Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common kind of vertigo,which can be divided into idiopathic and secondary types.Head trauma,surgery,and inner ear diseases may induce the secondary BPPV,but the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic BPPV is still unknown.Recent studies indicate that multiple factors are associated with idiopathic BPPV;in this article we will review the risk factors of idiopathic BPPV.

Objective:Clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of urinary and male reproductive system soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and sarcomatoid carcinoma in adults were compared.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 73 patients with STS and 15 patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma in adult urinary and male reproductive system in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. There were 59 males and 14 females in STS group, with a median age of 41 (18-78)years old. The maximum tumor diameter ranged from 0.5 to 19.0 cm. The primary tumors were located in testis and peritesticular (23 cases), kidney (23 cases), prostate (15 cases), bladder (8 cases), ureter(3 cases), other parts(1 case). There were 18 cases of lymph node metastasis and 8 cases of distant metastasis. Among 73 patients with STS, 66 patients underwent surgical resection, of which 31 patients underwent radical resection. Among the 66 patients who underwent surgery, 3 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 22 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy; 5 patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Among 7 patients with STS did not receive surgical treatment, 2 patients received radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, 2 patients received chemotherapy alone, and 3 patients received symptomatic support treatment.There were 11 males and 4 females in sarcomatoid carcinoma group, with a median age of 65 (23 - 84)years old. The measurable tumor diameter ranged from 0.4 to 16.9 cm. The primary tumors were located in kidney (6 cases), bladder (5 cases), ureter(2 cases) and prostate(2 cases). There were 2 patients of lymph node metastasis and 4 patients of distant metastasis. Of the 15 patients with sarcomatoid carcinoma, 12 patients underwent surgical resection, of which 5 patients underwent radical resection. 2 patients were treated with adjuvant therapy after operation. Among the 12 patients who received surgical treatment, 2 patients had distant metastasis before operation, all of which originated from the kidney. Among the 3 patients without surgical treatment, 1 patients received systemic chemotherapy and 2 patients received symptomatic supportive treatment. There was no significant difference in gender, tumor maximum diameter, distant metastasis and operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and operation combined with chemotherapy ( P>0.05) and there were significant differences in age, tumor primary location and lymph node metastasis ( P<0.05) between STS and sarcomatoid carcinoma patients.The categorical variables of the two groups were compared by χ2.With Kaplan-Meier method for univariate survival analysis, the Cox was used for multivariate analysis. Results:The median follow-up time was 18.3(0.3-90.4) months.In STS group, there were 14 patients of synovial sarcoma, 11 patients of liposarcoma, 15 patients of rhabdomyosarcoma, 16 patients of leiomyosarcoma, 10 patients of other types, and 7 patients of spindle cell sarcoma without specific classification. Among 66 patients with STS, 8 patients recurred, 14 patients metastasized after operation, 4 patients recurred and metastasized after operation. The 7 patients without surgical treatment all progressed. Among the 10 patients of sarcomatoid carcinoma without distant metastasis before operation, 3 patients recurred and 3 patients metastasized after operation. Two patients of renal sarcomatoid carcinoma with distant metastasis were treated with nephrectomy and chemotherapy. One of them had overall survival (OS) up to 2 years, and one recurred 2 months after operation. The 3 patients without surgical treatment all progressed without remission. The median OS of STS patients were 59.3 (95% CI 24.1-94.5) months and that of sarcomatoid carcinoma patients were 8.7 (95% CI 6.1-11.2) months. The OS of STS patients were better than those of sarcomatoid carcinoma patients ( HR=2.874, 95% CI 1.118-7.386, P=0.022). Conclusions:The onset age of STS in adult urinary and male reproductive system was lower than that in sarcomatoid carcinoma. The primary lesions of STS were mainly in testis, peritesticular and kidney. The primary lesions of sarcomatoid carcinoma were mainly in kidney. Among STS, leiomyosarcoma was the most common type.STS and sarcomatoid carcinoma should be diagnosed and treated with surgery quickly, and systemic therapy should be performed for patients who cannot be treated with surgery.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and blood flow reserve fraction (FFR) in guiding the treatment of critical disease of coronary artery.Methods Forty nine patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiography were divided into IVUS group (n=43) and FFR group (n=51).In IVUS group,such as MLA ＜4 mm2 or coronary artery stenosis was insufficient,but IVUS showed unstable plaque,and we went the PCI treatment;in the FFR group,FFR＜0.75 was regarded as coronary stenting sign.The patients were followed up for 6 months.The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was compared between the two groups.Results (1)There was no significant difference in general information and coronary angiography between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).(2)The proportion of interventional therapy in IVUS group was higher than that in FFR group (P＜0.01).(3)The incidence of adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion IVUS and FFR examination can be used to guide the interventional treatment of critical disease of coronary artery.However,the accuracy of IVUS can not replace the status of blood flow reserve.

