Objective To study the effect of indomethacin preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis ( PEP ) on the patients younger than 50 years undergoing small endoscopic sphincterotomy (sEST) combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD) in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Methods 202 patients younger than 50 years with choledocholithiasis were divided into two groups, 101 patients in treatment group before surgery were rectal administrated with indometacin, 101 patients in control group were administered with placebo, all patients underwent sEST combined with EPBD in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.After operation,the abdominal pain NRS score, amylase, incidence of pancreatitis and hospitalization time were recorded, and the rates of heartburn, rash, gastrointestinal bleeding were recorded.Results In the treatment group, pain NRS score 24 hours after operation was(0.327 ±0.763), amylase 24 hours after operation was (116.87 ±113.97) U/L, there were 3 cases of postoperative pancreatitis (2.97%) in the treatment group,and the postoperative hospitalization time was (6.42 ±2.11) days.In the control group, pain NRS score 24 hours after operation was ( 0.634 ±1.027 ) , amylase 24 hours after operation was ( 185.38 ±160.60 ) U/L, there were 11 cases of postoperative pancreatitis (10.89%) in the control group, and the postoperative hospitalization time were (7.29 ±2.71) days.The differences of NRS pain score, amylase, incidence of pancreatitis, postoperative hospitalization time between these two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) .The differences of the rates of postoperative heartburn, rash, gastrointestinal bleeding between these two groups were not statistically significant.Conclusion Indomethacin rectal administration can prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis ( PEP ) on the patients who undergoing sEST combined with EPBD in the treatment of choledocholithiasis,and this administration is quite security.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of small endoscopic sphincterectomy (SES) combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) in the treatment of large common bile duct stones.Methods The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST),EPBD,SES combined with EPBD.The incidence of pancreatitis at 1 week after operation and the recurrence rate of inner duct stone within 15 months after operation were statistically analyzed.Results At 1 week after treatment,the incidence of pancreatitis was lower in group EST and group SES combind with EPBD than in group EPBD [3.3％ (1/30),3.3％ (1/30) vs.20.0％ (6/30),both P＜0.05].After 15 months of treatment,the recurrence rate of inner duct stone were lower in group B and group C than in group A 3.3％ (1/30),3.3％ (1/30) vs.23.3％(7/30),both P＜0.05).Conclusions In the treatment of large common bile duct stones,SES combined with EPBD can reduce the incidence of postoperative acute pancreatitis and the longterm recurrence rate of common bile duct stones.

Objective To compare the curative effects between minimally invasive and standard direct approach of pri?mary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in elderly patients. Methods One hundred and eighteen geratic patients with hip disease were divided into minimally invasive group (n=61) and standard group (n=57). All the patients were followed up from 15 months to 3 years. The length of incision, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, number of blood transfusion, hospitalization time and the Harris hip scores were compared between two groups. Results The length of incision, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, number of blood transfusion and hospitalization time were signifi?cantly lower in minimally invasive group than those in standard group, but the Harris hip scores were significantly higher 3 months after the operation in minimally invasive group than those in standard group (P<0.05). First intention wound healing was found in all patients in two groups. The postoperative complications were significantly lower in minimally invasive group than those in standard group (3.28%vs 15.79%, P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with standard incision of primary total hip arthroplasty , minimally invasive direct lateral approach has its advantages, including small surgical trauma, less hospitaliza?tion time, fewer complications, and which can help restore joint function quickly, making the curative effect satisfied in elderly patients.

Objective To verify the performance of the ABI ViiA 7 Taqman HBV-DNA detecting system for confirming its sta-bility,accuracy and reliability.Methods According to the evaluation protocols of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI),the performance of ABI ViiA 7 Taqman HBV-DNA detecting system was assessed in the aspects of precision,accuracy,lin-earity and comparability;the quantitative detection limit validation experiments was performed by diluting specimen until quantita-tive detection limit is lower than the lower limit of detection,and the detection results were compared with the quality target re-quirements and the analysis capability declared by manufacturers.Results The CV in within-run precision of this detection system was 1.485%,1.990% and 0.932% respectively;the total CV was 1.876%,3.361% and 1.891%,respectively;the maximum devia-tion of accuracy was -6.8%;the linear correlation coefficient was 0.998 3;the regression equation was Y =0.974 8X +0.050 7. The linear range was 1.00E2 - 2.00E8;the quantitative detection limit was 100 IU/mL;the comparability of ABIViiA7 and ABI7500:P =0.115,r2 =0.994,the linear regression equation was Y =0.987 2X +0.051 7.Conclusion The ABI ViiA 7 Taqman HBV-DNA detection system has excellent precision,accuracy,sensitivity and linearity and has a good correlation with ABI7500, which can be used for the detection of clinical specimens.

