Objective To demonstrate in vivo that there is different degree myocardium apoptosis during acute ischemia and reperfusion and to explore prelimarily the relations between myocardium apoptosis and the expression of Bcl 2/Bax protein in rats. Methods The morphologic features of apoptotic cardiocytes were pursuited by transmission electron microscopy.DNA extracted from cardiocytes were used to identify the apoptotic DNA ladder by agarose gel eletrophoresis. DNA fragmentation was identified histochemically by TUNEL staining. Expression of Bcl 2/Bax protein in apoptotic myocardium was observed by means of immunohistochemistry and analysed by image analysis system. Results In both ischemia and reperfusion groups morphologic features of apoptotic myocardium were observed by transmission electron microscopic and the apoptotic cardiocytes were detected by the TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. However, the apoptotic DNA ladder was observed only in the 2 hour reperfusion group. The reperfusion group showed a decrease in OD value of the Bcl 2 protein( P

In this study, 17 kinds of Dendrobium species of Fengdous including 39 individuals were collected from 4 provinces. Mitochondrial gene sequences co I, nad 5, nad 1-intron 2 and chloroplast gene sequences rbcL, matK amd psbA-trnH were amplified from these materials, as well as nrDNA ITS. Furthermore, suitable sequences for identification of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were screened by K-2-P and P-distance. The results showed that during the mentioned 7 sequences, nrDNA ITS, nad 1-intron 2 and psbA-trnH which had a high degree of variability could be used to identify Dendrobium species of Fengdous. However, single fragment could not be used to distinguish D. moniliforme and D. huoshanense. Moreover, compared to other combined fragments, new type combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 was more effective in identifying the original plants of Dendrobium species and could be used to identify D. huoshanense and D. moniliforme. Besides, according to the UPGMA tree constructed with nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2, 3 inspected Dendrobium plants were identified as D. huoshanense, D. moniliforme and D. officinale, respectively. This study identified Dendrobium species of Fengdous by combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 for the first time, which provided a more effective basis for identification of Dendrobium species. And this study will be helpful for regulating the market of Fengdous.

Bletilla striata has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries. In recent years, the quality and quantity of wild B. striata plants have declined sharply due to habitat deterioration and human over-exploitation. Therefore, it is of great urgency to evaluate and protect B. striata wild plant resource. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were applied to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in twelve populations of B. striata. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 90.48%, H = 0.349 4, I = 0.509 6) and moderate genetic differentiation among populations (G(st) = 0.260 9). Based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), twelve populations gathered in three clusters. The cluster 1 included four populations. There are Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Xuancheng and Hangzhou. The seven populations which come from Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province belonged to the cluster 2. The cluster 3 only contained Wenshan population. Moreover, Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances (r = 0.632 9; P < 0.000 1). According to the results, we proposed a series of conservation consideration for B. striata.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of F-waves in patients with Kennedy's disease.Methods Thirty two patients with Kennedy's disease and 30 male healthy volunteers,who visited the Department of Neurology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital between August 2013 and July 2014,were recruited consecutively for this study.Motor nerve conduction study and F-wave examination were performed on the median,ulnar,tibial and peroneal nerves of all participants.A series of 100 electrical stimuli were employed to obtain F-waves.The F-wave parameters in all tested nerves were compared between patients with Kennedy's disease and normal controls including F-wave minimum latency,F-wave persistence,mean and maximum F-wave amplitude,the frequency of giant F-waves.Results The mean