This article summarized literatures in the recent ten years on the mechanisms of Ci-xue therapy from such aspects as hemorheology, vascular biology, blood constituents and blood coagulating system.

A composite material of decalcified bone matrix (DBM) and bone cement (BC) combined with bovine bone morphogenitic protein (bBMP) was used to repair canine femoral defect caused by microwave induced hyperthermia. The composite material was examined with scan electron microscope and its biomechanical properties were assessed. Then a canine femoral defect was produced by microwave induced hyperthermia, and the composite material was implanted.Then the femurs were examined with X ray, 99m Tc MDP bone scintigraphy, histology and biomechanics at different postoperative periods. It was found that DBM and BC were tightly connected in a multipolar mode with irregular gaps in a diameter of 400?m to 800?m. Callus was formed in the first month and its amount was most abundant in the third month as shown by X ray examination. The new bone was formed in the composite material,and it was confirmed by bone scintigraphy and histology. The border of new bone was connected with the normal bone. So the composite material could merge with the normal bone finally.

OBJECTIVE To study the incidence rate of nosocomial infection and risk factors in our Cancer Center during 2006-2007.METHODS All the reported cases of nosocomial infection from 2006 to 2007 in our Center were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS From the 50011 hospitalized patients,952 were infected.The infection rate of the hospital was 1.9%,with the case infection rate of 2.12%.Infection usually occurred at the respiratory tract,gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity,with the constituent ratio of 48.6%,34.12% and 13.22%,respectively.Cancer,chemotherapy,radiotherapy and surgery were the leading predisposing factors.CONCLUSIONS The main infected site is respiratory tract.Cancer and the clinical therapies may lead to infection,so we should pay more attention to the nosocomial infection in the cancer therapy.

Objective To investigate the dynamic variation of subsets of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and their ratio in septic mice, and to discuss their role in the development of sepsis. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sepsis model group and sham group according to random number table. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), while mice in sham group only underwent laparotomy and laparorrhaphy without CLP. Thirty mice in each group were used to observe living condition, and the 20-day survival rate was compared between the two groups. In addition, subsets of MDSC in peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow were analyzed with flow cytometry for other 60 mice (12 mice at each time point, as 0, 3, 7, 12 and 20 days). Spleens were harvested at 7 days for weighing, and single cell suspension of spleen tissue was prepared for splenocyte counting. Histopathologic changes in spleen tissue and liver tissue were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain. Results ① No mice died in sham group within 20 days after the operation. On the other hand, 10 mice in model group died within 20 days, and the difference in survival rate between the two groups was statistically significant (100.0% vs. 66.7%, χ2 = 11.861, P = 0.001). ② The spleens in model group showed obvious enlargement and significantly outweighed as compared with those in sham group (mg: 413.33±41.63 vs. 111.67±17.56, t = 11.564, P = 0.000), and the total count of splenocytes was significantly higher than that in sham group (×109/L: 21.20±2.43 vs. 1.87±0.06, t = 13.578, P = 0.005). ③ Pathological sections with HE staining showed that the liver tissue and spleen tissue remained normal in sham group. In model group, the hepatic tissue showed acute inflammatory reaction, including tissue disruption, capillary congestion, infiltration of neutrophils, marked edema of hepatocytes and focal hepatocellular necrosis. Abnormalities were also found in the spleen tissue: the red pulp and white pulp were disordered, splenic sinus was congested with numerous red cells, the splenic capsule thickened, immature myeloid cells with circular nuclei proliferated in the subcapsular region and perivascular region, splenic cord and splenic sinus were infiltrated with a large number of hematopoietic cells. ④ No significant changes in the monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) and granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC), and their ratio were found in peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow at every time point in sham group. On the other hand, in model group, the ratio of M-MDSC and G-MDSC was continuously increased in peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow, and M-MDSC only slightly decreased at 20 days. On the other hand, the ratio of M-MDSC/G-MDSC rose at first followed by a decrease. The ratio of M-MDSC/G-MDSC in peripheral blood was higher than 1 from 3 days after the operation, reaching the peak at 12 days (compared with 0 day: 4.16±0.53 vs. 0.79±0.11, P < 0.05), while the ratio of M-MDSC/G-MDSC in spleen and bone marrow after CLP were lower than 1 at all time points, reaching the peak on 7 days after the operation (compared with 0 day: 0.70±0.06 vs. 0.25±0.02 in spleen, 0.39±0.06 vs. 0.11±0.01 in bone marrow, both P < 0.05), and then gradually decreased afterwards. Conclusion Subgroups of MDSCs were continuously aggregated in the peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow, and their ratio rose first and decreased afterwards along with the development of sepsis, and the changes may reflect the change of immune status at different stages of sepsis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global burden disease and is being resurrected as a major worldwide public health problem after two decades of neglect.In 1993,the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that TB had been a global emergency because of the scale of the epidemic and the urgent need to improve global tuberculosis control.China is one of the countries with the largest population,and also the top of the 22 TB high-burden countries in the world.In the United States,the longstanding downward trend in TB incidence was interrupted in the mid-to-late 1980s,where the national TB incidence peaked in 1992.Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the three regions to dominate the worldwide distribution of notified TB cases.Of the 15 countries with the highest estimated tuberculosis incidence rates in the world,13 are in sub-Saharan Africa,where HIV is the most important single predictor of tuberculosis incidence.The largest share of the global burden of HIV-related tuberculosis falls on this region.The reasons for the persisting global tuberculosis burden include increased poverty in some regions,immigration from countries with high tuberculosis prevalence,the impact of HIV,and most importantly,the failure to maintain the necessary public health infrastructure under the mistaken belief that tuberculosis was a problem of the past.Relying on currently available methods of diagnosis and treatment,the DOT strategy promoted by the WHO for global tuberculosis control is effective,affordable,and adaptable in different settings.

