The screw holes of anatomic plate are oval, and longitudinal axis of the screw hole is parallel to the axis of the plate. The plate surrounding the screw hole is smooth, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the long bone. Under outside force or inside force, the top of screw can move on the smooth surface surrounding the screw hole; the movement is a reversible one. Domestic plate can fix bone fracture stably, and the outside force and inside force can result in micromovement of the fracture ends, stimulating the fracture ends and bone callus formation. Repetitive force is beneficial to bone callus response, protect fragile new vessels and bone trabecula from damage, and promote fracture healing.

China has entered the aging society , in urban communities and rural grassroots their are still many older people lack of health insurance , elderly patients with chronic diseases become the most difficult people to see a doctor, this needs to train more general practitioners to solve these problems .From a macroscopical view , general practitioners can bring substantial economic benefits and broad social benefits .From a microscopic view , they also can make effective use of family medical resources , bring convenient for old people going to a doctor and carry out an important role of health education .Improving the General Practitioner -Elderlyservice mode , the govern-ment needs to further improve the elderly medical service system and security system , vigorously promote grass -roots community health service institutions of medical conditions , develop specialized general medical personnel ac-cording to the needs of the elderly , implement contractual service relationships between general practitioners and the elderly.

The paper analyzes proposing and development of the concept of information literacy of clinical nurses and its relations with evidence-based nursing, nursing scientific research and clinical nursing, summarizes current situation and main opinions on influ-encing factors of the study, summarizes the methods and strategies to enhance information literacy of the clinical nurses, and tells the main direction and key points of the study on information literacy of clinical nurses.

BACKGROUND: The study of tissue-engineered cartilage with predetermined shaping and regeneration has provided novel ideas and techniques for repair of laryngeal cartilage erosion; however, due to the special natures of the morphology, location and function of laryngeal cartilage, tissue engineering research has not, to date, exhibited its ful advantages in the reconstruction of laryngeal cartilage. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of building tissue-engineered larynx-shaped cartilage using poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHH) as a scaffold filed and encapsulated with pedicled myofascial flaps. METHODS:Porous PHBHH was prepared and formed into a holow like larynx-shape, and the cel PHBHH composites were cultured for 1 weekin vitro prior to implantationin vivo. The cel-PHBHH composite was filed and encapsulated with myofascial flaps with the pedicle forin situ implantation in nine rabbits as experimental group. PHBHH scaffold with no chondrocytes was implanted alone in three rabbits as control group. Cartilage regeneration was assessed at 6, 12 and 18 weeks after surgery through morphological observation, histological and immunohistochemical detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, the shape and porosity (> 90%) of the material were ideal, the cels exhibited good adhesion with the material and the blood supply within the myofascial flap with pedicle was rich for effective filing and encapsulation of the cel PHBHH composite. Tissue-engineered laryngeal cartilage with the holow, semi-trumpet shape was idealy formed at 6 weeks after the surgery. Further maturation of the cartilage was observed at 12 and 18 weeks after the surgery. However, there was no cartilage tissue in the control group. This study shows that PHBHH is a suitable material for the formation of a holow, semi-trumpet shape with good celular compatibility. Myofascial flap filing and encapsulating can be used to build tissue-engineered laryngeal cartilage with a holow, semi-trumpet shape.

Objective To explore the effect of DR on the expression of inhibitory neurotransmitter ,γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) in the primary visual cortex of young cats .Methods Totally 6 cats were wsed in this study . Nissl staining was used for cortical layer identification and cell counting . Immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to label GABA-and BDNF-positive neurons .Sections were observed under an Olympus light microscope and photographed with a digital camera .The cell density and absorbance of immunoreactivity were measured with Image-Pro Express 6.0 softwares .Results Our results showed that the mean density of Nissl-stained neurons in the primary visual cortex ( V1) of the DR group showed no significant difference from that of the control group . However , the mean density of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in each cortical layer of V 1 in DR cats was significantly higher than that in control cats .The mean immunoreactive intensity of GABA-positive neurons , as indicated by the average absorbance , increased significantly in DR cats relative to control ones . Accompanied with the elevation of GABA expression, DR enhanced BDNF expression in V1, as indicated by an increased mean density of BDNF-positive neurons and BDNF-immunoreactive average absorbance in DR cats relative to controls .Conclusion These results indicate that dietary restriction leads to a concurrent expression upregulation of GABA and BDNF , which may likely compensate for brain functional degradation during senescence and thus delay aging process .

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of umbilicus application with Chinese medicine in treating children’s chronic diarrhea due to food intolerance and the value of healthy diet education. Methods:Eighty kids with chronic diarrhea due to food intolerance were recruited from multiple centers and divided by using the random number table into a treatment group of 40 cases and a control group of 40 cases. For both groups, based on the level of serum food-specific immunoglobulin G (Ig-G), the patients were given unified diet following the healthy diet guidance: safe, alternate, and forbidden, while the treatment group was additionally given umbilicus application with Chinese medicine. The therapeutic efficacy and symptom score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were observed and compared respectively after 1-week, 2-week, 4-week, and 12-week treatment. Results:The diarrhea symptoms and coupled symptoms scores dropped significantly in the two groups after treatment ( all P<0.05), and the inter-group comparisons also showed statistical significances (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 97.5% in the treatment group versus 77.5% in the control group, and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:The healthy diet guidance based on the food intolerance test is effective in helping treat diarrhea, while umbilicus application with Chinese medicine works better in treating diarrhea for kids with chronic diarrhea due to food intolerance and can significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy.

