The uncertainty of measurement is an important parameter for clincial laboratories. According to the definition, the uncertainty of measurement is a parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizers the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand. So we can use the results of Internal Quality Control to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement in clinical laboratories. The standard uncertainty is equal to the standard deviation.

Objective:To investigate the expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) and synuclein gamma (SNCG) in esophageal cancer and their correlation with local invasion, lymph node metastasis and apoptosis. Methods:The expression of TFPI-2, SNCG, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by immunohistochemical SP methods in 82 cases of esophageal cancer tissues, 20 cases of atypical hyperplasia tissues, and 54 cases of para-cancerous tissues. The apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells was detected by TUNEL staining and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Results:The positive rates were 30.4%, 60.0%, and 87.0% for TFPI-2 protein and 63.4%, 30.0%, and 3.7% for SNCG protein in the tumor tissues, atypical hyperplasia tissues,and tumor-adjacent normal tissues, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three groups(P<0.01). The positive expression of TFPI-2 and SNCG correlated with the lymph node metastasis, invasion depth, TNM staging, and differentiation degree of esophageal cancer (P<0.01), but did not correlate with age at surgery, gender, tumor location, and pathologic classification(P>0.05). The expression of TFPI-2 and MMP-9 was negatively correlated (r=-0.636, P=0.000). The expression of SNCG and MMP-9 was positively correlated(r=0.393,P=0.000). AI was related with TFPI-2 and SNCG expression (P<0.05). Conclusion:TFPI-2 not only inhibited the expression of MMP-9 but also induces apoptosis of esophageal cancer to prevent tumor invasion and metastasis, however, SNCG plays a contradictory role in cancer development. TFPI-2 and SNCG might serve as new tumor markers and the new targets for tumor gene therapy.

In recent years, Shenyi Capsule has been proven to have certain anti-angiogenic effects, and to be effective to many cancers, but its effects on advanced esophageal cancer are scarcely studied.

Objective To investigate the change rule and correlation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/carbon monoxide(CO)and the influence of simvastatin and amlodipine in athemsclemtic progress.Methods The rabbits received 1％cholesterol diet(n=24)for eight weeks.After eight weeks,rabbits were fed with normal diet for eight weeks.The rabbits in model group(n=8)were administrated with cholesterol diet.The rabbits in simvastatin group(n=8)were administrated with simvastatin.The rabbits in amlodipine group(n=8)were administrated with amlodipine.The levels of serum lipids and plasma carbon monoxide were obtained at the beginning,the 8th week and the 16th week.The expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the thoraoia aortic tissue were observed with immunohistochemistry technique.Results By the end of 16th week,the levels ofserum lipids and plasma carbon monoxide in model group were obviously increased,however,the expression of heine oxygenase-1 were markedly decreased.Compared with model group.The levels～rurfl lipi&and plasma carbon monoxide in simvastatin group were significantly decreased,while the expression of heme oxysenase-1 in aortic great reduced.The levels flerum lipids in amlodipine group were not significant ckmged,the levels of plasma carbon monoxide were obviously decreased,while tlle expression ofheine oxygenase-1 in aortic great reduced.Conclusions In atheresclerofic progress,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/carbon monoxide(CO)appared the reciprocal relationship,and amlodipine may suppress athemsclemtie progress by decreasing the system.

Objective To investigate the effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype on antiviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection in Henan province.Methods A total of 129 patients were coinfected with HIV and HCV, among whom, 70 were HCV 1b genotype and 57 HCV 2a genotype.And 131 patients were HIV single infection.Immunological failure rate, virological suppression, CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and liver and renal function after antiretroviral therapy (ART) were compared among the three groups.Flow cytometry was used to count CD4+ T lymphocytes and polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to detect HIV RNA.The liver and renal function were tested by automatic biochemical analysis.Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test, analysis of variance and LSD-t method.ResultsImmunological failure rate in HCV 1b group, HCV 2a group and HIV single infection group were 7.14% (5/70), 15.79% (9/57) and 9.92% (13/131), respectively.There was no significant statistical difference among the three groups (χ2=2.59, P>0.05).The CD4+ T lymphocyte counts in three groups were (614±258), (529±245), and (518±243) cells/μL, respectively.The difference was statistically significant (F=3.17, P<0.05).The virus inhibition rates of three groups were 87.0% (HCV 1b), 78.2% (HCV 2a), and 82.3% (HIV single infection).The HIV virus failure rates were 8.6% (HCV 1b), 14.5% (HCV 2a), and 13.1% (HIV single infection).There was no significant difference among three groups (χ2=1.967, P>0.05).The levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin in HCV 1b group and HCV 2a group were all significantly higher than those in HIV single infection group (F=27.38, 15.22 and 7.33, respectively, all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between HCV 1b and HCV 2a groups (t=1.27, 0.29 and 1.59, respectively, all P>0.05).Conclusions The main HCV genotypes in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection by blood transmission are HCV 1b and HCV 2a in Henan province.HIV/HCV coinfection does not affect the effect of ART, but could aggravate the liver damage in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.

