Aim To investigate the relationship be-tween the depression-like behaviors of rats induced by chronically unpredictable stress( CUS) and the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha( TNF-α) , in-dole-2 , 3-dioxygenase ( IDO ) and 3-hydroxyl amino acid oxygenase( HAAO) . Methods Thirty male Spra-gue Dawley( SD) rats were randomly divided into con-trol group and model group. CUS plus solitary condi-tion were used to establish the depression model. The open field test ( OFT ) and the force swimming test ( FST ) were used to evaluate the depression-like behaviors of rats ;Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of TNF-α, IDO and HAAO in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Results Model group rats showed obvious depression-like be-haviors with increasing immobile time in FST ( P <0. 01) and decreasing locomotive activity in OFT( P<0. 01 ) , and up-regulating the protein expression of TNF-α, IDO and HAAO in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus significantly ( P <0. 05 ) , compared with control group rats. Conclusion The depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS may be associated with the activation of IDO-HAAO pathway mediated by TNF-α.

Aim To study the role of histone acetyla-tion and its involvement in the depression-like behav-iors of rats induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS ). Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley (SD ) rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The method of solitary condition with CUS for consecutive 28 days was used to establish the rat depression model.The open-field test (OFT)and the forced swimming test (FST)were used to evaluate the depressive behaviors of rats;the real time PCR was used to detect the change of HDAC2 mRNA, and Western blot was used to determine the protein expres-sions of H3,H4,acH3 and acH4 in the prefrontal cor-tex and hippocampus of rats.Results Model group showed obvious depression-like behaviors with decrea-sing locomotive activity in OFT (P <0.01 )and in-creasing immobility time in FST (P<0.01),up-regu-lating the mRNA and protein expression of HDAC2 (P<0.0 1 ),and down-regulating the protein expression of acH3 and acH4 (P<0.01)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus significantly,compared with control group.Conclusion The mechanism of depressive be-haviors of rats induced by CUS may be associated with down-regulating the level of histone acetylation modifi-cation.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the formulation and preparation technology of Propylthiouracil(PTU)solid lipid nanopar-ticles(PTU-SLN)and to evaluate the quality of PLN-SLN. METHODS:PTU-SLN was prepared by emulsion ultrasound dispersing method. The formulation of PTU-SLN was optimized by orthogonal design with the entrapment efficacy and particle size as index, using the amount of lipid material,soybean lecithin and poloxamer 188 and ultrasonic time as factors. The quality of prepared nanoparticles was evaluated with particle size,Zeta potential,entrapment efficiency,stability and in vitro drug release rate as in-dex. RESULTS:The optimal formulation and technology was as follows as lipid material 0.6 g,soybean lecithin 1.0 g,poloxamer 188 0.8 g,ultrasonic time 10 min. The obtained PTU-SLN was round and smooth in appearance and distributed evenly in particle size with average particle size of 93.5 nm,Zeta potential of -30.8 mV and average entrapment efficiency of 74.9%. Prepared nanoparticles had no significant change after placing for 15 d at 4 ℃. Accumulative release rate of PTU-SLN was 56.1% at 4 hour in vitro and reached 98.4% at 24 hour. CONCLUSIONS:PTU-SLN is prepared successfully and reasonable in technology,and can reach sustained-release effects.