Fwave amplitude (median nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 375.0 (298.3) μV,healthy volunteers 297.0(145.0) μV,Z =-3.378,P ＜0.01;ulnar nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 397.5(295.0) μV,healthy volunteers 293.0 (101.8) μV,Z =-3.968,P ＜ 0.01;tibial nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 374.5 (227.3) μV,healthy volunteers 294.0 (160.5) μV,Z =-3.144,P =0.002;peroneal nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 346.5 (292.8) μV,healthy volunteers 146.5 (69.3) μV,Z =-6.864,P ＜ 0.01),maximum F-wave amplitudes (median nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 1 291.0 (952.0) μV,healthy volunteers 846.5 (523.0) μV,Z =-4.823,P ＜ 0.01;ulnar nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 1 663.5 (1 374.0) μV,healthy volunteers 760.5 (341.8) μV,Z =-6.813,P ＜ 0.01;tibial nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease (1 054.1 ± 451.6) μV,healthy volunteers (652.5-± 172.5) μV,t =5.380,P ＜ 0.01;peroneal nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease (840.4 ± 494.1) μV,healthy volunteers (370.2 ± 202.0) μV,t =6.475,P ＜ 0.01),frequency of giant F-waves (median nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 0.0％ (7.2％),healthy volunteers 0.0％ (0.0％),Z =-5.149,P ＜ 0.01;ulnar nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 3.1％ (10.5％),healthy volunteers 0.0％ (0.0％),Z =-7.026,P ＜0.01;tibial nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 0.0％ (3.3％),healthy volunteers 0.0％ (0.0％),Z =-4.651,P ＜0.01;peroneal nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 3.3％ (28.2％),healthy volunteers 0.0％ (0.0％),Z =-5.532,P ＜0.01),and frequencies of patients with giant F-waves (median nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 78.1％ (25/32),healthy volunteers 10.0％ (3/30),x2 =29.016,P ＜ 0.01;ulnar nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 87.5％ (28/32),healthy volunteers 10.0％ (3/30),x2 =37.200,P ＜ 0.01;tibial nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 62.5％ (20/32),healthy volunteers 6.7％ (2/30),x2 =21.085,P ＜ 0.01;peroneal nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 68.8 ％ (22/32),healthy volunteers 10.0％ (3/30),x2 =22.209,P ＜ 0.01) in all nerves examined were significantly higher in patients with Kennedy's disease than in the normal controls.The F-wave persistence in all nerves examined was significantly lower than in the normal controls (median nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 52.5％ (36.3％),healthy volunteers 98.0％ (7.0％),Z =9.010,P ＜ 0.01;ulnar nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 71.0％ (28.3％),healthy volunteers 100.0％ (1.0％),Z =9.455,P ＜ 0.01;tibial nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 100.0％ (2.0％),healthy volunteers 100.0％ (0.0％),Z =4.255,P ＜ 0.01;peroneal nerve:patients with Kennedy's disease 33.1％ ± 23.9％,healthy volunteers 46.9％ ± 27.2％,t =-2.848,P =0.007).Giant F-waves were detected in multiple nerves and often appeared symmetrically on the same nerves between the left and right sides in patients with Kennedy's disease.No significant correlations were found between the pooled frequency of giant F-waves and disease duration in patients with Kennedy's disease(r =0.162,P =0.418).Conclusions The results showed increased F-wave amplitudes,increased number of giant F-waves,especially giant F-waves detected in multiple nerves or appearing symmetrically combined with low persistence,consistent with the pathologic features of chronic and unselected loss of anterior horn cells in patients with Kennedy's disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ilium ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology ; prevention & control ; therapy

Objective To investigate the characteristics of giant F-waves in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) and the relationship between giant F-waves and disease phenotype . Methods Motor nerve conduction study and F-waves were performed to the median , ulnar, tibial and peroneal nerves of 55 patients with ALS and 52 healthy volunteers.A series of 100 electrical stimuli were employed to obtain F-waves.The following F-wave variables were estimated: frequency of giant F-waves, frequency of patients with giant F-waves, the relationship between giant F-waves and lower motor neuron dysfunction , the relationship between giant F-waves and upper motor neuron dysfunction , the relationship between giant F-waves and disease duration , the relationship between giant F-waves and disease severity , and the relationship between giant F-waves and disease