Karyotyping analysis is a classical cytogenetic method for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal chromosomal aberrations. In order to standardize fetal chromosomal karyotyping analysis and adapt to the development of medical genetics technology, the Committee for the Prevention and Control of Birth Defect, Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine has organized the formulation of this guideline. The content has covered general requirements and standards for the analysis of fetal chromosomal karyotypes, analysis of chromosomal mosaicisms, and methods for determining the resolution of G-banding, etc., with the purpose to serve the clinical practice.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF) by systematic review. Methods From September 2005 to March 2009,46 cases of fresh OVCF were treated. Patients were divided into 2 groups (A, B), according to Jikei grade, Genant semiquantitative method, injury vertebra number. Twenty-five cases(group A)were treated by PVP,8 males and 17 females with the age of 52 - 78 years (average 69). Vertebra segment of fracture was within T6 - L5 (14 in case thoracical vertebrae and 11 lumbar vertebrae). Twenty-one cases(group B)were treated by PKP,There were 6 males and 15 females with the age of 54 - 82 years (average 71). Vertebra segment of fracture was within T6 - L4 (12 in case thoracical vertebrae and 9 lumbar vertebrae). The clinical efficacy, incidence rate of complication, the anterior height of vertebrae body,visual analogue pain scale(VAS) ,ease of pain were measured preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively between the two groups. Results All the patients were followed up for 12 -45 months with an average of 23.5 months. The average recovery of anterior height of vertebrae body was respectively(85.95 ± 4.31) % in group A and (93.64 ± 3.35) % in group B,which statistically difference in vertebral height between two groups (P ＜ 0.05). No statistical significant difference was seen in VAS, analgesic durg (AID) and ease of pain complication between two groups (P ＞0. 05). Statistical significant difference was noted in pre-postoperatively between intra-two groups (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions PVP and PKP can quickly relieve pain and enhance vertebral stability in treating thoracolumbar OVCF according to evaluation parameter, and have the similar therapeutic efficacy in treatment of OVCF with minimal invasion. However, PKP is superior in the recovery of vertebral height.

AIM To study whether cyproheptadine(Cyp) affects endocrine functions in reproductive system with gender difference. METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to gender, respectively, and they were administered NS(5 mL*kg-1*d-1), Cyp 2.4, 4.8 mg*kg-1*d-1 accordingly by ig for 14 d or 21 d. The serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), testosterone(T), progesterone(P), estrodiol(E2) were measured by radio-immunoassay and the ultrastructure of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) cells, gonadotropin cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, luteal cells, granulocytes and so on were observed by electronmicroscopy and microscopy. The calmodulin(CaM) mRNA expression in hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis(HPTA) was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cyp(2.4 mg*kg-1*d-1×14 d, ig) increased serum LH concentration while decreased serum FSH, P concentrations in female rats. Cyp(4.8 mg*kg-1*d-1×14 d, ig)increased serum LH, T concentrations in males, and increased serum LH concentration while decreased serum FSH, E2 and P concentrations significantly in females. The retrograde changes of ultrastructure were observed in part of gonadotropin and ovary endocrine cells, while a stimulating one in testis endocrine cells. CaM mRNA expression levels were elevated in testis but not in hypothalamus and pituitary in male rats. CONCLUSIONCyp had a negative effect on endocrine function in females, but a positive one in males. The ultrastructure showed relevant changes in target gland. Cyp promoted CaM mRNA expression in testis,which had close connections with Cyp′s stimulative effect in HPTA.

Objective To discuss the clinical influence and advantages of applying the local flap of finger tip lateral skin to repair the fingertip defective injuries.Methods From August,2013 to December,2015,used the way of local the flap of finger tip lateral skin to repair the first-fourth fingertip defects for 32 cases and 32 fingers,among which there were 20 males and 12 females;finger categories:11 thumbs,9 index fingers,8 middle fingers and 4 ring fingers.The defective area of fingertips was 0.5 cm×0.8 cm-1.0 cm×1.5 cm,all with bone exposure,23 cases had defects at the end part of phalanx,32 cases had different extent of nail bed defects.Reasons for the injuries:13 cases of grind injuries,11 cases of punch pressing injuries,8 cases of sharp tool cutting injuries.The time from injury to the treatment was 0.5-3.0 h,all of them had no associated injuries.Results Thirty-two cases of finger flaps all survived,with the follow-up for 3-24 months and average follow-up of 6 months,the flaps were slightly bloated after 3 months comparing with the normal skin,there was no contracture in the flap area and pedicle scars,two-point discrimination was 4-5mm,the farinterphalangeal joint flexion was normal.Conclusion The local flap of fingertip lateral skin can repair the defects of fingertip with less scar,not bloated flap,satisfying appearance,operation is simple,and good function,so it's the ideal way to repair the defects of fingertip.