AIM: To investigate the effect of sucking porcine liver extracts (LE) and doxorubicin (DXR) on BEL-7402 hepatoma cells in the renal capsulae of BALB/c nude mice. METHODS: Histo-cellular morphology, mitotic counting, ultrastructural observation and in situ DNA labeling apoptotic detection were performed. RESULTS: Both LE and DXR can apparently inhibit the tumors' growth and induce the apotosis of hepatoma cells. LE exerted no apparent effect on the hepatoma cell mitosis, but DXR inhibited it. Electron-microscopic observations showed LE can induce the hepatoma cells to apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: LE can induce the hepatoma cells to apoptosis, but has no apparent effect of their differentiation and proliferation. DXR can not only induce the hepatoma cells to apoptosis and inhibit their growth, but also can promote their differentiation.

Objective To investigate whether transcatheter renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) by radiofrequency ablation interfere with the development of left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony during the progression of heart failure (HF).Methods Nineteen beagles were randomly divided into sham-operated group (six dogs),control group (seven dogs),and RSD group (six dogs).Sham-operated group were implanted with pacemakers without pacing;Control group were implanted with pacemakers and underwent 3 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing;and RSD group underwent catheter-based RSD bilaterally and were simultaneously implanted with pacemakers.LV dyssynchrony was analyzed via 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography to evaluate LV function.Longitudinal dyssynchrony was determined as the standard deviation for time-to-peak speckle-tracking strain on apical 4-and 2-chamber views.Radial and circumferential dyssynchrony was determined as the standard deviation for time-to-peak speckle-tracking strain in mid-and base-LV short-axis views.LV systolic pressure (LVSP) and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured.The LV interstitial fibrosis was determined by histological analysis.Results After 3 weeks,all of the dogs in both the control and RSD groups showed greater LV end-diastolic volume compared with the sham-operated group;however,the dogs in the RSD group had a higher LV ejection fraction (LVEF) than the dogs in the control group (P ＜0.001).The LV systolic strains were higher in the RSD group than in the control group (P ＜0.001 for longitudinal,circumferential and radial strain,respectively).The levels of LV dyssynchrony were lower in the RSD group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.001 for longitudinal,circumferential and radial dyssynchrony,respectively).Compared with control group,RSD group had lower LV end-diastolic pressures and less fibrous tissue.Conclusions RSD inhibites the development of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony during the progression of heart failure in dogs.

Objective To evaluate the effects of transcatheter renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on the cardiac systolic function of dogs with pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI).Methods Twenty two dogs were divided in to three groups:control group (n=7),PAH group (n =8),PAH+RSD group(n =7).Pulmonary artery hypertension models were made by monocrotaline injection in PAH group and PAH+RSD group,while bilateral renal artery sympathetic nerve were also ablated in PAH+RSD group.Meanwhile,sham operation treatment were made in the control group and PAH group.The changes of blood pressure and cardiac indicies of ultrasound were observed before and after 8 weeks respectively.Then the left ventricular(LV)lateral strain,septal strain (IVS LS)and right ventricular(RV)strain were calculated.In the apical 4-chamber view,time from QRS onset to peak systolic strain in each the six segments of the LV and RV were measured and standard deviation of the time to peak longitudinal strain of six segments (LVTsl-6SD and RVTsl-6SD)were calculated.LV twist degree were obtained from LV rotation curve in basal and apical short-axis planes. Results After 8 weeks,there was no difference in the mean strain of LV lateral wall among the three groups,while the mean strain of RV lateral wall and septal were higher in PAH+RSD group than the PAH group [(18.91±0.86)% % vs 16.34±1.36)%,P <0.001;(18.39±1.03)% vs (17.02±1.00)%,P <0.001,respectively].Compared with PAH group,LVTsl-6SD and RVTsl-6SD of PAH + RSD group decreased significantly [(25.45±3.59)ms vs (40.40±2.83)ms,P <0.001;(34.16±2.81)ms vs (51.98± 3.64)ms,P <0.001,respectively].The LV twist degree of PAH+RSD group increased significantly[(10.47± 0.73)°vs (8.46±1.06)°,P <0.001].Conclusions RSD can reduce the influence of pulmonary artery hypertension on cardiac systolic function.

Objective To determine the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-17,IL-22 and IL-17F in patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (PP),and to estimate their relationship with disease activity in PP.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 30 patients with PP at both active stage and stationary stage and from 20 healthy human controls.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-17,IL-22 and IL-17F.The paired Wilcoxon signed rank test was carried out to compare the serum levels of cytokines between patients at active stage and at stationary stage,and the Mann-Whitney U test to compare those among different groups.Results The median serum levels of TNF-α,IL-17 and IL-22 in patients with PP at active stage were 186.35 (range,113.48-412.69) ng/L,420.45 (range,278.55-748.73) ng/L and 106.48 (range,69.13-251.86) ng/L respectively,significantly higher than those at stationary stage (42.52(18.83-95.37) ng/L,48.11 (36.43-80.04) ng/L,20.32 (10.55-48.75) ng/L,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05) and those in the controls (24.30 (12.0-61.56) ng/L,10.49 (6.24-24.44) ng/L,2.58 (1.41-5.78) ng/L,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the patients at stationary stage showed a significant elevation in serum levels of TNF-α,IL-17 and IL-22 compared with the controls (u =2.71,3.53,2.18,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).No statistical difference was noted in the serum level of IL-17F among the patients at different stages and controls (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The circulating levels of TNF-α,IL-17 and IL-22 were associated with disease activity in PP,hinting that they may be involved in the development of PP.