progression rate ( DPR).Results The frequencies of giant F-waves ( ALS: median nerve 0.00 ( 0.00 )%, ulnar nerve 0.00 ( 1.02 )%, tibial nerve 0.00 (0.00)%,peroneal nerve 0.00(0.00)%.Normal controls:median nerve 0.00(0.00)%,Z=-2.360, P=0.018;ulnar nerve 0.00(0.00)%,Z=-3.997,P<0.01;tibial nerve 0.00(0.00)%,Z=-3.006, P=0.003;peroneal nerve 0.00(0.00)%,Z=-3.006,P=0.003) and the frequencies of patients with giant F-waves (ALS:median nerve 13/55,23.6%,ulnar nerve 26/55,47.2%,tibial nerve 18/55,32.7%, peroneal nerve 16/55, 29.1%.Normal controls:median nerve 4/52,7.7%,χ2 =0.024,P=0.024;ulnar nerve 7/52,13.5%, χ2 =14.326,P<0.01; tibial nerve 6/52,11.5%, χ2 =6.897,P=0.009; peroneal nerve 6/52,11.5%,χ2 =5.042,P=0.025) in the median nerve, ulnar nerve, tibial nerve and peroneal nerve were significantly increased compared with those of the normal controls .No significant differences were found in the frequencies of upper motor neuron dysfunction between nerves with giant F -waves and nerves without giant F-waves in the median nerves , ulnar nerves , tibial nerves and peroneal nerves of ALS patients . The compound muscle action potential amplitude of nerves with giant F-waves was significantly higher than those of nerves without giant F-waves in the median nerves (11.20(5.80) mV vs 5.90(8.50) mV,t=2.883,P=0.004)and tibial nerves ((13.20 ±4.61) mV vs (10.69 ±4.76) mV,t=-2.222,P=0.028) of the ALS patients.No significant correlation was detected between the frequency of giant F-waves and disease duration or ALS functional rating scale in the ALS patients , while the frequency of giant F-waves correlated inversely with the DPR(r=-0.287,P=0.034).No significant differences were detected in disease duration between ALS patients with giant F-waves and those without giant F-waves.Compared with those in ALS patients without giant F-waves, the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale score (37.00(3.00) vs 42.00(4.75),Z=3.197,P=0.001) was more, the DPR (0.50(0.35)vs 0.90(0.43),Z=-3.033, P=0.002 ) was slower in ALS patients with giant F-waves. Conclusions The giant F-waves were significantly increased in the ALS patients than those in the healthy volunteers and were distributed asymmetrically between the left and right sides .These electrophysiological characteristics of ALS patients fitted well with progressive loss of anterior horn cells , and indicated differential involvement of different spinal motoneuron pools in the ALS patients .No correlations were found between the frequency of giant F-waves and disease duration .The appearance of giant F-waves may indicate loss of spinal motoneuron early in the disease course , and may suggest that the degree of reinnervation and functional compensation are relatively good after motoneuron loss .

Objective To describe the repetitive nerve stimulation ( RNS) in anti-muscle specific tyrosine kinase (anti-MuSK) receptor antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MG), and compare with anti-acetylcholine receptor ( AChR ) positive myasthenia gravis , to figure out characteristics of anti-MuSK receptor MG.Methods We analyzed clinical and RNS data of nine anti-MuSK receptor MG and 19 age-and sex-matched anti-AChR MG.RNS was performed to the abductor digiti minimi , orbicularis oculi or musculus frontalis and trapezius .Results In anti-MuSK receptor MG , abnormal RNS in facial nerve was seen in 6/9 and in trapezius was 5/9, in limbs was 0.In anti-AChR MG, abnormal RNS in facial nerve was seen in 13/19, in trapezius was 18/19 and in limbs was 7/19.Abnormal in any of three parts was 8/9 and 19/19 in anti-MuSK receptor MG and anti-AChR MG, respectively.The RNS decrementing was more obvious in facial nerve in anti-Musk receptor MG than in anti-AChR MG.Negative prostigmin test was independently associated with anti-MuSK receptor MG (OR=4.25,95% CI 2.19 -15.25, P=0.015). Conclusions Abnormal RNS in any of three parts is more pronounced in anti-AChR MG compared with anti-MuSK receptor MG.RNS decrementing in facial nerve is more obvious in anti-AChR MG.Negative prostigmin test can aid in early suspicion in anti-MuSK receptor MG.