Objective To obtain two types of optical isomers from 1-(Benzamidomethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (BTIQ). Methods ( ±) BTIQ as raw materials , optically pure camphor sulfonic acid as resolution agent was used and repeated resolution in acetone , And the resolution product was detected by specific optical rotation .The product of BTIQ was hydrolyzed , and the ratio of ATIQ was compared with that of the literature .ResuIts After two repeated chemical resolutions , the specific rotations of both enantiomers are no longer changed .It was showed that the products of higher optical purity.The specific rotation of both isomers are -35.65°(CH2Cl2, C=0.5)with the yield of 27.52%,and +35.17°(CH2Cl2, C =0.5) with the yield of 31.55% respectively.The specific rotation value of chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquino line ( ATIQ) which was the hydrolysis product of BTIQ consistent with values reported in the literature .ConcIusion The (-) BTIQ and ( +) BTIQ enantiomers were successfully obtained by the method of resolution , and the yield and optical purity of the obtained products are higher , laying the foundation for the further development of high efficiency , low toxicity of chiral schistosomicide ( praziquantel ) and other containing tetrahydroisoquinoline structure of chiral drugs .

Objective To evaluate the relationship between ultrasound-assayed detrusor thickness and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in old men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods The 106 BPH patients underwent the urodynamic examination on which the diagnosis of BOO was dependent. The obstruction was defined as the Abrams-Griffiths nomogram (A-G index)≥40 and the grade of linear passive urethral resistance relation (LinPURR)≥Ⅱ . When bladder capacity reached 150 ml, the detrusor thickness was measured by abdominal ultrasound. Results Compared with unobstructed group, the maximum flow rate and average flow rate were both lower in obstructed group [(10.1±3.0) ml/s vs. (17.4±3.1) ml/s, (5.5±2.2) ml/s vs. (11.2±2.2) ml/s, t= 10.26and 11.03, both P＜0.01]. And the residual urine volume and maximum detrusor pressure were significantly higher in obstructed group than in unobstructed group [(47.6 ± 24.3) ml vs. (17.0 ±5.6) ml, (39.3±14.4) cm H2Ovs. (26.8±8.0) cm H2O, t=6.32 and 4.07, P＜0.01 or 0.05].Detrusor thickness was positively correlated with maximum detrusor pressure (r= 0.419, P＜0.01),but negatively correlated with maximum flow rate (r =- 0.749, P＜ 0.01 ), mean flow rate (r=-0.853, P＜0.01) and voided volume (r=-0.556, P＜0.01). There was significant difference in detrusor thickness between obstructed group and unobstructed group [(3.0± 0.2) mm vs. (2.5 ±0.2) mm, t= 11.2,P＜0.05]. According to the diagnostic standard of detrusor thickness≥3.0 mm,it had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 84.6%, a positive predictive value of 93.1% and a negative predictive value of 78.6%. Conclusions Detrusor thickness of 3.0 mm or greater has a certain predictive value for BOO in old men.