Objective To analyze the prognostic value of age in patients with early stage breast cancer. Methods The clinical characteristics of 1030 patients with early stage breast cancer (the number of positive axillary lymph nodes was less than 3) were retrospectively reviewed. Of all the patients, 468(stage Ⅰ, n = 227; and stage Ⅱ , n = 241) received breast conserving surgery (BCS) and 562 (stage Ⅰ, n =184; and stage Ⅱ, n= 378) received modified mastectomy. Patients were divided into young-age group (≤35,136 patients), middle-age group (> 35-≤60,738 patients) and old-age group (> 60,156 patients).The number of patients without postoperative radiation therapy after BCS is 16, 60 and 39 in the three groups, respectively. Two-dimensional conventional fractionated radiotherapy was administered. The prognostic value of the tumor size, status of axillary lymph nodes or hormonal receptors, postoperative radiation therapy were analyzed. Results The follow-up rate was 97.86%. Of 795 patients followed up more than 5 years, 110,569 and 116 patients were devided into the three groups, respectively. There were 40, 202 and 87 patients without radiation therapy in the three groups. The 5-year recurrence rates of the three groups were 6. 2%, 8. 7% and 10. 4% (χ2 = 1.14, P= 0.567). The 5-year distant metastasis rates were4.3% , 9.5 % and2. 5% (χ2 = 5.31 , P = 0. 070) . The5 - year survival rates were9l. 2% , 92. 6%and 82. 1% (χ2 = 6. 83, P = 0.033). The young-age group had more tumors smaller than 2. 0 cm (65.4%), less positive axillary lymph nodes (13.2%), poorer differential tumor and less positive hormone acceptors (48.0%). Of patients with tumor larger than 2. 0 cm who had no radiotherapy after BCS, the 5-year survival rates were 94%, 87% and 71% (χ2= 20.69, P= 0.000) in the three groups. The corresponding recurrence rates were 23%, 18% ,7%, (χ2 = 9. 97, P = 0. 007), and distant metastasis rates were23%, 25% and 10% (χ2 =8.51, P=0. 014). Conclusions The age is an important prognostic factor in patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing BCS, but not in those undergoing modified mastectomy.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes in elderly stroke patients with large artery atheroclerosis (LAA) and those with cardiogenic embolism (CE)-induced large vessel occlusion (LVO).Methods One hundred and twenty-two ≥65 years old sroke patients with LVO who underwent CT angiography or MR angiography in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2017 were divided into LAA group (n=62) and CE-induced LVO group (n =60) according to the TOAST Classification.Their NIHSS scores on admission and after discharge,good outcome after 3 months of stroke,recurrence rate and mortality of stroke were recorded and compared.Results No significant difference was found in the recurrence rate and mortality of stroke between the two groups (P＞0.05).The good outcome rate was significantly higher while the NIHSS score at discharge was significantly lower in CE-induced LVO group than in LAA group (33.33％ vs 17.74％,P=0.048;10.50±1.24 vs 11.83±1.53,P=0.001).No significant difference was found in the occlusion sites between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The recovery of neurological function is poorer in stroke patients with LVO than in those with CE-induced LVO.However,no significant difference can be found in the recurrence rate and mortality of stroke between the two groups.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on oleic acid-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats.Methods According to randomize number table method, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control group, model group and treatment group. Catheters were placed in femoral vein in each group. The control group was injected with 1.1 mL/kg physiological saline; the model group was injected with 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid and then injected with 1.0 mL/kg normal saline to establish ARDS model; the treatment group was injected with 0.1 mL/kg oleic acid and then injected with 1.0 mL/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride. At 3 hours after the model was established, blood gas analysis was carried out in each group, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated, and the levels of serum interleukins (IL-1, IL-6) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rats were sacrificed to harvest lung tissue, and the lung wet/dry ratio (W/D) was calculated; the morphological changes of lung tissue was observed under microscope; the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detected by colorimetry; the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method. The correlations between lung W/D ratio and various indicators were analyzed using Pearson correlation test.Results Compared with the control group, PaO2/FiO2 in model group was significantly decreased, lung W/D ratio was significantly increased, serum IL-1, IL-6 levels and lung tissue MDA content were significantly increased, lung tissue SOD activity was significantly decreased; the alveolar space was filled with exudate, neutrophils and red blood cells, and there were obvious edema and broadening in pulmonary interstitial and alveolar under light microscope; the type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells were partly destroyed, accompanied by lamellar body degeneration and emptying phenomenon under electron microscope; and immunohistochemistry showed that the positive expression of TNF-α in lung tissue was significantly increased. Compared with the model group, PaO2/FiO2 in the treatment group was significantly improved [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 204.42±31.61 vs. 113.91±47.78,P < 0.05], the lung W/D ratio was significantly decreased (5.80±0.44 vs. 6.82±0.59,P < 0.01), serum IL-1, IL-6 levels and lung tissue MDA content were significantly decreased [IL-1 (μg/L): 18.38±0.28 vs. 20.04±0.39, IL-6 (μg/L): 12.64±0.67 vs. 14.28±1.33, MDA (nmol/mg): 3.95±0.28 vs. 5.17±0.29, allP < 0.05], the activity of SOD in lung tissue was significantly increased (U/mg: 48.75±2.41 vs. 45.09±1.69,P < 0.01), histological and pathological changes were significantly reduced, and the positive expression of TNF-α in lung tissue was significantly reduced [positive cell rate: (25.80±3.44)％ vs. (38.82±3.59)％,P < 0.01].Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride can effectively improve the oxygenation, alleviate lung injury and reduce pulmonary edema in oleic acid induced ARDS rat by decreasing lung W/D ratio, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the rat depression behaviors induced by chronically unpredicted stress (CUS) with interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein expression and indole-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA and protein expression.Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley (SD)rats were divided into the control group (CG) and model group (MG).The solitary raise combined with CUS 28 d continued stimulus was used to establish the rat depression model.The open field test (OFT) and the force swimming test (FST) were used to evaluate the rat depression behaviors;qRT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of IDO in hippocampus and cortex;Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of IL-1β,IL-6 and IDO in hippocampus and cortex.Results Compared with the CG group,the OFT score in the rats of the MG group was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),the immobility time in FST was significantly extended (P＜0.00),the expression of IDO mRNA in hippocampus and cortex was significantly increased (P＜0.01) and the protein expression of IL-1β,IL-6 and IDO in hippocampus and cortex was significantly increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion The rat depression behaviors induced by CUS may be associated with the increase of intracerebral inflammatory cytokine expression and inducing IDO over-expression.

