead levels in the hippocampus and cortex by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The distributions of iron in the hippocampus and cortex were observed by Perl's iron staining. The expression levels of ferritin, ferroportin 1 (FPN1), hephaestin (HP), and ceruloplasmin (CP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSAfter nano-lead exposure, the iron content in the cortex of offspring rats on PND21 and PND42 in the nano-lead group was significantly higher than those in the control group (32.63 ± 6.03 µg/g vs 27.04 ± 5.82 µg/g, P<0.05; 46.20 ±10.60 µg/g vs 36.61 ± 10.2µg/g, P<0.05). The iron content in the hippocampus of offspring rats on PND42 in the nano-lead group was significantly higher than that in the control group (56.9 ± 4.37µg/g vs 37.71 ± 6.92µg/g, P<0.05). The Perl's staining showed massive iron deposition in the cortex and hippocampus in the nano-lead group. FPNl level in the cotfex of offspring rats on PND21 in the nano-lead group was significantly lower than that in the control group (3.64 ± 0.23 ng/g vs 4.99 ± 0.95 ng/g, P<0.05). FPN1 level in the hippocampus of offspring rats on PND42 in the nano-lead group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.28 ± 0.51 ng/g vs 3.69 ± 0.69 ng/g, P<0.05). The escape latencies of offspring rats on PND21 and PND42 in the nano-lead group were longer than those in the control group (15.54 ± 2.89 s vs 9.01 ± 4.66 s; 6.16 ± 1.42 s vs 4.26 ± 1.51 s). The numbers of platform crossings of offspring rats on PND21 and PND42 in the nano- lead group were significantly lower than those in the control group (7.77 ± 2.16 times vs 11.2 ± 1.61 times, P<0.05; 8.12 ± 1.51 times vs 13.0 ± 2.21 times, P<0.05).

ONCLUSIONn Nano-lead exposure can result in iron homeostasis disorders in the hippocampus and cortex of offspring rats and affect their learning and memory ability.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Iron ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Learning ; drug effects ; Maternal Exposure ; adverse effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To explore the existing issues in radiation protection during the treatment of 131I by means of measuring the ambient dose equivalent rate to patients with thyroid cancer and the dose equivalent to the surface of chest of patients during hospitalization. Methods:The ambient dose equivalent rate (peer) was measured by using gamma ray detector for selected 78 patients who received 131I treatment in a hospital 10 min, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 5 d after administration with 131I. The measurements were made at distances of 5 cm, 0.5 m and 1 m from the body surface in front, rear, left and right directions. The photoluminescence dosimeter on the chest of the patients was used to measure the effective dose during hospitalization period (6 d). Results:The ambient dose equivalent rate on the surface of chest of patients was up to 4.81 mSv/h 10 min after administration of medicine. The dose equivalent on the surface of chest of patients before discharge ranged 2.6-64.1 μSv/h. The cumulative dose on chest surface during hospitalization was 15.9-58.8 mGy. There was a significant difference in the dose rate at 5 cm from the body surface between 3.7 GBq group and 5.55 GBq group 10 min after medication ( t=-6.11, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the dose rate at 5 cm from the body surface between male and female groups 10 min after medication ( t=4.52, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:During the 131I treatment, patients had high level of radiation around them, so it is necessary to strengthen the protection and management of patients and reduce unnecessary exposure to the public.