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors related to visiting rate of residents to contracted family doctors in a community health service center in Beijing.Methods:One thousand patients with contracted family doctor services who visited our center from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected for retrospective analysis. According to the corresponding visiting rate of contracted family doctors,patients were divided into low corresponding visiting rate, medium corresponding visiting rate and high corresponding visiting rate, and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results:Among the 1 000 patients, 481 (48.1%) were in the high corresponding visiting rate group, 342 (34.2%) in the middle corresponding visiting rate group, and 177 (17.7%) in the low corresponding visiting rate group. Univariate analysis showed that the corresponding visit rate was significantly associated with the age, marital status and educational level of patients, history of hypertension, the number of family doctor visits, the total visiting time and the consultation time per year (χ 2=12.55, 12.42, 7.69, 21.69, 253.97, 49.54, 9.07, all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the high corresponding visiting rate group, fewer of family doctor visits ( OR=0.68, 95 %CI: 0.58-0.78), lower education level( OR=0.65, 95 %CI: 0.46-0.92), history of hypertension ( OR=0.09, 95 %CI: 0.02-0.49), and 18-65 years old( OR=1.80, 95 %CI: 1.27-2.55) were the influencing factors for the low corresponding family doctor visiting rate(all P<0.05); while fewer of family doctor visits( OR=0.91, 95 %CI: 0.83-0.99),lower education level ( OR=0.74, 95 %CI: 0.55-0.98)and history of hypertension( OR=0.09, 95 %CI: 0.02-0.44)were the related factors of the medium corresponding visiting rate(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The visiting rate of patients to the contracted family doctor needs to be improved. The number of consultations of the contracted family doctor, educational background, history of hypertension, and age are the influencing factors of the corresponding visiting rate.

Objective:To report the clinical characteristics of a case of childhood amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by SPTLC2 c.778G>A (p.Glu260Lys) mutation. Methods:Whole exon sequencing or whole genome sequencing data from 1 936 patients in the ALS cohort of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were screened for SPTLC2 gene mutations. Clinical data, laboratory examination, neurophysiological examination and genetic test results of the proband were collected. Results:Only one 9-year-old male child with SPLTC2 gene mutation was found. He was admitted to the Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital in December 2022 due to"progressive limb weakness for more than 4 years". Physical examination revealed atrophy and fasciculations of the tongue. Weakness of 4 limbs, muscle atrophy, as well as bilateral hyperreflexia, clonus, and Babinski sign were present. Whole genome sequencing indicated that SPTLC2 gene had c.778G>A (p.Glu260Lys) missense mutation, and no other pathogenic mutations of ALS related genes were detected. Sanger sequencing and family verification showed that neither father nor mother carried the mutation, suggesting that it was a de novo mutation. Nerve conduction velocity test showed no abnormalities, and electromyography suggested neurogenic lesions. Neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were increased significantly. The patient′s symptoms continued worsening even after oral administration of L-serine. Conclusion:SPTLC2 gene mutation can cause childhood ALS, and further study of its potential pathogenesis is helpful to uncover another potential pathway of ALS and a novel therapeutic target.

Objective:To investigate the coexistence status of common chronic diseases among hypertensive patients with contracted family doctor service in the community.Methods:Clinical data of 7 910 hypertensive patients with contracted family doctor service in Yuetan Community Health Service Center and its affiliated service stations were collected. The status of comorbidities and related factors were analyzed.Results:Among 7 910 hypertensive patients, there were 2 959 cases(37.4%) with 2 chronic diseases, 1 747 cases (22.1%) with 3 chronic diseases and 2 289 cases(28.9%) with simple hypertension. There was significant difference in comorbidity status among hypertensive patients in different age groups (χ 2=25.269, P<0.05). The top 3 comorbid chronic diseases were type 2 diabetes (2 979 cases, 37.7%), dyslipidemia (2 227 cases, 28.2%), and coronary heart disease (1 945 cases, 24.6%). Univariate analysis showed that the comorbidity of hypertensive patients was significantly related to age, smoking, marital status,employ status and education level (χ 2=9.697, 19.539, 33.343, 8.986, 7.923; P<0.05). Conclusion:There is a phenomenon of coexistence of multiple diseases in hypertensive patients with contracted family doctor service in Yuetan community.