Objective To investigated the biological procedure of allograft decalcified bone matrix(DBM)and bone cement(BC)combined with bovine bone morphogenetic protein (bBMP)used for the repair of femoral defect caused by microwave－ induced hyperthermia in dogsby 99mTc－ MDP bone scintigraphy.Method The canine femoral defect(length 25mm,width 10mm)was caused by microwave－ induced hyperthermia(50℃ ,20minutes)and the composite material was implanted .Then the canine femurs were examined by 99mTc－ MDP bone scintigraphy respectively at different postoperative time and the results were compared with that of X－ ray photography and histological observation.Bone cement was implanted in the other femur as a contrast.Results It could be observed at the first and the second month that the radioisotope was gathered in the place where the composite material was implanted and the amount of radioisotope gathered in was the most abundant at the third month and it was lasted to the fourth month. That of the sixth month was decreased to that of the second month.The radiation count of the first, the second, the third the fourth and the sixth month were 93.9± 12.7, 110.7± 16.4,222.1± 24.0,201.3± 26.9 and 111.6± 20.7 respectively,and the count of the third month and the fourth month were more than that of the first, the second and the sixth month(P<0.01).Conclusion The composite material could be remodeled easily and the new bone could be formed by the induction of bBMP. So it could be merged with the normal bone.While the 99mTc－ MDP bone scintigraphy is the object and reliable index to determine the biological procedure of the composite material in dogs.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical classification ,laboratory and imageological examinations of Wil‐son′s disease for strengthening the cognition on this disease and increasing the diagnosis rate .Methods The clinical data of the pa‐tients with WD in our hospital from January 2011 to September 2014 ,were collected and performed the statistical analysis .Results Among different ages ,nationalities and genders of WD patients ,first onset age ,clinical classification and laboratory examination had some difference ,the average age of first onset in male WD patients was earlier than that in female WD patients ,the low density shadow change of nervous type WD existed in MRI .Conclusion Heredity is not a unique factor affecting WD ,gender ,age and na‐tionality may be one of factors affecting the first onset age and clinical symptoms in the WD patients .

Objective To examine the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) 1 in cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against virus infection.Methods Wild-type (WT) and JNK1-knockout (JNK1-/-) mice were infected with ectromelia virus(ECTV) through hind footpads.Survival and virus titers in the target organs (liver and spleen) were analyzed.Effector T cells in the spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were determined on day 3 and 7 post-infection.Proliferation and INF-γ production of CTL were also detected.Results JNK1 deficiency caused an increased susceptibility to ECTV infection in mice,indicated by higher case fatality and viral burden in target organs.The decrease in CTL response correlated with a defect in CTL proliferation and INF-γproduction.Conclusion The data suggest that JNK1 is involved in expansion of activated CTL during ECTV infection,and plays an important antiviral role in regulating the proliferation and effector function of CTL.

