Objective　To observe the effects of repeated subconvulsive electrical stimulations to hippocampus on rat's emotional behavior and spatial learning and memory. Mehtods　The hippocampus of Wistar rats were repeatedly stimulated by constant pulsating current with intratrain frequencies of 16 Hz, pulsating duration of 1 ms, train duration of 10 s and interstimulus interval of 7 min for 5 days. Results　The experimental rats displayed the long-term significant abnormalities of emotional behaviors, such as substantial changes of behavioral habits, hyperarousal, hypersensitive frightened reactions, anxiety-like behaviors, and transitory spatial learning and memory disorder. Conclusion　The stable and practical animal model satisfied most characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective To study the effect of night large dose of sodium valproate on epileptiform discharges,and cognitive function of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Methods Ninety cases of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (n= 45), both groups received regular total doses of sodium valproate therapy 25-30 mg?kg-1 ?d-1 . Patients in the treatment group received treatment that night doses of sodium valproate was double of morning doses. Every night dose was (17.96±1.21) mg?kg-1 , and every morning dose was (8.92±0.62) mg?kg-1 . The control group received the same dose [(13.37±0.80) mg?kg-1 ] of sodium alproate therapy twice a day, morning and evening. The epileptiform discharges, cognitive function, therapy effect were compared between two groups. Results Total effective rate of treatment group was 82.22% which were was significantly higher than that of the control group 62.22%(P<0.05);Epileptiform discharges reduction of treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), the effective rate of EEG improvement (84.44%)in treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group 66.67% (P<0.05); FIQ, VIQ, PIQ in treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); There were no statistical differences of adverse reactions between two groups. Conclusion Night large dose of sodium valproate treatment can help control epileptic discharge, increase the plasma concentration, improve cognitive function, and therapy effect.

Objective To study the early diagnostic value of CT for children with cerebral palsy.Methods CT manifestations of 124 cases with cerebral palsy were analysed retrospectively. Results 96 cases of the 124 cases showed a recognisable abnormality,the abnormal rate of CT was about 77.42％ ,and the most common abnormality was cerebral atrophy.Spastic type was the most common clinical type(71.77％ ).The less of the age,the higher of the abnormal rate of CT. Conclusion Although CT isn't the main basis of the diagnosis of cerebral palsy,it's helpful for us to find the pathological changes,and to find the eliology and location.It also provided basis for us to judge the prognosis of cerebral palsy.So CT has significant value in the early diagnosis of cerebral palsy.

The object of medical research is human life,thus the understanding level of human being determines medical mode and the development of medical science.The origin of Marx's theory on human being is the realistic human,which provides methodological basis for reflecting on the biomedical faults from a logical perspective.Marx held that technology is the objectization of the essential power of human being,while technology under the context of capitalist production relations has been turned into certain means to control workers.Tend of dissimilation also arises in some modern medical fields,thus serious reflection and criticism are in great need.The overall development of human being is the core content in Marx's theory on human being.Since modern medicine is during the transition from bio-medical model to bio-psycho-social medial model,the new medical model calls for an overall development of main body in all aspects including qualification,ability,and social relations,etc.

By inflicting the hindlimbs of dogs with steel bullets in different velocities, a model of traumatic stress was reproduced. The contents of myelin basic protein (MBP) and endothelin 1 (ET1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined with ELISA and radioimmunoassay methods, and the wltrastructural changes in limbic system were studied with neuropathological techniques. The MBP level and ET1 contents increased markedly in CSF, and neuronal degeneration and nerve fiber demyelination were seen in the hypothalamus and hippocampus in high speed missile group. The results indicate that the hypothalamus and hippocampus were vulnerable in severe injury of remote tissues,and it might be one of the important neuropathological basis for changes in the early stage of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results also suggested that the CSF MBP and CSF ET1 determinations might serve as sensitive indicators for central nervous system damage in stress disorder following severe injury.

0.05). Conclusion Brachytherapy ,when used to increase the dose effect,may enhance the local effect without any change in the overall survival.