Objective : To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism of PPARG rs2290449 and the efficacy of combination therapy in sepsis patients with MODS． Methods : 382 cases of sepsis with MODS were selected and divided into the effective group and the ineffective group，and a case-control study was conducted．PCR-RFLP and Sequenom MassARRAY were used to detect the genotype and allele frequencies of the loci． Unconditional Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy for sepsis with MODS in patients with different genotypes. Results: There were G and A alleles in PPARG rs2290449 locus，GG、GA and AA genotype．Non-conditional Logis- tic regression analysis showed that compared with the GG genotype group，the GA genotype group had a significant correlation with the efficacy of combination therapy for sepsis with MODS ( OR = 0. 449，95% CI = 0. 280－0. 722，P = 0. 001) ．In the dominant model，there was a significant correlation between the GA + AA genotype and the effi- cacy of combination therapy compared with the GG genotype ( OR = 2. 104，95% CI = 1. 332－3. 321，P = 0. 001) . After adjusting for confounding factors，unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the GG genotype，the GA + AA genotype was significantly correlated with the efficacy of combination therapy in sepsis pa- tients with MODS ( OR = 2. 307，95% CI = 1. 438 －3. 701，P = 0. 001 ) ．Stratified analysis showed that compared with the population carrying GG genotype，the population carrying GA + AA genotype was significantly correlated with the efficacy of combination therapy in sepsis with MODS in the stratified analysis of age，gender and ethnicity. Conclusion PPARG rs2290449 single nucleotide polymorphism is significantly correlated with the efficacy of com- bination therapy in sepsis patients with MODS in Yanbian area.

BACKGROUNDBased on the excellent medical care and management system for Chinese veterans, as well as the detailed medical documentation available, we aim to construct a Chinese Veteran Clinical Research (CVCR) platform on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and carry out studies of the primary disabling NCDs.

METHODSThe Geriatric Neurology Department of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and veterans' hospitals serve as the leading and participating units in the platform construction. The fundamental constituents of the platform are veteran communities. Stratified typical cluster sampling is adopted to recruit veteran communities. A cross-sectional study of mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders are performed in two stages using screening scale such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal cognitive assessment, followed by systematic neuropsychological assessments to make clinical diagnoses, evaluated disease awareness and care situation.

RESULTSA total of 9 676 among 277 veteran communities from 18 cities are recruited into this platform, yielding a response rate of 83.86%. 8 812 subjects complete the MNS subproject screening and total response rate is 91.70%. The average participant age is (82.01±4.61) years, 69.47% of veterans are 80 years or older. Most participants are male (94.01%), 83.36% of subjects have at least a junior high school degree. The overall health status of veterans is good and stable. The most common NCD are cardiovascular disorders (86.44%), urinary and genital diseases (73.14%), eye and ear problems (66.25%), endocrine (56.56%) and neuro-psychiatric disturbances (50.78%).

CONCLUSIONWe first construct a veterans' comprehensive clinical research platform for the study of NCDs that is primarily composed of highly educated Chinese males of advanced age and utilize this platform to complete a cross-sectional national investigation of MNS disorders among veterans. The good and stable health condition of the veterans could facilitate the long-term follow-up studies of NCDs and provide prospective data to the prevention and management of NCDs.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Veterans ; statistics & numerical data