Objective To investigate the effect of coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) on plasma cytokines:TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,cellular immunity,blood lactate acid concentration,heart rate,respiration rate,oxygenation index,hemodynamics,blood cells counts,and prognosis in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS).Methods This was a prospective,randomized clinical trial in 45 patients diagnosed as MODS.Patients were randomly assigned to hemoperfution with resin adsorption (HP) + continuous venous-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) group,CPFA group and CVVH group.The general clinical data,APACHE Ⅱ score,number of failure organ and previous mentioned biomarkers were documented.Blood samples were collected before and after blood filtration with any one of these procedures.The plasma samples were isolated and stored with frozen at-60 ℃.Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 version software.Results In CPFA group,plasma cytokines,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6,decreased markedly after plasma adsorption for two hours (P ＜ 0.01);and plasma concentrations of IL-6 were further descended after subsequent CVVH for 10 hours (P ＜ 0.05).In HP + CVVH group,plasma cytokines,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6,decreased markedly after HP (P ＜ 0.01),and plasma concentrations of IL-6 were further descended after subsequent CVVH for 10 hours (P ＜ 0.05).In CVVH group,plasma cytokines,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6,decreased after CVVH for 12 hours (P ＜ O.05).Blood lactate acid concentration,heart rate,respiration rate,oxygenation index,T-lymphocytes subgroups (CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 +,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio),clinical symptoms were improved and dose of vasoactive agent was reduced in the patients of three groups without differences among them.The counts of red blood cells,white blood cells and platelets after CPFA and CVVH showed no significant changes.There was no significant difference in blood cell counts between CPFA and CVVH groups.After HP + CVVH,there was a trend of decrease in platelet count (P ＜ 0.05).Platelet counts were significanfly higher in patients treated with CPFA and CVVH group than those in patients treated with HP + CVVH group (P ＜ 0.05).There were 6 patients died in HP + CVVH group,6 patients died in CPFA group and 5 patients died in CVVH group within 28days.Conclusions The comparison of efficacy of blood filtration among 3 modalities of HP + CVVH,CPFA and CVVH showed CPFA had higher capacity of Inflammatory medium scavenging than CVVH,and had less damage effect on blood visible component,especially on platelet compared with HP + CVVH.CPFA was an effective and safety modality in the treatment of the patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) as a distinct arterial disease is not rare.Posterior circulation cerebral infarction was one of the most frequent events and the primary cause of death in patients with VBD.The clinicoradiologic features and the pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke in VBD remained unclear and required further investigation.We aimed to provide a review of advanced studies.

Objectives To conduct a research on the possibility and effect factors of latent fingerprints development in clothing objects after vacuum coating, and extracting fingerprints DNA and to probe in the relation among DNA template quantity and genetic loci numbers tested, and the rfu value after coating. Methods To select two groups that are free sweat hands and sweat hands and have them press their fingerprints on the cloth, after coating, and to analyze the effect of time, to quantify and test the targeted fingerprints DNA, to compare the locus numbers tested between white and black cloth. Results As the time is prolonged, the locus numbers tested decrease. The locus numbers tested on the group of sweat hands using the same method after the same placed time are lager than the free sweat hands. When the value of rfu is 600 above, the ratio of the locus numbers tested is more than 90% and the threshold of templates is 0.013ng. The locus numbers tested of white cloth is larger, comparing with black cloth when using the same method. What is more, there exists an prohibitive influence of pigments of the dyed cloth over the PCR amplification, to put it further, the loci numbers tested will be trimmed. Conclusion The technology of vacuum coating can be well used in the area of detecting fingerprint DNA.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting miR-29 on growth,invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells,and explore the potential mechanism.Methods Oligonucleotides inhibiting miR-29 (anti miR-29) and control oligonucleotides (miR NC) were used to transfect PANC1 cells to establish anti miR-29 PANC1 cells and miR NC PANC1 cells.Transient transfection of PUMA siRNA,E-cadherin siRNA or NC siRNA was used to construct cotransfected anti miR29 + PUMA-siRNA-PANC1 cells and anti-miR-29 + E-cadherin-siRNA-PANC1 cells.Number of colony formations was observed,cell survival was detected by MTT,cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry,cell invasion was detected by transwell chamber assay,and cell migration was detected by wound healing assay.Subcutaneous injection of anti miR-29 PANC1 cells was used to establish xenograft nude mice model,and venous injection of anti miR-29 PANC1 cells was used to establish lung metastasis nude mice model,and the subcutaneous and venous injection of PANC1 cells served as control.The growth of xenograft and the number of lung metastatic nodules were observed.TUNEL method was used to detect cell apoptosis in xenograft and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect PUMA and E-cadherin in xenograft.Results The survival rate of PANC1,miR-NC-PANC1 and anti-miR-29-PANC1 cells was 100％,(96.8 ± 2.8) ％ and (24.4 ± 3.2) ％.The number of colony formation was (213 ± 36),(196 ± 28) and (37 ± 6) per 100 high power field.The number of transmembrane cells was (56.3 ± 9.6),(49.8-± 7.3) and (11.2 ± 3.4) per 400 high power field.The distance of cell migration was (260 ± 48),(247 ± 46) and (53 ± 7) μm.Cell apoptosis rate was (1.5 +0.9) ％,(2.6 + 0.9) ％ and (22.4 + 2.8) ％.There was statistically significant difference between anti miR 29 PANC1 cells and other PANC1 cells (P ＜0.05).The survival rate,apoptosis rate,transmembrane cells and migration distance of anti-miR-29 + PUMA-siRNA-PANC1 cells was (84.7 ± 10.9) ％,(1.3 ± 0.8) ％,(49.7 ± 6.4) per 400 high power field and (182 ± 36) μm,indicating that the effects of miR 29 inhibition on PANC1 cells were abolished (all P ＜0.05).The volume of the xenograft of PANC1 and anti-miR-29-PANC1 cells was (3 800 ±270) and (1 890 ± 160)mm3,the cell apoptosis rate was 0.93 ±0.14 and 8.26 ± 1.15,the number of metastatic lung lesions was (26.4 ± 6.5) and (8.6 ± 2.7),the PUMA positivity was (7.2 ±1.6) ％ and (43.8 ± 7.6) ％,E-cadherin positivity was (8.3 ± 3.6) ％ and (47.4 ± 5.7) ％,respectively.The xenograft volume and the number of metastatic lung nodules of anti miR29 PANC1 cells was obviously decreased or decreased,but cell apoptosis rate,PUMA positivity and E cadherin positivity were obviously increased,and the differences were all statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Inhibiting miR-29 expression can decrease cell proliferation,migration and metastasis of PANC1 cells,and the potential mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of PUMA and E-cadherin.