Aim To study the absorption kinetics of se-ries molecular weight 5-ASA-mPEG in rats intestine. Methods The in situ intestinal absorption property of 5-ASA-mPEG in rats was investigated by means of sin-gle-pass perfusion, and HPLC method was established to determine the drug concentration in the perfusate. Results The drug concentration and the site of intes-tine segments had little effect on the drug absorption constant ( Ka ) and apparent absorption coefficient (Papp). The perfusion flow rate and the variable mo-lecular weight of 5-ASA-mPEG could significantly af-fect the Ka and Papp. Conclusion 5-ASA-mPEG can be absorbed at all segments of the intestine of rats and has no specific absorption site. It is preliminarily in-ferred that the absorption mechanism of 5-ASA-mPEG is passive transportation. The intestinal absorption of 5-ASA-mPEG shows a downward trend with the increase in molecular weight. The results shows that the modifi-cation of 5-ASA by PEG can effectively inhibit the in-testinal absorption of mesalazine.

Objective To study whether post-operative radiotherapy is necessary for patients with early breast cancer after radical mastectomy. Methods In 1998, 270 early breast cancer patients with 0 -3 pathologically confirmed positive axillary lymph nodes after radical mastectomy were retrospectively ana-lyzed. There were 156 patients with negative lymph node and 114 with 1 -3 positive lymph nodes. The prog-nostic index (PI) was defined as the sum of scores of the tumor size, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, receptor status, surgical margin status, lymphatic thrombi status, pathological grading and age. The PI≥ 4 was considered as high-risk, and PI <4 as the low-risk. Numerical variables were compared using t test and categorical variables were compared using chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calcu-late the survival rates, and the Log-rank test was used for the comparison of the survival curves between dif-ferent groups. Results Of the patients with lymph node negative and 1 - 3 positive, the survival rates were 75.0% and 63.2% (χ~2 = 4.40 ,P =0.036), respectively. The corresponding disease-free survival rate, lo-cal recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate were 71.2% and 9.6% (χ~2 = 3.90, P = 0.048), 7.7% and 16.7%(χ~2 =5.22,P=0.022),12.8% and 21.1%(χ~2=3.27,P=0.070), respectively. The mean dis-ease-free survival time of the two groups was 97.03 ± 2.53 months and 87.01 ± 3.80 months, respectively. In the high-risk group, the 10-year survival rates of patients with and without radiotherapy were 72% and 56% (χ~2 = 4.07, P = 0.044), the local recurrence rates were 5% and 24% (χ~2= 11.16, P = 0. 001), and the distant metastasis rates were 16% and 26% (χ~2= 2.18 ,P = 0. 140). In the low-risk group, the survival rate of patients with and without radiotherapy were 81% and 71% (χ~2 = 1.57 ,P = 0.210), the local recur-rence rates were both 11% (χ~2=0.01 ,P=0.975), and the distant metastasis rates were both 13% (χ~2 = 0.00,P = 1. 000). Conclusions Early breast cancer patients with 1 -3 positive axiilary lymph nodes should receive post-operative radiotherapy after radical mastectomy. The prognostic index may decrease the chance of unnecessary radiation by distinguishing the patients under low risk of recurrence from those under high risk.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of IL-37 on hepatocyte injury against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) by promoting polarization of M2-type macrophages and its molecular mechanisms.Methods Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the levels of IL-37 mRNA and protein in human monocyte-macrophage THP-1 cells with different polarizations.The lentivirus with IL-37 gene was infected into THP-1 cells.The levels of CD206,CD86,ARG1 and iNOS mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.The levels of CD163 and CD86 protein was detected by flow cytometric analysis.THP-1 cells and L02 cells were co-cultured by Transwell and treated with H/R.The survival rate and apoptotic rate of L02 cells were detected.The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in culture medium were measured.The levels of STAT6 and its phosphorylation in THP-1 cells were detected by Western blot.Results The levels of IL-37 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in M2-type macrophages.IL-37 promoted the polarization of M2-type macropahges.M2-type macrophages induced by IL-37 were cocultured with L02 cells,the survival rate was significantly increased by H/R treatment (P =0.015),while the apoptotic rate,ALT level and AST level were significantly decreased (P＜0.001).The level of phosphorylated STAT6 in THP-1 cells overexpressing IL-37 was up-regulated (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions IL-37 can induce polarization of M2-type macrophages and protect hepatocyte injury against H/R.Its mechanism may be related to STAT6 signal pathways.

