With rapid ageing population,the extensive application of mechanical ventilation and development of organ transplantation,infection caused by gram-negative (G-) bacilli,which have become the common pathogens causing nosocomial (especially ICU) infection,has increased and accounted for more than 65% of the hospital acquired infections.Severe infections in intensive care units are usually caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter sp.,Enterobacteriaceae bacteria and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,presenting challenges to the treatment.In addition,drug-resistant G-bacilli strains have increased year by year,accompanying with appearance of muti-drug resistant and pan-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.Several pathways may lead to drug resistance of G-bacilli,including permeability changes in ectal membrane,reformation of penicillin-binding protein,enhancement in level of pump MexAB-OprM,overproduction of antibiotic modification enzymes such as cephalosporinase,new type of beta-lactamases especially extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs),AmpC beta-lactamase and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC).Clinical work is facing the challenges caused by drug resistance of G-bacilli,so the isolation and cultivation of pathogenic bacteria,drug sensitivity test in vitro,monitoring of drug resistance and researches on resistant mechanism should be enhanced,and proper antibiotics should be selected for treatment of G-bacilli infection.Polymyxin is recommended,if necessary,for treatment of multi-and pan-resistance G-bacilli infection,meanwhile the adverse effects of polymyxin treatment should be closely monitored.

On the basis of summarizing the general situation of current internal and external network construction of hospitals,the paper introduces the main hidden dangers of hospital network security,puts forward internal and external network security management measures,and elaborates the internal and external network security construction principle,network topology structure,and network construction achievements of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.

Objective To evaluate CT features and diagnostic value of fungus infection of paranasal sinuses. Methods CT findings in 16 patients with fungus infection of paranasal sinuses proved surgically and pathologically were analyzed.Results CT findings of fungus infection of paranasal sinuses included: unilateral involved, maxillary sinus was mainly affected or other paranasal sinuses involved simaltaneously, the soft tissue within paranasal sinuses presented as hyperplasia of nodule and polyp-like, and there were some punctuated and tubercular calcification inside .Sinus cavity enlarged and the bone wall was destroyed in some cases. Conclusion CT manifestations of fungus infection of paranasal sinuses are of characteristics, CT scan is of important value in diagnosing this disease.

Humans ; Spirituality

Objective: To investigate the expression of survivin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and analyze its relationship with clinic opathological features and the expression of p53. Methods: The expression of survivin and p53 in 61 cases of NSCLC were detected by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against human survivin protein and P53, respectively. Results: The expression of survivin in NSCLC could be detected in cytoplasm and/or in nucleus. The overall immunoreactivity was found in 77.0% (47/61) of tumors. Cytoplasmic, nuclear and both immunoreactivities were present in 26.2% (16/61), 8.2% (5/61) and 42.62%(26/61) respectively. The cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivities in squamous cell carcinoma (57.6%, 19/33) were higher than that in adenocarcinoma (25%, 7/28) and there was significant difference (P

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has become a very attractive technique in the field of chemical analysis.The technique utilizes a laser focused on a small spot to create a micro-plasma on the sample surface.In recent years, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a frontier analysis technique in spectrometric analysis, with the advantages such as real-time, online and non-contact analysis.The research and development of various instruments based on this technology has attracted great attention of researchers.In the article, we reviewed the research progress of LIBS instrument from the components and field equipment in recent years, mainly including portable LIBS, handheld LIBS and remote LIBS.

OBJECTIVE:To study the consistency policies of generic drugs in China,America and Japan comparatively,and provide reference for perfecting quality and efficacy consistency evaluation of generic drugs in China. METHODS:Generic drugConsistency evaluationQuality evaluationDESIwere used as keywords to search the related literatures or information of ge-neric drugs published or reported in CNKI,Web of Science,Elsevier,Springer database and USA FDA website during Jan. 1st, 1950-Jun. 30th,2016. And comparative analysis was conducted for the historical background,evaluation methods and policy influ-ences of consistency policies of generic drugs in China,America and Japan. RESULTS:There were differences in the historical background,evaluation methods,major participants and policy influences of consistency policies of generic drugs in China,Ameri-ca and Japan. The evaluation for generic drugs in USA was reevaluation of the drugs effectiveness under the history of drug registra-tion regulation was imperfect. With experts'review,it was evaluated based on FDA,enterprises,scientific literature evidence and experts review. Main evaluation method was in vitro dissolution test in Japan. The consistency evaluation of generic drug in China focused on the generic drug marketing authorization,mainly using in vivo bioequivalence. And the standards of reference prepara-tions were from the basically similar drugs to the original drugs. CONCLUSIONS:Compared with innovation-based countries like America and Japan,the availability of reference preparations in China is low,and policy environment is more complex. China should further improve the laws and regulations,giving reasonable buffer period,considering the diversity of evaluation methods, exemptions in special circumstances and current situation of pharmaceutical industry,paying attention to the balance between techni-cal supervision and system supervision.

AIM: To observe the therapeutical effects of resveratrol on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential mechanism.METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet to established non alcoholic fatty liver disease model, and were administrated with resveratrol at doses of 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg.After 4-week treatment, the blood sample was collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG).The liver tissues were harvested for measuring the liver lipid content.The histopathological examination were conducted with hematoxylin and eosin staining.The ceramide levels in the liver tissues were detected by HPLC-MS.The microRNA (mi-RNA)-122 levels in the liver tissues were detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) were determined by Western blot.The HepG2 cells were cultured and divided into 5 groups: control group, model group (induced by 0.25 mmol/L oleic acid), model+resveratrol group (treated with 5 μmol/L resveratrol), miRNA-122 siRNA group and resveratrol+miRNA-122 siRNA group.Except control group, the cells in other groups were stimulated with oleic acid and incubated with respective drugs simultaneously for 24 h.The levels of TC, TG and ceramide in the cells of each group were measured.The protein levels of SPT in each group were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice, resveratrol dose-dependently reduced the serum TC and TG levels, decreased the lipid deposition, the ceramide level and the SPT protein level, and increased the level of miRNA-122 in the liver tissues.In the in vitro study, compared with model group, resveratrol reduced the serum TC and TG levels, decreased the ceramide level, reduced the SPT protein level.Compared with control group, the levels of TC, TG and ceramide, and the protein expression of SPT were increased in miRNA-122 siRNA group.Compared with miRNA-122 siRNA group, no statistical difference of TC, TG, ceramide and protein expression of SPT in resveratrol combined miRNA-122 siRNA group was observed.CONCLUSION: Resveratrol significantly reduces lipid accumulation by reduction of miRNA-122 and ceramide levels, and decrease in SPT protein levels in the liver.

MiR-200 family is a cluster of miRNAs closely linked to EMT. The miR-200 family contains miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429. Many studies have shown that miR-200 family are key regulators of EMT and determine the epithelial phenotype. They are important to both EMT development and tumor progression. This paper reviews the advancement in the research of miR-200 family and its mechanism.

Virtual Reality is just emerging as an accepted scientific discipline. It has been widely used in medicine. The major applications of virtual reality for medicine are introduced from three areas :virtual humans,the fusion of virtual humans with real humans and virtual telemedicine. The advanced graphics behind medical virtual reality,such as computational demands,hardware and software environments is briefly discussed. This article also gives a summary of existing distributed VR systems.