Objective To investigate the effect of stress-related hyperglycemia on myocardial function of patients with cardiac disorder after non-cardiac surgery.Methods The clinical data of 211 patients having undergone thoracic or abdominal operations in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative average blood glucose level in the following 3 days after surgery and the patients' history of cardiac disorder, they were divided into four groups: without hyperglycemia (blood glucose ≤ 10 mmol/L) and cardiac disorder group (HG0CV0 group), without hyperglycemia but with cardiac disorder group (HG0CV1 group), with hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 10 mmol/L) but without cardiac disorder group (HG1CV0 group) and with hyperglycemia and cardiac disorder group (HG1CV1 group). The correlations between the blood glucose and each level of the following items: high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), myocardial zymogram aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH-1), myoglobin (MYO), α- hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) in each group were analyzed.Results The postoperative blood glucose levels of all 211 patients were significantly higher than those before operation (mmol/L: 8.7±0.2 vs. 5.7±0.2,P < 0.05), and the blood glucose level more than 6.1 mmol/L in postoperative 179 patients accounted for 84.8% of the total. In HG0CV0 group, the postoperative blood glucose level was positively correlated with MYO and AST [r values were 0.193, 0.307; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were 0.010 - 0.362, 0.096 - 0.479;P values were 0.038, 0.003]. There were no correlations between postoperative blood glucose level and hs-cTnI, BNP, LDH, LDH-1, HBDH, CK and CK-MB (allP > 0.05). In HG0CV1 group, the postoperative blood glucose level was negatively correlated with hs-cTnI level (r = -0.609, 95%CI = -0.810 to -0.264,P = 0.001). There were no correlations between postoperative blood glucose level and the levels of BNP, MYO, AST, LDH, LDH-1, HBDH, CK and CK-MB (allP > 0.05). In HG1CV0 group, there were no correlations between postoperative blood glucoselevel and hs-cTnI, BNP, MYO, AST, LDH, LDH-1, HBDH, CK and CK-MB (allP > 0.05). In HG1CV1 group, the postoperative blood glucose level was positively correlated with hs-TnI level (r = 0.837, 95%CI = 0.476 - 0.984,P = 0.001). There were no correlations between postoperative blood glucose level and the levels of BNP, MYO, AST, LDH, LDH-1, HBDH, CK and CK-MB (allP > 0.05).Conclusion The early stress-related hyperglycemia after non-cardiac surgery may have a protective effect on myocardial function of patients with cardiac disorder.

Objective:To synthesize autoinducer-2 by the clone and prokaryotic expression of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)UAl59 luxS gene and to observe the influence factors.Methods:The expression vector pET21 a(+)-luxS of S.mutans UAl59 was transformed into Escheriehia coli BL2l(DE3).The S-ribosylhomocysteinase(Luxs)expression was induced by IPTG.The His tag fusion protein was isolated by Ni-chelating column and identified by Western blotting.Finally the protein was renatured by dialysis method.S-ribosylhomo-cysteine (SAH)was catalyzed by s-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidas (Pfs)and LuxS,and then AI-2 was syntheszed.The AI-2 activi-ty was examined by luminescence of Vibrio harveyi BB1 70 when the concentration of LuxS protein or pH(4 -1 2)or the concentration of sodium fluoride was changed in reaction mixes of AI-2 synthesis.Results:Compared with the control group,with the increase of LuxS protein concentration,the relative activity of in vitro synthesized AI-2 increased gradually(P <0.001 ).When pH was between 6 -1 0, the relative activity of AI-2 were the highest,beyond the range of pH,the relative activity of AI-2 decreased(P <0.001 ).When a final concentration of sodium fluoride was more than 0.3%,the luminescence values decreased(P <0.05).Conclusion:LuxS fusion protein can promote the production of AI-2.Optimum pH for AI-2 biosynthesis in vitro must be between 6-1 0.Biosynthesis of AI-2 is inhibited by sodium fluoride with final concentration of more than 0.3%.