Meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine is basically produced by chemical combination,and the most commonly used method is amide condensation reaction.Because of the covalent bonds between polysaccharide and protein,the prepared conjugate vaccine has high stability and good technical advantages,which plays an important role in the prevention of meningococcal related diseases.The vaccine can be applied to the immunization of young children under 2years old,and has more lasting protective effect.In this paper,the factors influencing the preparation of meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,the binding mode of polysaccharide and carrier protein,the present situation at home and abroad and the existing problems in the preparation process were reviewed.

Meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine is basically produced by chemical combination,and the most commonly used method is amide condensation reaction.Because of the covalent bonds between polysaccharide and protein,the prepared conjugate vaccine has high stability and good technical advantages,which plays an important role in the prevention of meningococcal related diseases.The vaccine can be applied to the immunization of young children under 2years old,and has more lasting protective effect.In this paper,the factors influencing the preparation of meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine,the binding mode of polysaccharide and carrier protein,the present situation at home and abroad and the existing problems in the preparation process were reviewed.

A high incidence of esophageal cancer exists in China. Surgical resection remains the dominant therapeutic intervention for patients with operable esophageal carcinoma. However, alternative strategies are actively applied to reduce the frequency of post-op-erative local or distant disease recurrence and to prolong survival. These strategies include neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. This review discusses the current knowledge, as well as available data and information, with regard to neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of major pathogens for urinary tract infections and related risk factors of hospitalized patients for prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections and to guide the reasonable application of antibiotics.Methods From January 2007 to December 2013 ,the risk factors and pathogen resistance of hospitalized patients with urinary system infection in the First People' s Hospital of Shangqiu were analyzed.Results Totally 891 strains were isolated, in which 638 (71.6％) were Gram-negative strains, 218 (24.5％) were Gram-positive strains, and 35 (3.9％) were Candida.Among Gram-negative strains, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species, accounting for 43.5％, followed by Enterococcus spp(22.1％), major strains were Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.About 62.1％ (553/891) of the strains were isolated from female patients, 37.9％ (338/891) from male patients.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing strains in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and P.Mirabilis were 59.0％ (526/891), 57.8％ (515/891) and 15.1％ (135/891).ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were more resistant than non-ESBLs-producing strains in terms of antibiotic resistance rate.The ESBLs-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were highly susceptible to carbapenems.The average prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 4.0％(36/891).Six strains were identified as multi-drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were respectively, and 3 were carbapenem-resistant strains.Enterococcus spp were completely sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin.Among Candida strains,the major strains Candida albicans was completely sensitive to amphotericin B, amphotericin and nystatin.The percentage of Candida albicans resistant to itraconazole,voriconazole and fluconazole was 13.0％ (116/891), 17.4％ (155/891) and 39.1％ (348/891).Clinical urinary tract infections related to sex, age, basic diseases, invasive operation and unreasonable application of antibiotics significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusion Escherichia coli is the leading clinical isolates strains account for most urinary tract infections in the First People' s Hospital of Shangqiu, followed by Enterococcus spp.The prevalence of Candida albicans is the major strains among Candida strains.Should be pay attention to the susceptible population and apply anbiotics reasonably.

As an important mediator of allergic inflammation, mast cell tryptase is involved in the induction of hypersensitivity, infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue remodeling in respiratory tract. The effects of tryptase inhibitors on the actions of tryptase show further the potential of tryptase in the pathogenesis of asthma and its inhibitors in the treatment of asthma.

Objective To investigate the effect of modified B-Lynch suture in treatment of hemorrhage during cesarean section and its nursing. Methods Retrospective analysis was carded in the curative effect of the modified B-Lynch suture among 22 patients who suffered from postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section. Results Postpartum hemorrhage among 22 patients was under well control and their uteruses were reserved successfully. Conclusions The modified B-Lynch suture is an effective intervention when used to treat intra- operative bleeding during cesarean section and when combined with appropriate nursing care, the patients would make an early recovery.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR) is one of the molecules involved in tumor formation , and plays an impor-tant role in cell proliferation , angiogenesis and migration .In this article, we review the role of FGFR signal pathway in breast cancer , the correlation with the risk and prognosis , the function of FGFRs as potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer and discuss various treatment strategies of targeted FGFR 1 in clinical trials .

Objective To observe the effects of analgesia and sedation with dexemetomidine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients withdrawn from mechanic ventilation .Methods 48 cases of COPD patients withdrawn from mechanic ven-tilation successfully were assigned into 2 groups :Control group was given Midazolam and fentanyl for analgesia and sedation ;dex-emetomidine group was given Dexemetomidine with a dose of 1 .0 μg/kg ,the intravenous injection time was more than 10 min and the intravenous titration rate at 0 .2 - 0 .7 μg(kg ? h) ,targeting Ramsay grade :3 - 4 ,bispectral index (BIS) :65 - 85 ,and faces pain scale (FPS) :0 - 4 scores .non-invasive blood pressure(NIBP) ,heart rate(HR) ,saturation of pulse oxygen (SpO2 ) ,pressure of end-tidal carbondioxide(PETCO2 ) were detected continuously at 0 ,1 ,2 ,4 h after administration .Results Compared with control group ,systolic blood pressure(SBP) of dexemetomidine group at 1 ,2 ,4 h after administration significantly decreased (P < 0 .05) , HR did not differ significantly at relative time points (P> 0 .05) .7 cases in control group droped out for SpO 2 < 90% or PETCO2 escalation over 20 mm Hg ,The test failure rate of dexemetomidine group was significantly lower than that of control group (χ2 =6 .02 ,P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Analgesia and sedation with dexemetomidine in intensive care unit (ICU ) for COPD patients with-drawn from mechanic ventilation were safe and beneficial .

AIM: To observe the effects of Cidan Capsule and Shenyi Capsule(ginsenoside Rg_3) with intraarterial therapy for advanced primary liver cancer. METHODS: Sixty cases with advanced primary liver cancer patients were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases of the treatment groups were treated with Cidan Capsule and Shenyi Capsule with intraarterial therapy,30 cases of the controls were only treated with intraarterial therapy.(RESULTS:)(1) The two groups(CR + PR) efficiency were 70%(21/30) and 33.3%(10/30) respectively.The statistical analysis was significantly different(P

Objective To study the effect of Bortezomib on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycles and activation of NF-?B of non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) in vitro. Methods The inhibitory action of Bortezomib on cellular growth was determined by MTT. The effects of Bortezomib on cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. The influence of Bortezomib on the expressions of NF-?B, I?B and Bcl-2 were detected with Western blotting. Results The inhibitory effects of Bortezomib on the proliferation of NSCLC cells showed a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The growth of NSCLC cells was arrested at G2/M stage after treatment with Bortesomib at 25nmol/L for 48h. Basal expression of NF-?B was found to exist in all the 6 cell lines, with NF-?B expression in nucleus showing an inverse correlation with I?B expression in cytoplasm. Bortezomib threw no significant influence on the basal expression of NF-?B, but significantly blocked the TNF-?-induced nuclear translocation of NF-?B and down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion With NF-?B-dependent pathway, Bortezomib may inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cells and induce apoptosis.