OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the drug loading rate of butyl-5-aminosalicylic acid-pectin conjugate.METHODS:The conjugate was hydrolyzed with base solution and neutralized with acid before being determined by HPLC.Kromasil C18 column was used as chromatographic column with mobile phase consisted of water(containing 0.15% triethylamine and 0.15% acetic acid)-methanol(95∶5,V/V).The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm.RESULTS:The calibration curve of 5-aminosalicylic acid was linear over the range of 1～100 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) at an average recovery of 99.90%.Both intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 2.25%.The drug loading rate of the conjugate was 12.76 %(n=3).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid,accurate,and suitable for the determination of drug-loading rate of conjugate.

Objective To study the changes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs) expression at local sy-(napses) in auditory cortices after ototoxic deafened and following electrical intracochear stimulation(EIS).Methods We prepared highly purified synaptosomes from primary auditory cortex by two discontinuous gradient centrifugations, and compared the differences of NMDA receptors expression in ototoxic deafened group control group, normal control group and different experimental groups (EIS from 0.5h to 2h ) by Western blotting.Results We found that EIS for as little as half and one hour the adult and developmental rats of auditory deprivation can induce a significant increase in NMDAR subunit2A (NR2A) protein. But the changes of NMDAR subunit1(NR1) and NMDAR subunit2B(NR2B) are not significant.Conclusion There is a rapid activity-dependent expression of synaptic NR2A receptors in primary auditory cortex in vivo.

Since Eclipta Prostrate used as medicine and food has notable pharmacological activity and high security, more and more attention from scholars has been paid to it in recent years. The article introduced the research progress in the extraction technology and pharmacological function of active ingredients of Eclipta Prostrate in order to provide reference for the further study and utilization of Eclipta Prostrate.

Cancer stem cells are thought to be the seed of tumor formation, through complex signalings and cytokines in the surrounding microenvironment regulate the development and metastasis of tumor.Tumor stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, the intracellular signaling pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation of cancer stem cell include Wnt, Hedgehog signaling pathway.The tumor microenvironment is the dimensional environment surrounding the tumor,including the extracellular matrix, surrounding blood capillary,stromal cells ( fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated endothelial cells, inflammatory cells) and cytokines secreted by stromal cells.Cancer stem cells maintain a close communication with the cells in the tumor microenvironment.In this paper, the cell surface maker of cancer stem cell,cancer stem cells and regulation of cytokine in the microenvironment,intracellular signaling pathways of cancer stem cells are reviewed to show complex regulatory networks in the tumor microenvironment.This review should help providing a new direction on specific cancer therapy for cancer stem cells in cacer treatment.

Objective:To investigate the changes of radiosensitivity and growth features of the surviving progeny from the irradiated bile duct cancer cells.Methods:To cultivate human bile duct cancer cell and the progeny of irradiated bile duct cancer,population doubling time(PDT),plating efficiency(PE),radiosensitivity index SF2 and the detection of bile duct cancer cell lines.Results:The PDT of bile duct cancer was (120.0?2.8)hrs,PE(14.0?0.6)%,SF2 0.62?0.05.The PDT of the irradiated bile duct cancer cells was(152.8?11.2) hrs (t=3.124,P

[Objective]To use urodynamic method to evaluate "free sacro-capsule"pre-operation and post-operation effect,also evaluate bladder and urethral function.[Method]Twenty children were included in this study.[Result]All children had none damage after operation.The PVR and DLPP of post-operative group are significantly decreased.The BC and MCC of post-operation group was significantly higher than pre-operation group(P

Background The penetration of bacterial agents into the vitreous cavity is difficult because of the existence of blood-retina barrier.So conventional drug therapy is not enough effective on endophthalmitis.Drug delivery systems can decrease drug dose and reduce the drug toxicity.To construct nano controlled-release system of anti-bacterial agents is very important for the treatment of intraocular infectious diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the toxicology and intraocular pharmacoklnetics of intravitreal PNIPAAm-PEO loaded norvancomycin nanoparticles (NV-PNIPAAm-PEO) in normal rabbit eyes.Methods NV-PNIPAAm-PEO was constructed with the drug-loading rate about 22％,and then the drug gelatin solution (20 g/L) was prepared using normal saline solution.Forty-one New Zealand albino rabbits were randomized divided into experimental group and control group.20 g/L drug gelatin solution 0.1 ml was monocularly injected into the vitreous cavity in the experimental group,and the equal volume of sterilized normal saline solution was used in the control group.In 1 day,2,3,7,14,21 and 28 days after injection,ocular anterior and posterior segments were examined by slit lamp microscope and Bsonography,and electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded and the histopathological examination was performed to evaluate the biotoxicity of the drug.Norvancomycin contents in the cornea homogenate,aqueous humor,vitreous,retinochoroid homogenate were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system.Results The anterior and posterior segments were normal by the slit lamp microscope and B-sonography 1-28 days after injection of NV-PNIPAAm-PEO.In 7,14,21 and 28 days after injection,there were no statistically significant difference in the a-wave latency and amplitude of max-ERG between the two groups,as well as the b-wave amplitude(P＞0.05).The histopathological examination showed that the retinal structure was normal in both groups.HPLC assay showed that the norvancomycin level was gradually declined in different eye tissues from 1 day through 28 days after injection.Norvancomycin was undetectable in the cornea during the observing duration.The maximal norvancomycin content in the blood plasma was (0.34 ± 0.11) mg/L in the second day,and norvancomycin content ranged (0.08 ± 0.04)-(2.16±0.07) mg/L in the aqueous humor,(0.11 ±0.22)-(2.54 ±0.38) μg/g in the chorioretina,respectively.The drug concentration was (5.65 ± 1.14)-(406.69 ± 21.05) mg/L in the vitreous,which was higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to the most gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions The intravitreal injection of 22％ NV-PNIPAAm-PEO maintains the therapeutic drug concentration till 21 days in vitreous without the toxic effect on eye tissues,suggesting a great treating potential for intraocular infecting diseases.