Aim To study the role of histone acetyla-tion and its involvement in the depression-like behav-iors of rats induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS ). Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley (SD ) rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The method of solitary condition with CUS for consecutive 28 days was used to establish the rat depression model.The open-field test (OFT)and the forced swimming test (FST)were used to evaluate the depressive behaviors of rats;the real time PCR was used to detect the change of HDAC2 mRNA, and Western blot was used to determine the protein expres-sions of H3,H4,acH3 and acH4 in the prefrontal cor-tex and hippocampus of rats.Results Model group showed obvious depression-like behaviors with decrea-sing locomotive activity in OFT (P <0.01 )and in-creasing immobility time in FST (P<0.01),up-regu-lating the mRNA and protein expression of HDAC2 (P<0.0 1 ),and down-regulating the protein expression of acH3 and acH4 (P<0.01)in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus significantly,compared with control group.Conclusion The mechanism of depressive be-haviors of rats induced by CUS may be associated with down-regulating the level of histone acetylation modifi-cation.

Aim To investigate the effect of GW0742 on the endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose
(glucose at 55 mmol · L -1 )in isolated rat thoracic aorta and its related mechanisms.Methods The end
othelium-dependent relaxation of acetylcholine was per-formed in the absence or presence of GW0742 at differ-ent concentrations under high glucose condition.The structure of aorta was observed by HE staining.Moreo-ver,the content of NO was also measured by nitrate re-duction method.The mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and West-ern blot,respectively.Results Compared with the control group,acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation was impaired by high glucose.Meanwhile,the structures of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were also in-terrupted.Furthermore, the expressions of PPARβmRNA and protein reduced while the NF-κB p65 ex-pression increased significantly which occurred in par-
allel with decreasing eNOS expression and NO concen-tration (P <0.01 ).GW0742 (0.01 ,0.1 ,1 μmol· L -1 )restored the relaxation of acetylcholine in a dose-dependent manner,and reversed the mRNA and pro-tein expression of PPARβ,NF-κB p65 and eNOS,as well as NO content (P <0.01 ).Conclusion GW0742 attenuates the injury of endothelial dysfunc-tion induced by high glucose,which may be,at least partly,mediated by the up-regulation of PPARβ,then the down-regulation of NF-κB,and the activation of eNOS-NO signal pathway.

Aim To investigate the relationship be-tween the depression-like behaviors of rats induced by chronically unpredictable stress( CUS) and the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha( TNF-α) , in-dole-2 , 3-dioxygenase ( IDO ) and 3-hydroxyl amino acid oxygenase( HAAO) . Methods Thirty male Spra-gue Dawley( SD) rats were randomly divided into con-trol group and model group. CUS plus solitary condi-tion were used to establish the depression model. The open field test ( OFT ) and the force swimming test ( FST ) were used to evaluate the depression-like behaviors of rats ;Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of TNF-α, IDO and HAAO in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Results Model group rats showed obvious depression-like be-haviors with increasing immobile time in FST ( P <0. 01) and decreasing locomotive activity in OFT( P<0. 01 ) , and up-regulating the protein expression of TNF-α, IDO and HAAO in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus significantly ( P <0. 05 ) , compared with control group rats. Conclusion The depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS may be associated with the activation of IDO-HAAO pathway mediated by TNF-α.