Objective To explore the change and the spectra of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients after antiretroviral treatment in He′nan province.Methods Inpatients of post treatment with disease in accordance with the criteria were selected from the Sixth People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou.A retrospective study was carried out, including the content such as gender,age,infection route,treatment time,the date of complication,and CD4+T lympho-cyte counts when the patient with complications.Disease were divided into four group:opportunistic infections,adverse drug reactions,tumor,cardio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.Statistic case number and incidence of every kinds of the disease in the different stages of HAART.Results (1)1 001 cases of patients were involved in the result analysis.People of 41-60 years old,the peasants and peasant workers,accounted for 57.4%and 78.9%.The infection route was mainly through blood transmission and blood collection, accounting for 83.45%.Most of the patients come from Zhumadian, Xuchang, Zhoukou, Nanyang, which were high -incidence area in He′nan.( 2 ) In 1 001 patients of post treatment, the rate of opportunistic infections was 58.4%, while adverse drug reactions was 30.5%.Bacterial pneumonia,extrapulmonary tuberculosis,oral cavity fungal infection and tuberculosis were common in opportunistic infections of patients of post treatment.The main adverse reactions were allergic dermatitis,liver injury and myelosuppression.The liver cancer case was the highest ( 8/29 ) .( 3 ) 1 001 cases were divided into 6 groups according to different count of treatment time,during 3 months of treatment,the incidence rate of opportunistic infec-tions and adverse drug reactions was the highest,accounted for 75.2% and 41.6%.After 5 years of treatment,the incidence rate of cardio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus was 6.39%.With the prolonging of HAART time,incidence of opportunistic infections and adverse drug reactions remarkably reduced,but the occurence rate car-dio-cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus increased.Conclusion In AIDS patients after HAART in He′nan at present,opportunistic infections and adverse drug reactions are main diseases and used to occur during three months after HAART.Attention will be focused on tumor, cardio -cerebrovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in AIDS patients of long-term survival.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common kind of vertigo,which can be divided into idiopathic and secondary types.Head trauma,surgery,and inner ear diseases may induce the secondary BPPV,but the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic BPPV is still unknown.Recent studies indicate that multiple factors are associated with idiopathic BPPV;in this article we will review the risk factors of idiopathic BPPV.

To compare the early-phase secretion between islet α cells and β cells in subjects with normal glucose tolerance and to explore the influencing genetic factors on the function of islet cells.40 subjects with normal glucose tolerance and family history of diabetes ( FH+ ) and 55 healthy volunteers without family diabetes history ( FH ) were collected.Fasting and L-arginine stimulating insulin,glucagon,and tasting free fatty acid,as well as other indicators were determined in all subjects.Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance.After adjnsting for sex,age,and body mass index,the insulin secretion peak of the two groups reached both at two min,and began to decline at four min,the peak multiple of FH+group was significantly less than that of FH-group (7.29 vs 8.88,P＜0.05) ; glucagon secretion peak of both groups reached at two min and began to decline by four min.Fasting glucagon and peak multiple were not significantly different (P＞0.05) ; The ratio of fasting insulin to fasting glucagon of the two groups was without significantly difference ( P＞0.05 ).Under diabetes genetic background,the function of β cells decreases even in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

Objective To study the effect of anti-epileptic,nootropic drugs on the expression of NCAM and ERK2 in the hippocampus changes on the epileptic rats with cognitive dysfunction.Methods A total of 120Wistar rats were used.20 controls and 100 in which epilepticus with cognitive dysfunction were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n =20/group) that received daily treatments for 30 days with either (1) saline (epilepsy),(2) carbamazine (traditional anti-epileptic),(3) oxcarbazine (new anti-epileptic),(4) aniracetam (brain protective),or (5) donepezil (nootopic).Spatial learning and memory were assessed with a Morris Water Maze (MWM).Hippocampus tissue was assessed for NCAM1 and ERK-2 mRNAs by RT-PCR and proteins by immunochemistry.Results The mean escape latency of the place navigation test:EP group ((67.14 ± 7.37)s)was all higher than NS group (35.78 ± 4.84 s)and there was statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01),carbamazepine group ((81.23 ± 9.46)s) ＞ EP group((67.14 ±7.37)s) ＞ donepezi group((53.75 ±6.74) s) (P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR result:carbamazepine ＜ oxcarbazepine ＜ epilepsy ＜ aniracetam ＜ donepezi group.Compared with control group,donepezil group ＞ control group (P ＜ 0.01),aniracetam group ＞ control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ERK-2 expression is decreased and NCAM 1 expression is increased in the hippocampus in the epileptic rats.Thus,both are involved in cognitive dysfunction.Carbamazepine aggravates cognitive dysfunction,whereas donepezil improves cognitive dysfunction associated with epilepsy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of antiretroviral therapy (ART)regimen containing lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) as a second-line regimen.Methods Data of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients who have received the first-line therapy for over a year and changed to the second-line antiviral therapy regimen containing LPV/r for more than one year were collected retrospectively from the database of free antiviral therapy in Henan Province from January 1,2009 to December 31,2013.Based on the viral load inhibition status after the alteration of the regimen,the patients were assigned to virology failure with first-line therapy group,and successful viral inhibition but poor immunological reconstruction with first-line therapy group.The variation trend of CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of the two groups in 6,12,24 months after changed to the second-line regimen of LPV/r,the virology inhibition rates between 6 and 12 months,12 and 24 months,and occurrence of adverse events were analyzed.Quantitative data were analyzed by rank sum test,and qualitative data were analyzed by chi-square test.Results A total of 4 113 patients were divided into two groups,including the first-line therapy failure group (n=3 802) and poor immunological reconstruction group (n=311).At 6,12 and 24 months after the alteration of the regimen,the CD4+ T lymphocyte counts increased gradually (all P＜0.01).Between 6 and 12 months after the first-line therapy failure group changed to the secondline regimen,viral inhibition rate was 61.65％(1 408/2 284),while that 12 and 24 months was 68.91％(2 044/2 966).The incidences of adverse reaction of the two groups were 21.88％ (832/3 802) and 22.19％(69/311),respectively,which were not significantly different (x2 =0.015,P=0.901).Condusion The ART regimen containing LPV/r still has good viral inhibition effect and immunological reconstruction effect for AIDS patients who failed the initial therapy with poor immunological reconstruction.