Objective To observe the effects of interical epileptiform discharges (IED) on emotional behavior and spatial learning and memory of rats.Methods 76 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. Group HK/SE (n=23) for kindling with rapidly recurring hippocampal seizure followed by subconvulsive electrical stimulation to hippocampus 13 days later. Group HK (n=20) for hippocampal kindling. Group SE (n=17) for control of electrode implanted in hippocampus without stimulation, and Group NC (n=16) for normal control. The emotional behaviors of experimental animals were tested by the activity in an unfamiliar open field and resistance to capture from the open field, as well as their spatial learning ability in the Morris watermaze.Results The IED rats in Group HK/SE tested 14 days after hippocampal kindling displayed substantial decreases in open-field activity (scale: 17.3?3.6 for NC group, and 4.6?1.3 for IED rats, P

Objective To study the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF) in the guinea pig cochlea of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, and to understand its protective role for the inner ear.Methods The animals were divided into normal group and experimental group with cisplatin. Sodium chloride was used for the control. All animals were sacrificed on the day 3, 5 and 7, and the cochlea were used for BDNF and NGF staining.Results The weak expression of BDNF and the moderate expression of NGF were observed in the cochlea in the normal group. The strongest expression of BDNF and NGF was observed in the animals with cisplatin.Conclusion The existence of NGF in the normal cochlea indicates that NGF plays an important role to maintain auditory physiology.BDNF and NGF may be involved in self-protection mechanism for the cochlea and auditory nerves from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Objective To analyze the clinical prevalence,distributed characteristic of different ages,clinical characteristics and pathogenic factors of chronic abdominal pain in children.Methods A database in which outpa-tient and inpatient of abdominal pain during 2 -14 years old were collected from January 2011 to December 2015 was established by utilizing HIS system.A statistical analysis was made in age,sex,onset time,time of duration,mesenteric lymph node status and surgical situation.Results A total of 13 256 times abdominalgia were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2015.7 390 patients were diagnosed as unexplained abdominal pain,including 1 005 patients (13.59%)were diagnosed as chronic abdominal pain.A male -to -female ratio was 1.06:1.The average age was 6 years(ranged 2 -14 years).The average age of the boys was (6.02 ±2.87)years,which of the girls was (5.93 ± 2.79)years,there was no statistically significant difference between them(t =0.47,P =0.63).The peak age of chro-nic abdominal pain in children was mainly from 3 to 7 years old.The incidence decreased with age increased.The average time of duration was (16.70 ±11.69)months,that of the boys was (17.39 ±12.12)months,and that of the girls was (15.96 ±11.19)months,there was statistically significant difference between them(t =1.93,P =0.05). Mesenteric lymphadenectasis was detected in 731 patients(72.74%).The age constituent ratio decreased with age increased.The peak age of the prevalence coincided with peak age of the mesenteric lymphadenectasis.21 patients underwent surgical procedures,organic lesions accounted for 2.08%.Conclusion The peak age of the prevalence of chronic abdominal pain in children is mainly from 3 to 7 years old.Potential organic causes are rarely linked to chronic abdominal pain in children.Most of them are functional abdominal pain.The appendix and mesenteric lymphadenecta-sis might play an important role in children with chronic abdominal pain.The therapeutic aim of CAP in children is to make the children back to their normal life by exclude the organic causes and relieve their pain.The natural history of chronic abdominal pain suggests that symptoms remit spontaneously with increasing age.

Objective To analyze the relationship of the serum concentration of TSH in pregestational women with pregnancy and pregnant outcome,and to investigate the high risk value of TSH in eugenic and healthy examination before pregnancy.Methods The distribution of TSH in fertile woman and the relationship of serum TSH level with sex hormone levels,rate of pregnancy,and adverse pregnant outcomes (no healthy infants were born,abortion,premature delivery,and malformation) were investigated in national-free pregestational eugenic and healthy examination during 2013.The high risk level of TSH in pregestational women was determined.Results The average level of TSH in 5 798 prepregnant women was 2.36 mIU/L with the median of 2.01 mIU/L,and the serum level of TSH showed abnormal distribution with long tail.The pregnant rate of fertile women within one year was 76.1％.The beneficial range of TSH levels for pregnancy was 0.35-3.5 mIU/L,while the pregnant rate in other ranges of TSH level was decreased with statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).When the concentration of TSH was below 0.35 mIU/L or above 5.5 mIU/L,abnormal pregnant outcomes were significantly increased (P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the relative risks of infertility and abnormal pregnant outcomes were significantly increased.Compared with TSH 0.35-2.5 mIU/L group,there were significantly differences in FSH,LH,and estradiol (E2) in TSH＞4.5 mIU/L or＜0.35 mIU/L group (P＜0.01).TSH was related with LH,E2,progesterone,and prolactin (r=0.29,-0.28,-0.37,0.36).Conclusion The high risk value of serum TSH in prepregnant women should be below 0.35 mIU/L or above 5.5 mIU/L.