The brain is an important organ in the human body with high metabolic requirements, and epilepsy, as a common neurological disease, also exhibits high metabolic characteristics in its lesion area. At present, controlling seizures caused by drug-resistant epilepsy or specific metabolic defects through metabolic regulation has shown good anti epileptic effects. In recent years, people have become increasingly interested in the relationship between brain metabolism and epileptic seizures. So far, several new anti epileptic therapies targeting metabolic pathways have been proposed, including inhibition of glycolysis, targeted lactate dehydrogenase, and dietary therapy. It is highly promising to intervene in epilepsy by regulating brain metabolism, but currently we still lack a thorough understanding of the role of brain metabolism in controlling epilepsy. This review aims to gain a deeper understanding of energy metabolism in the brain and its correlation with epilepsy, emphasizing the regulation of neuronal excitability through glycolysis, in order to search for effective anti epileptic therapies, in order to better understand the role of glycolysis in epileptic seizures and reveal potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on common type of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) in Henan Province. Methods:A prospective single arm clinical study was performed. Patients with common type of COVID -19 admitted to seven designated hospitals for COVID -19 in Henan Province from January 25th to February 26th, 2020 were enrolled, and treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The negative transformation of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 -nCoV) nucleic acid, disease outcome, hospital stay, clinical symptoms and signs scores, and chest imaging performance were observed. Results:Totally 86 cases were included in the analysis, including 48 males (55.8%), aged 43.5 (35.0, 53.3) years old, 24 patients (27.9%) with previous medical history. Fifty-eight patients were primarily diagnosed COVID -19 and 28 patients were transferred. The 2019 -nCoV nucleic acid of 86 cases (100%) turned negative, and the median time of turning negative was 10 (7, 14) days. Eighty-six cases (100%) were discharged from hospital, and none turned into the severe type; the average length of hospital stay was (13.8±5.6) days. The scores of fever, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and fatigue decreased with the treatment time, and the scores of 7 days and 14 days after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment [fever (points): 0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0, 1); cough (points): 1 (0, 1), 0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (0, 2); chest tightness (points): 0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 1); shortness of breath (points): 0 (0, 0), 0 (0, 0) vs. 0 (0, 1); fatigue (points): 0 (0, 1), 0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (0, 1); all P < 0.05]. The improvement rate of X ray and CT image was 42.9% (12/28) and 81.0% (64/79), respectively. Conclusions:The treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has good curative effect on common type of COVID -19 in 7 designated hospitals of Henan Province. It can improve the clinical symptoms, promote the absorption of pulmonary inflammation, and to some extent control the progress of disease and shorten the time of turning negative of virus nucleic acid and hospital stay.

Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/physiology* ; Centrioles/metabolism* ; Cilia/metabolism* ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism*