OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo and tendency of the clinical utilization of antihypertensive drugs in Chongqing.METHODS:The utilization of antihypertensive drugs in Chongqing from 2005 to 2007 was analyzed statistically in respect of consumption sum,DDDs and DDC(daily drug cost),etc.RESULTS:The consumption sum of antihypertensive drugs in Chongqing during the period 2005～2007 increased year by year.The consumption sum of calcium antagonists accounted for 43.08% and that of angiotensin Ⅱreceptor antagonists accounted for 23.86%.Nifedipine occupied the first place on both DDDs list and consumption sum list.CONCLUSION:The utilization of antihypertensive drugs in Chongqing is basically in line with the general medication situation either at home or abroad and it also conforms to the current medication principle of antihypertensive drugs.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antineoplastic agents. METHODS:The utilization of antineo-plastic agents in 34 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2011-2013 was analyzed retrospectively in terms of consumption sum, DDDs and DDC,etc. RESULTS:The consumption sum of antineoplastic agents increased by 23.74%in 2012 compared with 2011, and increased by 36.89% in 2013 compared with 2012. DDDs of antineoplastic agents increased year by year except that of botanic antineoplastic agents decreased slightly in 3 years. The DDDs of Chinese patent medicines remained at the first place over the three years;the consumption sum of it took up the first place over the three years too. CONCLUSIONS:The consumption of antineoplas-tic agents in Chongqing is in line with the general tendency of drug consumption in China. Chinese patent medicines which have lit-tle side effect and low price occupy an important place among all antineoplastic agents in Chongqing area.

Objective To determine the volume reduction of the primary olfactory cortex (POC) in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and investigate the potential relationship of functional olfactory activation and anatomical atrophy changes. Methods Twelve patients with AD, eight patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and twenty normal controls (NC) underwent standardized UPSIT (University of Pennsylvania smell identification test) behavior smell test and neuropsychological tests. Then all of the subjects underwent the high resolution MRI and an olfactory fMRI scan on a 3T system. Volumetric measurement of the POC was conducted and the areas were also saved as a ROI which would be used during the processing of fMRI data to get the activation voxels in local region. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test was used to examine the significance of POC volume and activation in three groups, If P-value was less than 0.05,Bonferroni method was used for multiple comparisons. The correlation between the anatomical volume and functional activation was analyzed with partial correlation adjusted for age. Results The POC volume of NC, MCI and AD groups were 3024--4734, 1409--4553 and 1561--3759 mm~3, and the medians were 3749, 2752 and 2156 mm~3. The activation voxels of each group were 0--2360, 0--2160 and 0--100 mm~3, while the medians were 430, 40 and 0 mm~3. There were significant differences of both POC volume atrophy and activation between the three groups, with a trend of reduction from NC to MCI to AD group (H is 14.942 and 16.587, both P<0.05). The volume of olfactory activation at POC was highly correlated with the volume of POC (r=0.364, P=0.023). Conclusions In this study, we explored the morphological and functional changes in the POC. It is revealed that POC suffers prominent local atrophy and dysfunction as well as hippocampus in AD. These results can provide neuropathological and neurofunctional bases for olfactory deficit in Alzheimer Disease.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus tends to increase, and clinical treatment is extremely challenging. Although drugs exert certain therapeutic effect on reducing blood glucose level, it remains impossible to achieve clinical cure of type 1 diabetes mellitus with a risk of blood glucose fluctuations. Islet cell transplantation is one of the efficacious methods to solve the problem of blood glucose fluctuation caused by insulin injection. However, there are several problems in the clinical practice of islet cell transplantation, including long time use of immunosuppressants in recipients and massive loss of pancreatic islet cells after transplantation, which limit its wide application in clinical practice. Islet cell encapsulation technology can reduce the loss of islet cells and decrease or eliminate the rejection, which is a key link to improve the survival of islet cells. In this article, the development course of islet cell encapsulation technology was briefly reviewed, the challenges in different islet cell encapsulation technologies were analyzed and subsequent research on this technology was projected, aiming to provide reference for promoting the development of islet cell.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of double balloon dilation in percutaneous kyphonplasty on curing vertebral?compression fractures. Methods From January 2009 to September 2013, 84 patients (94 vertebral bodies) with vertebral compression were treated by percutaneous kyphonplasty. All were fresh fractures and were injured or obvious low back pain 1 month, accompanied by local tenderness, kowtow attack painful, lumbar mobility, but no lower extremity injury numbness, activities and defecation disorders. After randomization, the double balloon dilation in percutaneous kyphonplasty method was used to treat 44 patients (49 vertebrae). In the process of performing percutaneous unilateral pedicle puncture and balloon dilata?tion of the vertebral body, the balloon has been moved some distance in the vertebral body. Then completed the perfusion of bone cement, vertebral body forming. 40 cases (45 vertebrae) were used conventional unilateral percutaneous kyphonplasty to vertebtal compression fractures. Recorded the operation time, amount of bleeding, bone?cement injection volume. Used visual analogue scale (VAS), the height of the vertebral body and Cobb angle to evaluated the curative effect. Results All 84 patients completed the operation, follow?up time was 22 months (18-24 months). In two mobile open expansion group, the operation time was about 48 min. The amount of bleeding was 8-15 ml. The average bone?cement injection volume was 5.1 ml. No patients quit the study and no bone cement?leakage cases or other side effects were observed , and no clinical accidents occurred. In a single stretching group, 40 cases (45 vertebrae) completed conventional vertebroplasty, the time of 44 min, bone cement average injection rate 3.2 ml, bleeding 10-15 ml. In two mobile open expansion group, the VAS score was 8.5 points, the height of the vertebral body height was 2.1cm, and the Cobb angle was 34°. After operation, the VAS score 2.9 points, the height of the vertebral body 2.8 cm, and Cobb 20° . In the other group, the pain was significantly relieved and the relief was satisfactor after operation.Vertebral height of 2 cm turned to the last follow?up of 2.4 cm. The Cobb angle was 32°, and the last follow?up was 27°. The VAS score, operation time and bleeding volume of the two groups were not statistically significant, and a statistically significant difference of the average bone ce?ment injection volume, postoperative vertebral height and cobb angle improved with statistical significance. A single open group were 2 cases of bone cement leakage and leakage, 1 cases of bone cement tail, the complication rate was 5.6%. Conclusion The application of double balloon dilation in percutaneous kyphonplasty to vertebral?compression fractures improve relocation of verte?bral compression fractures, increase recovery of vertebral height, and more effectively strengthen and stiffen pathological vertebral bodies, while improving kyphosis. Moreover, it can reduce pressure during bone?cement injections, minimizing the chance of over?flow and leakage, as well as the related side effects, but it will also result in an increase of bone cement?injection volume.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and indications of kyphoplasty with movement and secondary en?largement of balloon for the compression fracture of vertebral body with ruptured posterior wall. Methods A retrospective analy?sis was carried out on the data of 29 patients (10 males, 19 females;age range:55-86 years old;mean age:71 years old;29 verte?bral bodies in total) who suffered from compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine and below, and underwent kyphoplasty through the movement and secondary enlargement of balloon within the vertebral body and were followed up from January 2011 to November 2014. These patients had backache, accompanied by lowered support, limitation of movement, no symptom of nervous lesion on both lower extremities and no past history of balloon kyphoplasty. All fractured vertebral bodies were at T 11 or below, in?cluding 1 case at T11, 4 cases T12, 11 cases L1, 9 cases L2 and 4 cases L3. The causes of injury included fall (19 cases), car accident (8 cases) and unknown reasons (2 cases). All patients underwent kyphoplasty with the movement and secondary enlargement of bal?loon within the vertebral body. Photos were taken immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, and these patients were assessed and analyzed in terms of vertebral height, Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results The operation time (including the formation and solidification of bone cement) of 29 patients was 40 to 65 min and the mean time was 55 ± 7 min;the blood loss during operation was 2 to 15 ml and the mean blood loss was 5 ± 2 ml;the injected volume of bone cement was 2.5-7.5 ml and the mean volume was 5.5±0.5 ml. Post?operative pain was relieved and ambulation was performed under the protection of lumbar orthosis brace. Statstical analysis was conducted on VAS, ODI, vertebral height and Cobb angle before operation and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation, showing statistically significant differences. X ray examination found that there was no alternation or displacement of bone cement location, and no change in vertebral morphology, the vertebral height and cobb angle remained the post?operative status, and posterior wall rupture of the vertebral body was recovered well. CT revealed that the morphology of bone cement was irregular and closely integrated with bone substance, and no cavity or fissure was seen. Conclusion Kyphoplasty with movement and secondary enlargement of bal?loon within the vertebral body has a good, definite clinical efficacy in treating compression vertebral fracture with incomplete pos?terior wall of the vertebral body without obvious displacement of fractured bone and symptom of nervous lesion on both lower ex?tremities. This surgery is easy to operate, and has an immediate analgesic effect, which could recover vertebral height as well as re?duce kyphosis deformity and improve patient’s prognosis.