Theacrine is one kind of natural purine alkaloids, which mainly exists in an unusual Chinese tea known as Kucha. It shows various biological activities, such as anti-depression, sedative and hypnotic effects and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activi-ties. The study on theacrine dates back to a few decades ago. According to the references published in recent years, the resource, preparation, characterization and pharmacological effects of theacrine were reviewed, and its application prospect was also explored.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of reoperation(after I stage anterior/posterior operation)for thoracolumbar fractures combined with kyphosis and spinal cord injury. Methods A retrospective study was done on the medical records of 12 patients who underwent two-stage decompression with kyphosis and neurologic deficit due to single-stage approach(anterior or posterior) operation of thoracolumbar fractures combined with spinal cord injury between January 2005 and April 2009.There were 9 males and 3 females,at mean age of 34.6 years(range,19-57 years).According to the Denis classification,there were five patients with burst fractures,five with compression fractures and two with fracture dislocation.All the patients had couns medullaris injury.Of all the patients,five underwent one stage anterior approach surgery and the others underwent posterior approach operation.All the patients had vailous degrees of neurological symptoms.The patients treated with one stage anterior surgery were treated with two stage posterior surgery and the patients treated with one stage posterior surgery were treated with the two stage anterior operation.The mean interval from one stage operation to two stage decompression was 13.4 months(range,12-18 months).The radiologic,neurologic and functional outcomes were assessed through observation of the Cobb angle,Frankel spinal cord injury grading and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores(JOA). Results AIl the patients were followed up for mean 25 months (12-48months),which showed primary healing of the incisions in all the patients.The average anterior and posterior heisht of the vertebrae wers corrected from preoperative 42.6%and 70.5%to postoperative 92.5%and 95.7%and to 87.3%and 92.2%at the final follow-up respectively.Neurologic status was improved at least one Frankel grade in the patients who had preoperative incomplete paraplegia.The Cobb angle was corrected from preoperative 36.3°to postoperative 5.8°and to 5.9°at the final follow-up(P<0.05).No patient had any notable loss of correction between discharge and final follow-up.According to JOA coring,the results were excellent in nine patients,good in two and fair in one,with excellence rate of 92%. Conclusions Two stage decompression for epiconus and cauda equina syndrome resulted from one stage approach(anterior or posterior)operation of thoracolumbar fractures combined with spinal cord injury call attain satisfactory correction of the kyphosis and nerve decompression as well as various degrees of nerve function recovery.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of double dosage of SHUGANJIEYU capsule on mod?erate depression. Methods The study was conducted by a multicenter, random, double-blind and parallel-controlled trial. Trial group received SHUGANJIEYU capsules 4# twice a day. Control group got two SHUGANJIEYU capsules and two simulated ones twice a day. The study lasted 56 days (8 weeks) for both groups. Primary efficacies were evalu? ated by the total score and score changed rate of Hamilton depression scale-17 (HAMD-17)and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) as well safety by reported adverse events and laboratory tests for patients. Results One hundred twenty patients were recruited in trial group and 120 patients in control group. After a 8-week treatment, the remission ratio was 84.2% and 63.3% for the trial group and the control group, respectively according to the HAMD-17. The differ?ence in the remission ratio was significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the reduction rate of the total scores of HAMD-17 was 35.4% and 27.1% for the trial group and the control group at the 14th day of treatment, respectively, whereas 79.0%and 65.9%for the trial group and the control group at the 56th day. The reduction ratio was significantly higher in trial group than control group (P<0.01). The median time to response was 14 days in both groups. Based on the HA?MA, the remission ratio was 93.3%and 77.5%for the trial group and the control group respectively after 8 weeks and the difference in the remission ratio was significant between the two groups (P<0.05). Incidences of adverse effect were not significantly different between the two groups (17.5%vs. 11.7%, P>0.05). Conclusion SHUGANJIEYU capsule ex?hibits a good therapeutic effect on the depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in patients with moderate depres?sion. Double doses of SHUGANJIEYU capsule can increase the effect of SHUGANJIEYU and accelerates SHUGAN?JIEYU-induced improvement of depression symptoms with an acceptable safety.

Objective To investigate the expression profile of microRNA in endometrioid adenocarcinoma.Methods The microRNA chips were used to detect the different microRNAs in 3 pairs of endometrioid adenocarcinoma and adjacent nontumorous endometrium,and the expressions of five miRNAs were validated using real time stem-loop reverse transcription-PCR.Results 68 miRNAs exhibited higher expression and 81 miRNAs exhibited lower expression in endometrioid adenocarcinoma samples than those in the nontumorous samples in the microarray,and the results were further confirmed by detecting the higher expressing microRNAs including hsa-miR-205,hsa-miR-200b and hsa-miR200c,and lower expressing microRNAs including hsa-miR-495 and hsa-miR-216b using real time PCR.Conclusions:The microRNA profile may play critical roles in tumorigenesis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma and serve as a diagnostic or therapeutic tool in endometrioid adenocarcinoma future.