Objective To investigate the change of quality of life and urodynamics after the enterocystoplasty combined with clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) in nonparalytic spinal cord dysfunction (NSCD) patients with neurogenic underactive bladder by the Medical Outcomes study 36-item short-form general health survey (SF-36). Methods The quality of life of 72 NSCD patients with NUB were measured by SF-36 questionnaire, who had been taken enterocystoplasty combined with CISC or only CISC according to urodynamic results. In total, 58(81% ) patients were successfully followed for one year by SF-36 questionnaire and urodynamic examination, including 30 men (mean age 27±5 year) and 28 women (mean age 26±4 year). The normal volunteers without lower urinary tract symptom were set as control group, including 20 men (mean age 28 ± 4 year) and 20 women (mean age 29±4 year). Results At the follow-up, physical role, vitality and social function of men and women were 55±14 and 45±15, 76±19 and 74±15, 52±19 and 59±13 respectively, significantly higher than those before the treatment (35 ± 10 and 32 ±11, 27 ± 18 and 33 ± 17, 40 ±12 and 34 ±15). The bladder compliance and maximum cystometric capacity were (320 ± 44 ) ml and ( 338 ±50)ml,(55±15)cm H2O and (60±17)cm H2O respectively, also significantly higher than those before the treatment (131±30ml and 140±35ml,5±3 cm H2O and 6±4 cm H2O). However, detrusor leakage point pressures were (6±2)cm H2O and (6±3)cm H2O respectively, significantly lower than those before the treatment (28 ±9 cm H2 O and 25 ± 6 cm H2O). Except for physical function and bodily pain, the all domains of quality of life in both men and women patients were significantly lower than those in control group. Only 17 % of men and 7 % of women believed "their health is better than that one year ago". There was no significant difference in the remission rate between men and women (89% vs 76%) in the patients with RUUTD before treatment. Conclusions It is suggested that urodynamic parameters are significantly improved. Many domains of quality of life were not improved and the reduced quality of life still occurred in NSCD patients with NUB using enterocystoplasty and CISC.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of renal artery angiography with interpolated finite impulse response (IRFR) sequence on 1.5T MR. Methods A total of 122 subjects underwent MR scan with IFIR sequence. On axial image of IFIR, bilateral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and breath artifact of renal artery were measured and 3D maximum intensity projection (MIP) images were reconstructed on workstation ADW 4.3, and each branch was scored according to its displaying quality. Influence of SNR, age and breath artifact on the displaying of renal artery were compared and analyzed. Results Renal segmental artery could be seen in 112 subjects (91.80%). Among them, segmental artery was showed clearly in 78 subjects (63.93%), post-segmental artery was showed in 54 subjects (44.26%) and branches of post-segmental artery was showed in 22 subjects (18.03%). There was statistical difference of renal artery scores mean rank between ≥60 years group and ＜60 years group (49.25 vs 67.48, P=0.006), as well as between the group without and with breath artifact (66.66 vs 43.35, P=0.002). No statistical difference of SNR was found among renal artery scores from 1-5 (P=0.177). Conclusion IFIR sequence is simple and safe for renal artery angiography on 1.5T MR, and different grades of renal artery branch can be showed clearly.

BACKGROUND:Development of neural crest cels, which is regulated by various genes, plays an important role in the formation of central nervous system, heart, craniofacial organs and other tissues. However, the relationship among these genes is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the molecular regulatory networks involved in the process of neural crest cel development based on a bioinformatic analysis. METHODS:Totaly 500 differentialy expressed genes during the process ofneural crest cel development were obtained from the GEO on-line database. Then the DAVID and STRING on-line databases were used to evaluate the relationship among these genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totaly 500 differentialy expressed genes during theprocess of neural crest cel development could be enriched into different subgroups based on the analysis of DAVID database, including “transforming growth factor β signal pathway”, “WNT signal pathway”, “homeobox gene” , “neural crest cel differentiation” and “neural tube development”. Additionaly, 12 genes molecular networks were built based on the analysis of STRING database, such as DLX5, MSX2, SNAIL2, PAX7, SHH, SOX9, NOG, GSC, KAL1, bone morphogenetic protein 5, fibroblast growth factor 8 and WNT3a.These genes exhibited interactions by co-expression, activation and antagonism. Therefore, many genes involved in the process of neural crest cel development were interacted and formed the networks. These findings imply that we should understand these neural crest-related diseases from a holistic view of the signaling pathway and molecular regulatory networks.