Objective To explore the value of applying multiple disciplinary team (MDT) in the clinical practice teaching of lymphoma. Methods 5-year program clinical medicine undergraduate students of 2012 were divided into experimental and control group randomly, with 30 cases in each group. The ex-perimental group received MDT in clinical teaching through MDT conference and cases analysis. The control group received conventional teaching mainly by smal class presentation and ward round . The effect of teaching was evaluated by examination and questionnaire. The data were analyzed through t-test and chi-square test by SPSS 20.0 software. Results The results showed the students' scores of the theory knowledge test of two groups were similar to each other, but the scores of discussional topic and clinical cases analysis were higher in experimental group than control group and statistically difference [(16.5 ±2.3)vs. (10.5 ±1.8);(37.5±2.5) vs.(27.5±1.8)], (P=0.000), and the final score of two groups showed statistically difference (93.5± 5.2 vs. 76.0 ±6.2) (P=0.000). Meanwhile, questionnaire survey of satisfaction showed that 27 students of experimental group (90.0%) were interested in this new teaching model, 29 students (96.7%) believed it im-proved understanding and memory to the process of lymphoma diagnosis and treatment, 25 students (83.3%) believed it could improved the ablility to diagnose and differential diagnose lymphoma and expanded their clinical view. 28 students (93.3%) had consolidated clinical thinking, and 26 students (86.7%) improved negotiation with patients. All issues were significantly better than control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical teaching model innovation based on MDT could help medical students use the cross-discipinary interviewing and make optimal treatment plan for patients. It is conducive to the cultivation of their diagnosis, differential diagnosis and clinical thinking ability, which is worthy of promotion in hematological clinical teaching.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, curative effect and prognosis of myeloid sarcoma. Methods The clinical data of 12 patients with MS diagnosed at Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University from August 2008 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and survival were analyzed. Results Twelve patients were 17 to 62 years old. The initial site included lymph node, external auditory canal, eye, buttock, lung, liver, pancreas, breast,skin, vertebra and its surroundings,and cervix. Among 11 patients with peripheral blood classification, bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy, 6 cases were isolated MS [one of which developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML)], 1 case was chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase, 2 cases were AML-M2, and 1 case was myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and 1 case was after aplastic anemia (AA) with no infiltration of bone marrow. Immunohistochemical results showed that LCA(+) (7/7), MPO(+) (12/12), CD43(+) (9/9), lysozyme(+) (5/7), CD3(-) (8/8), CD20(-) (9/9), CD34(+) (5/6), CD117(+) (7/7), and Ki-67(+) 30%-90%. Four patients were examined for bone marrow chromosomes, 2 patients with AML had t (8;21), 1 patient with MDS was 47, XX, +8, del(11)(q21), and 1 patient with CML was t(9;22). Two of the 12 patients were lost to follow-up. Among the 10 patients who were followed up, 6 died and 4 survived, and the median survival time was 21 months (2-27 months). Conclusions AA in stable phase with MS and CML in chronic phase with MS are rarely reported. The clinical manifestations of MS patients are varied, of which the common incidence sites are superficial lymph nodes, the infrequent sites are vertebra and its surrounding areas, and the rare sites are eye, pancreas, lung, liver, etc. The median survival time of MS patient is short and the curative effect is poor.

OBJECTIVETo obtain the prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis (AR) and other allergic diseases in rural area in China through epidemiological investigation with large sample and multi-faceted survey data.

METHODSFace to face survey was conducted in different regions (rural areas of Cangzhou, Hebei, coastal fishing village of Bohai Bay, area of Wuling Mountain, Chengde, urban areas of Tianjin) from April 2007 to May 2009. In the same time, serum specific IgE (sIgE) was detected in the digits of every 0, 1or 5 in them. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTSFive thousand and ten cases were investigated. There were 823 cases with the symptoms or signs of AR (16.4%). Four hundred and two cases were found to have positive serum sIgE antibody in 1576 detected cases (25.5%). One hundred and fourty-six cases with nasal allergic symptoms or signs were diagnosed as AR. The incidence of AR was 9.3% (146/1576). The occurrence of allergic symptoms or signs had a significant statistical difference with factors such as age, occupation, atopic constitution (χ(2) value were 7.96, 9.73, 16.53, 8.95 respectively, all P < 0.05), and it was closely related to lower respiratory tract allergies (β = 2.544, P < 0.01). The most common allergens were dog and cat epithelium in rural areas and dust mites in city.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of AR is higher whether in urban or rural areas, it should be taken seriously as the impact on human health. The occurrence is closely related to physical characteristics and environmental factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Allergens ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; epidemiology ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Urban Population ; Young Adult